LESSON:

OBJECTIVE:

To develop the students understanding of

ELEMENTS:

Elements of Emergency Approach and Landing

·  Prompt Establishment of the best glide airspeed and the recommended configuration

·  How to select a suitable emergency landing area

·  Planning and execution of approach to the selected landing area

·  Use of emergency checklist

·  Importance of attempting to determine reason for the malfunction

·  Importance of dividing attention between flying the approach and accomplishing emergency checklist

·  Techniques that can be used to compensate for undershooting or overshooting selected emergency landing area

Common Errors related to Emergency Approach and Landing

·  Improper airspeed control

·  Poor judgement in the selection of an emergency landing area

·  Failure to estimate the approximate wind speed and direction

·  Failure to fly the most suitable pattern for existing situation

·  Failure to accomplish the emergency checklist

·  Undershooting or overshooting selected emergency landing area

SCHEDULE:

·  20 Minutes

EQUIPMENT:

·  Appropriate textbooks

·  Chalkboard & chalk

·  Model aircraft

·  Appropriate slides/Visual Aids

INSTRUCTORS ACTIONS:

·  Discuss lesson objective

·  Introduce the concept of Emergency Approach and Landing

·  Discuss elements of, proper procedures, and common errors related to Emergency Approach and Landing

·  Ask pertinent questions to determine students understanding

·  Assign appropriate study material

STUDENTS ACTIONS:

·  Listen, take notes, ask questions

·  Respond to instructors questions

·  Leave with a framework understanding of the subject

COMPLETEION STANDARDS:

The student should demonstrate adequate understanding of Emergency Approach and Landing by:

successfully completing an oral quiz or written exam

Introduction

Attention/Motivation

Overview

This lesson will discuss elements of, proper procedures, and common errors related to Emergency Approach and Landing

DEVELOPMENT

·  Good pilots are always prepared for an emergency that could cause a forced landing

·  In order to deal with an emergency it is important that you keep up situational awareness at all times

Elements of Emergency Approach and Landing

1.  Maintain Control

·  First priority is to fly the plane

1.  Establish Best Glide Speed

·  Pitch for airspeed (C172RG 65 knots)

·  Trim to relieve control pressures

·  If the airplane has a constant speed prop, pull it full back, high pitch/low RPM

1.  Identify a suitable landing area

·  First look for an airport

·  Flat open field

·  Roads are generally not good choices

·  Don’t forget to look straight down below the airplane

·  Preferably an area that will allow you to land into the wind

1.  Get to the landing spot

·  Using any combination of normal gliding procedures necessary (S-turns, spirals, etc) should arrive downwind at the normal traffic pattern altitude 1000’ AGL

·  Overall object is to have a nice stabilized descent and approach

1.  Trouble shoot

·  Time permitting, while you are descending to the landing spot, troubleshoot

·  Develop a flow procedure

  1. Gas – On, Left/Right
  2. Carburetor Heat – On
  3. Mixture – Full Rich
  4. Fuel Pump – On
  5. Magnetos – On, Left/Right

·  Use checklist & or POH

1.  Declare emergency

·  121.5

·  Squawk 7700

1.  Secure

·  After an attempt to restart has failed secure the plane for a forced landing

·  Turn fuel off

·  Mixture idle cutoff

·  Magnetos off

1.  Plan to fly a normal power off approach

·  Advisable not to add flaps until you determine you will not be low on final

1.  Final approach

·  Gear Down

·  Add flaps

·  Once gear is down and checked, and flaps are down, turn master off

·  Check seatbelts

·  Crack open doors

·  If it appears you might overshoot your spot:

  1. Move props to full forward, Low pitch/High RPM
  2. Establish a side-slip

1.  Landing

·  Flare should be normal

·  Touchdown should be nose high at stall speed

Common Errors related to Emergency Approach and Landing

Improper airspeed control

·  Quickly establish a pitch for best glide

·  Trim for hands off stabilized descent

Poor judgement in the selection of an emergency landing area

·  It will be possible to glide there

·  Clear of hazards

·  Into the wind

·  If a plowed field, parallel to the plow rows

Failure to estimate the approximate wind speed and direction

·  Use trees, flags, dust, smoke, or swells

·  Landing with a tail wind increases the ground speed and could cause an overshoot

Failure to fly the most suitable pattern for existing situation

·  If right above a suitable spot, use a spiral. Doesn’t have to be a straight glide

Failure to accomplish the emergency checklist

·  Might be able to restart or restore partial power

·  Could cause more damage on landing than necessary

Undershooting or overshooting selected emergency landing area

·  Don’t put in flaps too early

·  Pull back the prop to extend the glide

·  Push the prop forward to slow the airspeed and increase the descent rate

·  In an emergency it’s OK to slip with full flaps

CONCLUSION

·  Keep situational awareness the entire time

·  Fly the plane

·  Establish and trim for best glide

·  Find a spot to land

·  Trouble shoot

·  Fly a normal power off approach