Primus amor Phoebi Daphne Peneia, (quem non)
A B B A 2 monosylabic words: diaresis
The first love of Appolo was Daphne, daughter of Peneius, (a love) which
fors ignara dedit, sed saeva Cupidinis ira,
A B C B A transphered epithet
unaware destiny did not give (him) but (which) the savage anger of Cupic gave,
Delius hunc nuper, victa serpente superbus,
the Delian, proud because he had defeated the python,
viderat adducto flectentem cornua nervo 455
hyperbaton=stretching synecdoche
had seen him (Cupid) bending (his) bow with the string pulled
'quid' que 'tibi, lascive puer, cum fortibus armis?'
taut, and he had said (to him) what (is it) to you, oh mischievous boy, with warrior’s weapons?
dixerat: 'ista decent umeros gestamina nostros,
A C B A B
that equipment is suitable for our shoulders,
qui dare certa ferae, dare vulnera possumus hosti,
DACTYLLIC- swift attack anaphora
(We) who are able to give inescapable wounds to a beast, to an enemy,
qui modo pestifero tot iugera ventre prementem
convolution—snake hyperbaton—size of snake
who just now, we defeated with countless arrows the swollen python
stravimus innumeris tumidum Pythona sagittis. 460
hyperbole-bragging
covering with his deadly belly so many acres.
[[tu face nescio quos esto contentus amores
[[frame]]
you be content to kindle some love affair or other with your
inritare tua, nec laudes adsere nostras!]]'
torch, and do not lay claim to our praises as yours.”
filius huic Veneris 'figat tuus omnia, Phoebe,
the son of Venus says to this man: let your bow
te meus arcus' ait; 'quantoque animalia cedunt
correlatives
pierce all (living things), oh Appolo, let my bow pierce you by as much
cuncta deo, tanto minor est tua gloria nostra.' 465
as all living things, yield to a god by just so much is your glory lesser than ours.”
dixit et eliso percussis aere pennies ---spondeic
a b a b
he spoke and having crashed the air with his beating wings
inpiger umbrosa Parnasi constitit arce
swift(ly) he stood on the shady summit of Parnassus
eque sagittifera prompsit duo tela pharetra
and from the arrow bearing quiver he brought forth two weapons
diversorum operum: fugat hoc, facit illud amorem;
a b a b antithesis- 2 dif. jobs
of different functions: this (one) repels (love), that one creates love;
quod facit, auratum est et cuspide fulget acuta, 470
a b c a b
(the weapon) which creates (love) is golden and gleams with its sharp tip,
quod fugat, obtusum est et habet sub harundine plumbum.
Parallelism A (quod) B C A B
(the weapon) which dispels (love), is blunt and has lead at the tip of its shaft.
hoc deus in nympha Peneide fixit, at illo
the god shot this one in the nymph daughter of Peneius, but he wounded the
laesit Apollineas traiecta per ossa medullas;
prolepsis- wounded before bone pierced
marrow of Apollo through (his) pierced bones with that one;
protinus alter amat, fugit altera nomen amantis
immediately one loves, the other flees the name of the lover
silvarum latebris captivarumque ferarum 475
rejoicing in the refuge of the forest and with the hide of captures
exuviis gaudens innuptaeque aemula Phoebes:
beasts and (she is) a rival of maiden Diana:
vitta coercebat positos sine lege capillos.
A headband was holding back (her) hair having been arranged w/o order.
multi illam petiere, illa aversata petentes
a b a b double polyptaton
many men sought her; she having rejected those seeking (her)
inpatiens expersque viri nemora avia lustrat
impatient and without the experience of a man, she roams the remote groves
nec, quid Hymen, quid Amor, quid sint conubia curat. 480
1 2 3
and she does not care what marriage, what love, what wedding rites might be.
saepe pater dixit: 'generum mihi, filia, debes,'
A B
(her) father often said “oh daughter, you owe me a son in law”
saepe pater dixit: 'debes mihi, nata, nepotes';
B A
(her) father often said: “oh daughter, you owe me grandchildren”
illa velut crimen taedas exosa iugales
she hating the marriage torches as if (they were) a crime
pulchra verecundo suffuderat ora rubore
A B C A B= movement of blush
is covered with respect to her beautiful face by a modest blush
inque patris blandis haerens cervice lacertis 485
A B C A B =arms around
and clinging to her fathers neck with her coaxing arms
'da mihi perpetua, genitor carissime,' dixit
hyperbaton=forever virgin
she said: give me, oh most dear father, to enjoy perpetual virginity!
'virginitate frui! dedit hoc pater ante Dianae.'
Before (Diana’s) father gave this to Diana.”
ille quidem obsequitur, sed te decor iste quod optas
indeed he complied, but that charm of yours forbids you to be what
esse vetat, votoquetuo tua forma repugnat:
a b b a
you wish, and your beauty opposes your prayer:
[[Phoebus amat visaeque cupit conubia Daphnes]], 490
a b c b a hysteron proteron
Phoebus loves and wants marriage with Daphne having been seen
quodque cupit, sperat, suaque illum oracula fallunt,
a b c a b-can’t get what you want
and that which he desires he hopes (for) and his own oracles fail him,
utque leves stipulae demptis adolentur aristis,
and just as thin stock after the grains (of wheat) have been harvested are burned
ut facibus saepes ardent, quas forte viator
just as the hedges blaze because of torches, which by chance a traveler has
vel nimis admovit vel iam sub luce reliquit,
a b a b
moved too close or has now left (behind) just before dawn,
sic deus in flammas abiit, sic pectore toto 495
a b c a b- from god to god in love
the god went away in flames thus he is burned in his
uritur et sterilem sperando nutrit amorem.
A b c a b
Whole heart and nourishes a barren love by hopin.
spectat inornatos collo pendere capillos
he gazes at her unadorned hair(s) hanging on (her) neck
et 'quid, si comantur?' ait. videt igne micantes
polysyndaton, anaphora
and he says “what, if (her) hair should be combed?” e sees her eyes
sideribus similes oculos, videt oscula, quae non
shining with fire similar to the stars, he sees her lips, which is not enough
est vidisse satis; laudat digitosque manusque 500
to have seen; he praises both her fingers and her hands
bracchiaque et nudos media plus parte lacertos;
and her upper arms more than half exposed;
si qua latent, meliora putat. fugit ocior aura
a b a b
whatever charms lie hidden he imagines are better, that one flees swifter
illa levi neque ad haec revocantis verba resistit:
than the light air and she doesn’t stop at these words of the one calling her:
'nympha, precor, Penei, mane! non insequor hostis;
a b c a b
“oh nymph, I pray oh daughter of Peneus, stay! I don’t pursue you as an enemy;
nympha, mane! sic agna lupum, sic cerva leonem, 505
1 2
oh nymph, stay! In such a way a lamb flees the wolf, the doe a lion,
sic aquilam penna fugiunt trepidante columbae,
3 multiple caesura: he wants her to stop
in such a way the doves flee the eagle with a trembling wing,
hostes quaeque suos: amor est mihi causa sequendi!
Each one flees his enemy but love is my reason of following you!
me miserum! ne prona cadas indignave laedi
1
poor me! May you not fall on your face of let the thorny bushes not harm
crura notent sentes et sim tibi causa doloris!
2 3
Your legs undeserving to be wounded and my I not be the causes of your pain!
aspera, qua properas, loca sunt: moderatius, oro, 510
the palces where you rush are harsh, I beg you run slowly,
curre fugamque inhibe, moderatius insequar ipse.
And restrain your flight, I myself will pursue (you) more slowly.
cui placeas, inquire tamen: non incola montis,
Nevertheless ask to whom you are pleasing; I am not the inhabitant of
non ego sum pastor, non hic armenta gregesque
anaphora/tricolon: non
I am not a shepherd, I do not watch over here herds and fox
horridus observo. nescis, temeraria, nescis,
anaphora
as a hick,you do not know, oh rash one, you do not know
quem fugias, ideoque fugis: mihi Delphica tellus 515
polyptaton
whom you are fleeing, and for that reason, you flee, the Delphic land
et Claros et Tenedos Patareaque regia servit;
polysyndaton
and Claro and Tenedos and the kingdom of Patarea serve me;
Iuppiter est genitor; per me, quod eritque fuitque
Jupiter is (my) father; through me what will be and what was and
estque, patet; per me concordant carmina nervis.
What is, is revealed; through me songs harmonize with the strings of the lyre.
certa quidem nostra est, nostra tamen una sagitta
a b c b a= cupid’s certain arrow
indeed my arrow is certain, nevertheless one arrow which has
certior, in vacuo quae vulnera pectore fecit! 520
made wounds in my empty heart is more certain than mine!
inventum medicina meum est, opiferque per orbem
dicor, et herbarum subiecta potentia nobis.
ei mihi, quod nullis amor est sanabilis herbis
nec prosunt domino, quae prosunt omnibus, artes!'
Plura locuturum timido Peneia cursu 525
^transphered epithet
Peneia escaped (him) about to say more (Things) with a fearful race
fugit cumque ipso verba inperfecta reliquit,
a b b a
To say more and she left behind (his) unfinished words with the (god) himself.
tum quoque visa decens; nudabant corpora venti,
1
then also she seemed beautiful, the winds were laying bare her body
obviaque adversas vibrabant flamina vestes,
a b 2c a b +parallellism
and the oncoming gusts were fluttering her clothes facing (the winds),
et levis inpulsos retro dabat aura capillos,
a b 3c a b hyperbatons+^
and the light breeze was sending back her hair having been stuck
auctaque forma fuga est. sed enim non sustinet ultra 530
and her beauty was increased with her flight but in fact the young god was not
perdere blanditias iuvenis deus, utque monebat
able to waste any further is compliments as love himself
ipse Amor, admisso sequitur vestigia passu.
Assonance of a
Was advising him, he follows her tracks with his pace having been let loose
ut canis in vacuo leporem cum Gallicus arvo
simile
just as when a Gallic hound has seen a rabbit in an open
vidit, et hic praedam pedibus petit, ille salutem; *antithesis
a b pleonasm c a b
field, and as this one pursues (his) prey with his feet, the one (seeks) safety;
alter inhaesuro similis iam iamque tenere 535
the one like (an animal) about to seize its prey with its teeth now and agai
sperat et extento stringit vestigia rostro,
he hopes to hold it and he draws close to its tracks having outstretched his muzzle
alter in ambiguo est, an sit conprensus, et ipsis
the other is uncertain whether it has been caught and he rips himself
morsibus eripitur tangentiaque ora relinquit:
a b b a
from the jaws themselves and he escapes from its mouth as it is touching him:
sic deus et virgo est hic spe celer, illa timore. *aside
a b c a b
Thus the god and the maiden, this one is quick because of hope, the other because of fear
qui tamen insequitur pennis adiutus Amoris, 540
(the one) who nevertheless is pursuing, having been assisted by the wings of love
ocior est requiemque negat tergoque fugacis
a b c 1 b a
is swifter and he denies (her) rest and he presses closely on the back of the one
inminet et crinem sparsum cervicibus adflat.
A 2 b c b 3a
Who is fleeing and he breathes on her hair scattered on her neck.
viribus absumptis expalluit illa citaeque
with her strengths having been exhausted she grew pale and having been
victa labore fugae spectans Peneidas undas
overcome by the work of (her) swift flight, while watching the waters of the river
'fer, pater,' inquit 'opem! si flumina numen habetis, 545
a b c b a
Panaeius, she says “bring (me) help, oh father! If (you) rivers have divine power,
qua nimium placui, mutando perde figuram!'
that which I pleased too much, lose my outward appearance by changing!”
[quae facit ut laedar mutando perde figuram.]
destroy the beauty with which I have changed too much by changing it!
vix prece finita torpor gravis occupat artus,
*multiple caesurae- stops to change
scarcely having finished her prayer, a serious paralysis occupies her limbs,
mollia cinguntur tenui praecordia libro,
a c b a b
her soft breast is encircled by a thin bark,
in frondem crines, in ramos bracchia crescunt, 550
A B A B
her hair(s) grows into the foliage, her forearms grow into branches,
pes modo tam velox pigris radicibus haeret, spondeic
A B B A
her foot recently so swift clings in motionless roots,
ora cacumen habet: remanet nitor unus in illa. dactylic
A treetop holds her head: her beauty alone remains in her.
Hanc quoque Phoebus amat positaque in stipite dextra
1
Phoebus also loves this (tree) and he felt with his right hand having
sentit adhuc trepidare novo sub cortice pectus
2
been placed on the trunk of the tree (her) heart still beating under the new bark
conplexusque suis ramos ut membra lacertis 555
a b b a = hug
and having embraced the branches as f they were her arms with his own arms
oscula dat ligno; refugit tamen oscula lignum. *anaphora
a 3 b c a b
Gives kisses to the wood; but the wood repels the kisses.
cui deus 'at, quoniam coniunx mea non potes esse,
to whom the god said: but, since you cannot be my wife,
arbor eris certe' dixit 'mea! semper habebunt
you will certainly be my tree! (my) hair will always hold you, my lyres will always
te coma, te citharae, te nostrae, laure, pharetrae;
1 2 3
hold you, oh laurel tree, and my quivers will always hold you;
tu ducibus Latiis aderis, cum laeta Triumphum 560
you will be present for the latin leaders when the joyful voice will sing
vox canet et visent longas Capitolia pompas;
a b b a
triumph and the Capitoline hill will gaze upon the long processions;
postibus Augustis eadem fidissima custos
you will stand in front of the doors as the same most faithful guardian
ante fores stabis mediamque tuebere quercum,
for the Augustan gates and you will watch over the oak garland (hung) in the middle (of the doorway),
utque meum intonsis caput est iuvenale capillis,
a b c a b
and just as my head is bound with its uncut hair is young,
tu quoque perpetuos semper gere frondis honores!' 565
you also always bear everlasting honors of your foliage!
finierat Paean: factis modo laurea ramis
the Paean had finished; the laurel tree nodded with her recently made
adnuit utque caput visa est agitasse cacumen.
a b c a b
Branches and she seemed to have shaken her treetop as if (it were) her head.