CANNABIS 2008<153>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008571957
Authors Brook J.S. Zhang C. Koppel J. Brook D.W.
Institution
(Brook, Zhang, Koppel, Brook) Department of Psychiatry, New YorkUniversity, School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
(Brook) Department of Psychiatry, New York University, School of Medicine, 215 Lexington Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Pathways from earlier marijuana use in the familial and non-familial environments to self-marijuana use in the fourth decade of life.
Source
American Journal on Addictions. 17(6)(pp 497-503), 2008. Date of Publication: November 2008.
Publisher
Informa Healthcare
Abstract
We examined the longitudinal pathways from marijuana use in the familial environment (parents and siblings) and non-familial environment (peers and significant other), throughout adolescence and young adulthood, to the participants' own marijuana use in their fourth decade of life (n = 586). Longitudinal pathways to marijuana use were assessed using structural equation modeling. Familial factors were mediated by non-familial factors; sibling marijuana use also had a direct effect on the participants' marijuana use. In the non-familial environment, significant other marijuana use had only a direct effect, while peer marijuana use had direct as well as indirect effects on the participants' marijuana use. Results illustrate the importance of both modeling and selection effects in contributing to marijuana use. Regarding prevention and treatment, this study suggests the need to consider aspects of familial and non-familial social environments. Copyright copyright American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry.
ISSN 1055-0496
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name American Journal on Addictions
Volume 17
Issue Part 6
Page 497-503
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication November 2008
CANNABIS 2008<175>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008533953
AuthorsAversa A. Rossi F. Francomano D. Bruzziches R. Bertone C. Santiemma V. Spera G.
Institution
(Aversa, Rossi, Francomano, Bruzziches, Bertone, Santiemma, Spera) Department of Medical Pathophysiology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
(Aversa) Department of Medical Pathophysiology, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Early endothelial dysfunction as a marker of vasculogenic erectile dysfunction in young habitual cannabis users.
Source
International Journal of Impotence Research. 20(6)(pp 566-573), 2008. Date of Publication: November 2008.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group
Abstract
Aim of the study was to evaluate whether endothelial dysfunction is a marker of erectile dysfunction (ED) in recreational drug abuse. Sixty-four non-consecutive men complaining of ED from at least 3 months were included. All patients underwent detailed history about recreational drug abuse and were then submitted to dynamic penile duplex ultrasound (PDU). According to pharmaco-stimulated peak systolic velocity (PSV) cutoff at 35 cm s-1, patients were divided into two groups: organic (O; n=30) and non-organic (NO; n=34) ED. All subjects and 7 healthy age-matched subjects as controls, underwent veno-occlusive plethysmography (VOP) for the evaluation of endothelium- dependent dilatation of brachial arteries. Blood pressure, total and free testosterone, prolactin, estradiol, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were also evaluated; patients were classified with regard to insulin resistance through the HOMA-IR index. Cannabis smoking was more frequent in O-ED vs NO-ED (78% vs 3%, P<0.001) in the absence of any concomitant risk factor or comorbidity for ED. VOP studies revealed impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in O-ED but not in NO-ED and controls (12+/-6 vs 32+/-4 and 34+/-5 ml min-1, respectively; P=0.003). Overall patients showed a direct relationship between HOMA-IR and PSV (r2=0.47, P<0.0001), which was maintained in men with organic ED (r2=0.62, P<0.0001). In cannabis consumers, a direct relationship between HOMA-IR and VOP was also found (r2=0.74, P<0.0001). Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that VOP values below 17.22 ml min-1 were suggestive for vasculogenic ED. We conclude that early endothelial damage may be induced by chronic cannabis use (and endocannabinoid system activation); insulin resistance may be the hallmark of early endothelial dysfunction and may concur to determine vascular ED in the absence of obesity. Further studies are warranted to establish a direct relationship between cannabis abuse, onset of insulin resistance and development of vascular ED. copyright 2008 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved.
ISSN 0955-9930
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name International Journal of Impotence Research
Volume 20
Issue Part 6
Page 566-573
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication November 2008
CANNABIS 2008<197>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008485177
Authors Justinova Z. Munzar P. Panlilio L.V. Yasar S. Redhi G.H. Tanda G. Goldberg S.R.
Institution
(Justinova, Munzar, Panlilio, Redhi, Tanda, Goldberg) Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.
(Justinova) Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
(Munzar) Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.
(Yasar) Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
(Goldberg) Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Blockade of THC-seeking behavior and relapse in monkeys by the cannabinoid CB1-receptor antagonist rimonabant.
Source
Neuropsychopharmacology. 33(12)(pp 2870-2877), 2008. Date of Publication: November 2008.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests the endocannabinoid system modulates environmental cues' ability to induce seeking of drugs, including nicotine and alcohol. However, little attention has been directed toward extending these advances to the growing problem of cannabis use disorders. Therefore, we studied intravenous self-administration of Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive constituent of marijuana, using a second-order schedule of drug seeking. Squirrel monkeys' lever responses produced only a brief cue light until the end of the session, when the final response delivered THC along with the cue. When a reinstatement procedure was used to model relapse following a period of abstinence, THC-seeking behavior was robustly reinstated by the cue or by pre-session administration of THC, other cannabinoid agonists, or morphine, but not cocaine. The cannabinoid antagonist rimonabant blocked cue-induced drug seeking, THC-induced drug seeking, and the direct reinforcing effects of THC. Thus, rimonabant and related medications might be effective as treatments for cannabinoid dependence. copyright 2008 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved.
ISSN 0893-133X
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Neuropsychopharmacology
Volume 33
Issue Part 12
Page 2870-2877
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication November 2008
CANNABIS 2008<247>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008412276
Authors Martens K.M. Gilbert D.G.
Institution (Martens, Gilbert) Southern IllinoisUniversity - Carbondale, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Marijuana and tobacco exposure predict affect-regulation expectancies in dual users.
Source
Addictive Behaviors. 33(11)(pp 1484-1490), 2008. Date of Publication: November 2008.
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Abstract
In order to better compare affect-related expectancies for tobacco and marijuana smoking, associations of marijuana and tobacco exposure to negative affect reduction (NAR), positive affect enhancement (PAE), and related smoking outcome expectancies were assessed in young individuals who reported smoking both marijuana and tobacco on a regular basis (dual users). More frequent smoking of a given substance was associated with expectations of greater NAR and PAE by that substance while duration of exposure did not reliably predict NAR or PAE drug expectancies. Contrary to expectations, individuals anticipating greater NAR and/or PAE for one substance did not exhibit corresponding expectancies for the other drug. These findings suggest that exposure duration may be less important than current usage levels in influencing affect expectancies and that the affect-related expectancies for tobacco and marijuana are largely independent of each other.
ISSN 0306-4603
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addictive Behaviors
Volume 33
Issue Part 11
Page 1484-1490
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication November 2008
CANNABIS 2008<248>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008412273
Authors Buckner J.D. Schmidt N.B.
Institution
(Buckner) Department of Psychology, LouisianaStateUniversity, 211 Audubon Hall, Baton Rouge, LA70803, United States.
(Schmidt) Department of Psychology, FloridaStateUniversity, Tallahassee
FL32306-1270, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Marijuana effect expectancies: Relations to social anxiety and marijuana use problems.
Source
Addictive Behaviors. 33(11)(pp 1477-1483), 2008. Date of Publication: November 2008.
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Abstract
High social anxiety is related to marijuana problems, yet the nature of this relation remains unclear. We examined relations between marijuana effect expectancies, social anxiety, and marijuana among undergraduates (N = 337). Social anxiety was related positively to Negative Expectancies and negatively to Tension Reduction Expectancies. Among socially anxious individuals, greater belief that marijuana produces Cognitive and Behavioral Impairment was associated with greater marijuana use rates. Negative Expectancies mediated the social anxiety-marijuana problems link. These data provide new insight into problematic marijuana use among this high-risk group. copyright 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN 0306-4603
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addictive Behaviors
Volume 33
Issue Part 11
Page 1477-1483
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication November 2008
CANNABIS 2008<257>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008407651
Authors Fisk J.E. Montgomery C.
Institution
(Fisk) Department of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, United Kingdom.
(Montgomery) School of Psychology, LiverpoolJohnMooresUniversity, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
(Fisk) Department of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, PrestonPR1 2HE, United Kingdom.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Real-world memory and executive processes in cannabis users and non-users.
Source
Journal of Psychopharmacology. 22(7)(pp 727-736), 2008. Date of Publication: September 2008.
Publisher
SAGE Publications Ltd
Abstract
The relationships between executive processes, associative learning and different aspects of real world memory functioning were explored in a sample of cannabis users and nonusers. Measures of executive component processes, associative learning, everyday memory, prospective memory, and cognitive failures were administered. Relative to nonusers, cannabis users were found to be impaired in several aspects of real world memory functioning. No other group differences were apparent. The absence of cannabis related deficits in those executive component processes and aspects of learning that are believed to support real world memory processes is surprising given that cannabis related deficits were obtained in real world memory. The present results are discussed within the context of neuroimaging evidence which suggests that cannabis users may exhibit different patterns of neural activation when performing executive tasks while not always exhibiting deficits on these tasks. copyright 2008 British Association for Psychopharmacology.
ISSN 0269-8811
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Journal of Psychopharmacology
Volume 22
Issue Part 7
Page 727-736
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication September 2008
CANNABIS 2008<265>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008423452
Authors Haughey H.M. Marshall E. Schacht J.P. Louis A. Hutchison K.E.
Institution
(Haughey, Marshall, Schacht, Louis, Hutchison) University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States.
(Hutchison) Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, MIND Institute, 1101 Yale Boulevard NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Marijuana withdrawal and craving: Influence of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) genes.
Source
Addiction. 103(10)(pp 1678-1686), 2008. Date of Publication: October 2008.
Publisher
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Abstract
Aim: To examine whether withdrawal after abstinence and cue-elicited craving were associated with polymorphisms within two genes involved in regulating the endocannabinoid system, cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CNR1 (rs2023239) and FAAH (rs324420) genes, associated previously with substance abuse and functional changes in cannabinoid regulation, were examined in a sample of daily marijuana smokers. Participants: Participants were 105 students at the University of Colorado, Boulder between the ages of 18 and 25 years who reported smoking marijuana daily. Measurements: Participants were assessed once at baseline and again after 5 days of abstinence, during which they were exposed to a cue-elicited craving paradigm. Outcome measures were withdrawal and craving collected using self-reported questionnaires. In addition, urine samples were collected at baseline and on day 5 for the purposes of 11-nor-9-carboxy-Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH) metabolite analysis. Findings: Between the two sessions, THC-COOH metabolite levels decreased significantly, while measures of withdrawal and craving increased significantly. The CNR1 SNP displayed a significant abstinence x genotype interaction on withdrawal, as well as a main effect on overall levels of craving, while the FAAH SNP displayed a significant abstinence x genotype interaction on craving. Conclusions: These genetic findings may have both etiological and treatment implications. However, longitudinal studies will be needed to clarify whether these genetic variations influence the trajectory of marijuana use/dependence. The identification of underlying genetic differences in phenotypes such as craving and withdrawal may aid genetically targeted approaches to the treatment of cannabis dependence. copyright 2008 The Authors.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 103
Issue Part 10
Page 1678-1686
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication October 2008
CANNABIS 2008<269>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008390031
Authors D'Souza D.C. Ranganathan M. Braley G. Gueorguieva R. Zimolo Z. Cooper T. Perry E. Krystal J.
Institution
(D'Souza, Ranganathan, Braley, Zimolo, Perry, Krystal) Schizophrenia Biological Research Center, VAConnecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States.
(D'Souza, Gueorguieva, Krystal) Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental HealthCenter, New Haven, CT, United States.
(D'Souza, Ranganathan, Braley, Zimolo, Perry, Krystal) Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
(Gueorguieva) Division of Biostatistics, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
(Cooper) Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
(Cooper) Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, United States.
(D'Souza) Psychiatry Service, 116A, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT06516, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Blunted psychotomimetic and amnestic effects of Delta-9- tetrahydrocannabinol in frequent users of cannabis.
Source
Neuropsychopharmacology. 33(10)(pp 2505-2516), 2008. Date of Publication: September 2008.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group
Abstract
Cannabis is one of the most widely used illicit substances and there is growing interest in the association between cannabis use and psychosis. Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta-9-THC) the principal active ingredient of cannabis has been shown to induce psychotomimetic and amnestic effects in healthy individuals. Whether people who frequently use cannabis are either protected from or are tolerant to these effects of Delta-9-THC has not been established. In a 3-day, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, the dose-related effects of 0, 2.5, and 5 mg intravenous Delta-9-THC were studied in 30 frequent users of cannabis and compared to 22 healthy controls. Delta-9-THC (1) produced transient psychotomimetic effects and perceptual alterations; (2) impaired memory and attention; (3) increased subjective effects of 'high'; (4) produced tachycardia; and (5) increased serum cortisol in both groups. However, relative to controls, frequent users showed blunted responses to the psychotomimetic, perceptual altering, cognitive impairing, anxiogenic, and cortisol increasing effects of Delta-9-THC but not to its euphoric effects. Frequent users also had lower prolactin levels. These data suggest that frequent users of cannabis are either inherently blunted in their response to, and/or develop tolerance to the psychotomimetic, perceptual altering, amnestic, endocrine, and other effects of cannabinoids. copyright 2008 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved.
ISSN 0893-133X
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Neuropsychopharmacology
Volume 33
Issue Part 10
Page 2505-2516
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication September 2008
CANNABIS 2008<321>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008382319
Authors Zvolensky M.J. Lewinsohn P. Bernstein A. Schmidt N.B. Buckner J.D. Seeley J. Bonn-Miller M.O.
Institution
(Zvolensky, Bonn-Miller) University of Vermont, Department of Psychology, 2 Colchester Avenue, John Dewey Hall, Burlington, VT 05405-0134, United States.
(Lewinsohn, Seeley) Oregon Research Institute, United States.
(Bernstein) Center for Health Care Evaluation, Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States.
(Bernstein) Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, StanfordUniversitySchool of Medicine, United States.
(Schmidt, Buckner) Florida State University, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Prospective associations between cannabis use, abuse, and dependence and panic attacks and disorder.
Source
Journal of Psychiatric Research. 42(12)(pp 1017-1023), 2008. Date of Publication: October 2008.
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Abstract
The present study prospectively evaluated cannabis use, abuse, and dependence in relation to the development of panic attacks and panic disorder. Participants at the start of the study were adolescents (n = 1709) with a mean age of 16.6 years (SD = 1.2; time 1) and were re-assessed 1 year later (time 2) and then again as young adults (time 3; mean age = 24.2 years, SD = 0.6). Results indicated that cannabis use and dependence were significantly prospectively associated with an increased odds for the development of panic attacks and panic disorder. However, cannabis was not incrementally associated with the development of panic after controlling for daily cigarette smoking. The theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed. copyright 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN 0022-3956
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Journal of Psychiatric Research
Volume 42
Issue Part 12
Page 1017-1023
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication October 2008
CANNABIS 2008<323>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008420403
Authors Lavender J.M. Looby A. Earleywine M.