Rao et al. 2011. Effects of natural and anthropogenic gradients on native and exotic winter annuals in a southern California Desert. Plant Ecology X:yy-zz.
Online Resource 2. Soil characteristics and species lists for the high-disturbance area (A) and landscape gradient (B) datasets.
A1. Soil characteristics from the high-disturbance area. Mean values with standard errors in parentheses are provided.
site / Sand% / % Rock Cover / % Bare Ground / Total N (g m-2) / Total C (g m-2) / Inorganic N (g m-2)A / 85.8
(1.6) / 1.2
(0.7) / 16.8
(4.1) / 69.4
(8.3) / 573.0
(70.4) / 2.7
(0.3)
B / 80.0
(1.8) / 3.4
(1.8) / 4.5
(1.1) / 82.1
(4.9) / 894.2
(58.0) / 2.1
(0.2)
C / 77.8
(1.1) / 3.4
(1.5) / 7.1
(2.2) / 53.7
(7.7) / 482.3
(62.1) / 1.6
(0.2)
D / 82.7
(1.0) / 2.3
(1.4) / 10.1
(2.9) / 67.3
(7.6) / 716.1
(86.4) / 2.3
(0.4)
E / 77.2
(1.8) / 6.0
(2.3) / 13.4
(3.7) / 67.7
(2.8) / 608.5
(32.0) / 1.7
(0.2)
F / 86.8
(1.2) / 4.1
(1.7) / 40.8
(3.2) / 66.2
(8.9) / 601.8
(126.1) / 1.3
(0.2)
A2. List of the native and exotic annuals found in the high-disturbance area sites. Scores indicate the number of modified 168.3m2 NAWMA plots (six plots per site) each species was found in per site (A-F). Cover data (not shown) were used in analyses of exotic species, and richness in analyses of native species.
Exotic Forb
Asteraceae / Sonchus oleraceus / 1
Brassicaceae / Brassica tournefortii / 6 / 6 / 6 / 6 / 6 / 6
Geraniaceae / Erodium cicutarium / 6 / 6 / 6 / 6 / 6 / 6
Exotic Grass
Poaceae / Bromus diandrus / 1
Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens / 4 / 4 / 6 / 1 / 6 / 6
Bromus tectorum / 4
Hordeum murinum / 1
Schismus spp.* / 6 / 6 / 6 / 6 / 6 / 6
Native Annual
Asteraceae / Chaenactis fremontii / 6 / 3 / 6 / 1 / 3 / 6
Eriophyllum wallacei / 1
Filago californica / 6 / 6 / 6 / 6 / 1
Filago depressa / 2 / 6
Lasthenia coronaria / 1
Lasthenia californica / 5 / 1
Malacothrix glabrata / 6 / 2 / 6 / 4 / 6
Rafinesquia neomexicana / 2 / 6 / 3 / 6
Stephanomeria exigua / 5 / 1
Stylocline gnaphaloides / 1 / 6 / 4
Boraginaceae / Amsinckia menziesii / 6
Cryptantha circumscissa / 3
Cryptantha decipiens / 1
Cryptantha intermedia / 2 / 1 / 5 / 6 / 6
Cryptantha maritima / 1 / 5
Cryptantha micrantha / 1 / 3
Cryptantha nevadensis / 1
Pectocarya heterocarpa / 3 / 1 / 5 / 2 / 4 / 6
Pectocarya linearis / 6 / 4 / 5 / 6 / 6 / 6
Pectocarya platycarpa / 4
Pectocarya recurvata / 3 / 3 / 5 / 6 / 6
Brassicaceae / Lepidium lasiocarpum / 1 / 1 / 6
Tropidocarpum gracile / 4 / 1 / 1
Caryophyllaceae / Loeflingia squarrosa / 2 / 5 / 6
Crassulaceae / Crassula connata / 6 / 6 / 6 / 6 / 6 / 6
Fabaceae / Lotus strigosus / 6 / 2 / 5 / 6 / 4
Lupinus sparsiflorus / 2
Hydrophyllaceae / Emmenanthe penduliflora / 6
Phacelia distans / 1 / 5 / 3 / 6
Pholistoma membranaceum / 6 / 5 / 6 / 6 / 6
Lamiaceae / Salvia columbariae / 1 / 1
Loasaceae / Mentzelia sp. / 2 / 1 / 2
Onagraceae / Camissonia californica / 6 / 5
Camissonia pallida / 6 / 4 / 2 / 1 / 6
Native Annual
Plantaginaceae / Plantago ovata / 1 / 6
Poaceae / Vulpia microstachys / 1
Vulpia octoflora / 6 / 6 / 4 / 1 / 6
Polemoniaceae / Eriastrum diffusum / 3
Eriastrum sp. / 3
Gilia angelensis / 1
Gilia maculatus / 2
Linanthus bigelovii / 2 / 1
Loeseliastrum schottii / 3
Polgonaceae / Chorizanthe brevicornu / 1 / 2 / 4 / 6
Pterostegia drymarioides / 1 / 2
Portulaceaea / Calyptridium monandrum / 6
total natives / 46
total species / 54
*Schismus barbatus + Schismus arabicus
B1. Site characteristics from the landscape gradient sites. Mean values with standard errors in parentheses are provided when available.
1 / 95.5
(0.7) / 8.2
(3.9) / 14.7
(6.6) / 71.8
(9.7) / 684.0
(134.8) / 2.2
(0.2) / 0.7
(0.2) / 186 / 10.3
2 / 81.0
(1.3) / 15.2
(2.1) / 22.6
(3.1) / 42.0
(4.5) / 364.1
(41.4) / 1.0
(0.1) / 14.3
(5.1) / 159 / 9.6
3 / 84.3
(2.3) / 36.2
(8.8) / 30.1
(0.9) / 44.8
(1.3) / 320.7
(26.9) / 1.7
(0.1) / 1.1
(0.5) / 113 / 14.8
4 / 88.1
(0.5) / 18.7
(1.9) / 51.7
(1.3) / 22.0
(5.6) / 129.7
(18.9) / 1.1
(0.1) / 1.7
(0.6) / 104 / 9.7
5 / 89.6
(1.3) / 29.3
(0.7) / 48.2
(2.2) / 56.1
(4.4) / 345.1
(30.9) / 0.5
(0.1) / 22.6
(4.9) / 117 / 7.8
6 / 86.4
(1.3) / 61.1
(6.7) / 38.8
(1.5) / 55.6
(14.7) / 509.5
(169.6) / 0.9
(0.1) / 18.0
(8.7) / 79 / 3.7
7 / 76.1
(0.5) / 22.8
(0.6) / 57.9
(7.8) / 28.6
(4.2) / 174.8
(18.1) / 0.4
(0.1) / 22.6
(11.6) / 91 / 2.4
B2. List of native and exotic annual species from the landscape gradient sites. Scores indicate the number of hectare plots per site (three plots per site) in which each species was found. Cover data (not shown) were used in analyses of exotic species; richness and presence-absence data were used in analyses of native species.
Exotic Forb
Asteraceae / Lactuca serriola / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Sonchus oleraceus / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 0 / 0
Brassicaceae / Brassica tournefortii / 3 / 0 / 3 / 2 / 3 / 3 / 3
Sisymbrium irio / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0
Geraniaceae / Erodium cicutarium / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3
Exotic Grass
Poaceae / Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens / 1 / 0 / 3 / 1 / 3 / 0 / 1
Bromus tectorum / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0
Hordeum murinum / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0
Schismus spp. / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3
Native Annuals
Asteraceae / Achyronychia cooperi / 0 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 0 / 1 / 2
Calycoseris parryi / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0
Chaenactis carphoclinia / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 2
Chaenactis fremontii / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 0 / 3
Chaenactis glabriuscula / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Chaenactis stevioides / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 2
Eriophyllum wallacei / 2 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 3
Filago californica / 3 / 3 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Filago depressa / 0 / 2 / 0 / 3 / 3 / 2 / 3
Filago sp. / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Geraea canescens / 0 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 0 / 0 / 0
Lasthenia coronaria / 3 / 3 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Layia glandulosa / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0
Malacothrix glabrata / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3
Monoptilon bellioides / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 2 / 2
Rafinesquia neomexicana / 3 / 3 / 3 / 2 / 3 / 0 / 2
Stephanomeria exigua / 2 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 0 / 2
Stylocline gnaphaloides / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Trichoptilium incisum / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0
Uropappus lindleyi / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1
Boraginaceae / Amsinckia menziesii / 3 / 2 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Amsinckia tessellata / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 3
Cryptantha angustifolia / 0 / 1 / 1 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3
Cryptantha barbigera / 1 / 0 / 3 / 0 / 3 / 3 / 3
Cryptantha circumscissa / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Cryptantha decipiens / 0 / 2 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Cryptantha dumatorum / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 3
Cryptantha intermedia / 3 / 3 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Cryptantha maritima / 0 / 0 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 2
Cryptantha micrantha / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 2
Cryptantha nevadensis / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 2 / 3
Cryptantha pterocarya / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 3
Pectocarya heterocarpa / 1 / 2 / 2 / 2 / 3 / 0 / 3
Pectocarya linearis / 0 / 1 / 3 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Pectocarya penicillata / 3 / 3 / 0 / 2 / 0 / 0 / 3
Pectocarya peninsularis / 0 / 2 / 0 / 2 / 3 / 0 / 3
Pectocarya platycarpa / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 2 / 1 / 3
Pectocarya recurvata / 0 / 2 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3
Brassicaceae / Caulanthus cooperi / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 3
Descurainia pinnata / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 3
Guillenia lasiophylla / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2
Lepidium lasiocarpum / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 2 / 0 / 3
Thysanocarpus curvipes / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Campanulaceae / Nemacladus glanduliferous var. glanduliferous / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 0 / 0
Nemacladus rubescens / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 0 / 0
Nemacladus sp. / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0
Nemacladus longiflorus / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Caryophyllaceae / Loeflingia squarrosa / 2 / 3 / 0 / 3 / 1 / 0 / 0
Crassulaceae / Crassula connata / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 2 / 0
Euphorbiaceae / Euphorbia polycarpa / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0
Fabaceae / Astragalus bernardinus / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0
Lotus salsuginosus / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 0
Lotus sp. / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Lotus strigosus / 2 / 3 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 3
Lupinus arizonicus / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 3 / 0
Lupinus concinnus / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 3
Lupinus sparsiflorus / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Geraniaceae / Erodium texanum / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 2
Hydrophyllaceae / Emmenanthe penduliflora / 0 / 3 / 0 / 1 / 2 / 0 / 0
Eucrypta micrantha / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1
Gilia splendens / 0 / 2 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Nama demissum / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 3 / 3
Phacelia campanularia / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 0 / 1
Phacelia crenulata / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 3 / 2 / 0
Phacelia distans / 3 / 3 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 0 / 3
Pholistoma membranaceum / 3 / 3 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 3
Lamiaceae / Salvia columbariae / 1 / 3 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 3 / 3
Loasaceae / Mentzelia affinis / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 2 / 3
Mentzelia involucrata / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 0 / 0
Mentzelia sp. / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1
Malvaceae / Eremalche rotundifolia / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1
Nyctaginaceae / Abronia villosa var. aurita / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Onagraceae / Camissonia boothii / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 3
Camissonia californica / 2 / 3 / 1 / 0 / 3 / 0 / 0
Camissonia claviformis / 0 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3
Camissonia pallida / 3 / 3 / 2 / 3 / 2 / 0 / 0
Camissonia refracta / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 0
Papaveraceae / Eschscholzia minutiflora / 0 / 2 / 1 / 0 / 3 / 0 / 0
Eschscholzia parishii / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 1
Plantaginaceae / Plantago ovata / 0 / 2 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 3
Plantago patagonica / 0 / 3 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Poaceae / Bromus carinatus / 3 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Bromus trinii / 0 / 2 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Vulpia octoflora / 3 / 3 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1
Polemoniaceae / Eriastrum diffusum / 0 / 3 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 3
Eriastrum sp. / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Linanthus aureus / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1
Linanthus bigelovii / 0 / 3 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 2
Linanthus dianthiflorus / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Linanthus jonesii / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 0 / 0
Linanthus sp. / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Loeseliastrum schottii / 0 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 3 / 0 / 3
Polygonaceae / Centrostegia thurberi / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1
Chorizanthe brevicornu / 0 / 3 / 1 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3
Chorizanthe rigida / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1
Eriogonum tomasii / 0 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 0 / 3 / 3
Lastarriaea coriacea / 0 / 2 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Pterostegia drymarioides / 2 / 3 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0
Portulaceae / Calyptridium monandrum / 1 / 2 / 0 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 1
Scrophulariaceae / Antirrhinum fillipes / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 2
Mimulus bigelovii / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1
Total Natives / 101
Total Species / 110
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