The Cold War in the 1960’s
1960 Election
• ______running mate
• Kennedy won because of his impressive show on the first national T.V. debate.
Richard Nixon
• ______running mate.
• Lost by only ______votes.
New Frontier
• Kennedy promised “______”.
• Idea was to improve the lives of all Americans.
• Problems: unemployment, cold war tension, missile gap, sluggish economy, foreign aid, and civil rights.
Bay of Pigs
• CIA was training an army in ______(Guatemala) for a landing to overthrow Fidel Castro.
• CIA was expecting the invasion to ______an ______uprising in Cuba.
Invasion
• April 17, 1961
• A force of ______landed at the ______on the south coast of Cuba.
Complete Failure
• Landing site was too far from ______that gave protection.
• ______never came.
• Castro’s army ______the landing force and wiped it out in 3 days – 1,200 taken prisoner.
Proved There Were Limits To Power!!
Berlin Crisis
• ______to world peace in the 1960’s.
• ______threatened to sign treaty with East Germany which would give them control of Berlin.
• Western powers: ______.,______and ______controlled Berlin.
Start of the Wall
• July 1961 ______and ______meet with no solution.
• U.S. activated an army into ______in a show of force.
• August 13 Soviet began ______between ______and ______Germany.
Show of Weakness
• Berlin Wall was a confession of ______but the communist felt it was better than the ______of East Germany.
• October ______dropped the threat to sign a treaty with East Germany.
Cuban Missile Crisis
• ______
• ______plane discovered missile launching pad under construction in Cuba.
Tension
• Kennedy orders the navy to intercept any Soviet vessels carrying missiles to Cuba.
• If missile launched it would be considered a direct attack on the U.S.
Stalemate
• Oct. 24 – 10:00 a.m. ______of Cuba begins.
• 12:00 ______ship meet U.S. ship
– Very critical time in our history.
– 6:00 receive letter from ______said Soviets would remove missiles if U.S. would not attack Cuba.
Small Victory
• Kennedy receives second letter asking to remove missiles from ______.
• Oct. 27 ______answers 1st letter.
• Oct. 28 ______agree to our terms.
Moon Program
• April 12, 1961 – Soviet ______becomes first human to orbit the earth.
• May 1961 –______announced it was time for U.S. to lead the world in space achievement.
• May 1961 – ______becomes first American to make a rocket flight.
Orbit the EARTH
• Feb. 20, 1962 ______becomes first American to orbit the earth.
Peace Corps
• Idea came from ______in 1960.
• Plan was to send men and women ______to do volunteer work in underdeveloped countries that requested ______.
Latin America
• U.S. was worried about ______influence in ______from the outset of the cold War.
• ______was never a threat.
• The dangers were ______and ______of the Latin American people themselves.
American Interest
• Most Latin American countries were under control of ______or ______, often in league with American corporations.
Resentment Toward the U.S.
• Because ______were often linked to the ruling class of Latin American countries, demands for ______and ______reform easily turned into anti-Americanism.
• Because of its long history of intervention, the U.S. was a traditional target.
U.S. Took Steps to Ensure Balance of Power
• 1954 CIA financed ______in Central American (Guatemala) which would protect American interest in that area.
• Kennedy “______” would provide funds for social progress and help promote democratic institution.
Good and Bad
• The steps helped to improve ______and ______, but too much money ended up in the hands of big business and aided military takeovers.
Ban on Nuclear Testing
• 1958 – U.S. and Soviets suspended ______.
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
• 1961 – Soviets ______during the height of the ______.
• Both sides used testing to gain diplomatic leverage.
• 1963 – Kennedy proposed to ban atmospheric testing and sign the ______with the Soviet Union and Britain.
HOT LINE
• ______installed between ______and ______to prevent nuclear war.