Name ______Date ______

Chapter 37: Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

  1. What is a neuron?

Section 37.1

  1. Label the diagram of the neuron structure shown below. The red arrows indicate the direction of the impulse

  1. What is the gap between neurons called and how does the electrical impulse pass from one neuron to the next?
  1. What is the function of glia in vertebrates and most invertebrates?
  1. There are three different types of neurons making up the nervous system. Discuss what each of the neurons does and controls:
  2. Sensory neurons:
  1. Interneurons:
  1. Motor neurons:
  1. Give the two divisions of the nervous systems and the organs making each up.

Section 37.2

  1. What are the net charges inside and outside of a cell?
  1. What is meant by membrane potential mean and what is the resting potential of a resting neuron?
  1. Discuss the sodium-potassium pump do? How many of each ion moves across the membrane & in which direction?
  1. Below is an illustration of the basis of the membrane potential. Label all part including the charges

  1. What are ion channels?
  1. What is actually generating a membrane potential?
  1. If the potassium ion concentration is 140-mV inside the cell and its concentration is 5mV outside the cell, in which direction will the potassium ions diffuse through the potassium ion channels of the cell membrane?
  1. What does the above then cause to happen to the charge inside the cell?
  1. What is the major source of membrane potential therefore?
  1. What stops the buildup of the negative charge?
  1. Referring to the diagram below, what will be the net movement of K+ ions in diagram (a) and Na+ ions in diagram (b)?

  1. What is equilibrium potential (Eion)?

Section 37.3

  1. What are gated ion channels and what does their opening or closing do to the membrane’s permeability?
  1. Define each:
  2. Hyperpolarization
  1. Depolarization
  1. What controls graded potential?
  1. What is an action potential?
  1. What actually causes an action potential?
  1. What does the term threshold mean in regard to action potentials and what is it for mammalian cells?
  1. What is meant by an all or none response to a stimulus?
  1. Fill in the missing terms showing the role of voltage-gated ion channels in the generation of an action potential

  1. Use the graph above to give the following membrane potentials:
  2. Resting potential
  1. Threshold potential
  1. Action potential peak
  1. Define what a refractory period is.
  1. Label the parts of the neuron below during salutatory conduction

  1. Discuss a Saltatory conduction as it pertains to action potential.
  1. What is the purpose for the myelin sheath?

Section 37.4

  1. Looking at the figure below, answer the following questions.

a. What is the term for the gap between neurons

b. Name the vesicles containing the chemical which will bridge the gap

c. What does the above vesicle contain?

d. What term would you use for the axon membrane from the first neuron?

e. Term for the membrane receiving the action potential?

f. What ion must diffuse into the terminal of the first neuron before the action potential may continue?

g. How does the action potential continue into the membrane of the second neuron?

  1. Differentiate between inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potential