Streit et al. – Functional distinctions among browsing herbivorous fishes

Electronic Supplementary Material

Fig. S1 Locations of published studies recording macroalgal removal by browsing herbivorous fishes on underwater-video;(a) globally and (b) on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia; Scaled circles indicate numbers of studies at each location, smallest circles represent single studies;(c) References per location;
Complete reference list:

Bellwood DR, Hughes TP, Hoey AS (2006) Sleeping functional group drives coral-reef recovery.

Current Biology 16:2434-2439

Bennett S, Bellwood DR (2011) Latitudinal variation in macroalgal consumption by fishes on the Great Barrier Reef. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 426:241-252

Burkepile D, Hay M (2011) Feeding complementarity versus redundancy among herbivorous fishes on a Caribbean reef. Coral Reefs 30:351-362

Chong-Seng KM, Nash KL, Bellwood DR, Graham NAJ (2014) Macroalgal herbivory on recovering versus degrading coral reefs. Coral Reefs doi: 10.1007/s00338-014-1134-5

Cvitanovic C, Bellwood DR (2009) Local variation in herbivore feeding activity on an inshore reef of the Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 28:127-133

Downie RA, Babcock RC, Thomson DP, Vanderklift MA (2013) Density of herbivorous fish and intensity of herbivory are influenced by proximity to coral reefs. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 482:217-225

Fox RJ, Bellwood DR (2008) Remote video bioassays reveal the potential feeding impact of the rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus (f: Siganidae) on an inner-shelf reef of the Great Barrier Reef.

Coral Reefs 27:605-615

Hoey AS (2010) Size matters: macroalgal height influences the feeding response of coral reef herbivores.

Mar Ecol Prog Ser 411:299-302

Hoey AS, Bellwood DR (2009) Limited functional redundancy in a high diversity system: single species dominates key ecological process on coral reefs. Ecosystems 12:1316-1328

Hoey AS, Bellwood DR (2011) Suppression of herbivory by macroalgal density: a critical feedback on coral reefs? EcolLett 14:267-273

Lefèvre CD, Bellwood DR (2011) Temporal variation in coral reef ecosystem processes: herbivory of macroalgae by fishes. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 422:239-251

Longo GO, Floeter SR (2012) Comparison of remote video and diver's direct observations to quantify reef fishes feeding on benthos in coral and rocky reefs. J Fish Biol 81:1773-1780

Mantyka CS, Bellwood DR (2007a) Direct evaluation of macroalgal removal by herbivorous coral reef fishes. Coral Reefs 26:435-442

Mantyka CS, Bellwood DR (2007b) Macroalgal grazing selectivity among herbivorous coral reef fishes.

Mar Ecol Prog Ser 352:177-185

McCauley DJ, Micheli F, Young HS, Tittensor DP, Brumbaugh DR, Madin EMP, Holmes KE, Smith JE, Lotze HK, DeSalles PA, Arnold SN, Worm B (2010) Acute effects of removing large fish from a near- pristine coral reef. Mar Biol 157:2739-2750

Michael PJ, Hyndes GA, Vanderklift MA, Vergés A (2013) Identity and behaviour of herbivorous fish influence large-scale spatial patterns of macroalgal herbivory in a coral reef. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 482:227-240

Rasher DB, Hoey AS, Hay ME (2013) Consumer diversity interacts with prey defenses to drive ecosystem function. Ecology 94:1347-1358

Rizzari JR, Frisch AJ, Hoey AS, McCormick MI (2014) Not worth the risk: apex predators suppress herbivory on coral reefs. Oikos doi: 10.1111/oik.01318

Verges A, Bennett S, Bellwood DR (2012) Diversity among Macroalgae-Consuming Fishes on Coral Reefs: A Transcontinental Comparison. PloS one 7:e45543

Fig.S2 Illustration of selected feeding-morphology parameters; (a) Lateral view of Siganus canaliculatus after dissection, jaw bones and articulations exposed, grey area indicates position of the adductor mandibulae (AM) muscle mass, (b) Measurements used for calculation of closing jaw lever-ratios, shown on lower jaw of Kyphosus vaigiensis. (following Wainwright and Bellwood 2002)

Fig.S3Biting selectivity on different algal parts across species. (a) All recorded bites (b) Only bites on completely intact macroalgae, i.e. only bites by the first fish recorded in each video. Stalks: individual bites on entire thallus, including algal stalks, Leaves: individual bites include only leaves

Table S1. Mean standard length (SL) and size rangesof the three specimen of each species, collected formorphological measurements
Species / Mean standard length ±SE [mm] / Size range [mm]
Kyphosus vaigiensis / 246.0 ± 12.5 / 232-271
Naso unicornis / 260.7 ± 4.3 / 253-269
Siganus canaliculatus / 206.3 ± 0.9 / 206-208
Siganus doliatus / 158.0 ± 7.0 / 150-172

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