Unit 9 Test Review

  1. Know when the era of Cattle drives and war with Native Americans.

1860-1900 was known as the time era of cattle drives and wars with Indians

  1. How were the American Indians affected after the Civil War?

Most were forced to move onto Indian reservations in Oklahoma

  1. Know the following people and events:
  2. Buffalo SoldiersAfrican American soldiers who were assigned by the US Army to keep peace with the Native Americans
  3. Native AmericansFought to preserve their way of life and their land, as settlers moved west
  4. Quanah ParkerLast chief of the Comanches, who roamed W. Texas; he worked, as did his mother Cynthia Ann Parker, to establish peace with the white culture; he assimilated to American culture, and encouraged other Indians to do the same
  5. James HoggWorked to protect Texans from unfair business practices of the railroads, by creating the Texas Railroad Commission
  6. QuinceaneraA celebration recognizing Mexican teenage girls achieving maturity (15th birthday)
  7. Range WarsFarmers and Ranchers battled between each other; they cut and destroyed fences, burned pasture land that resulted in gun fights and lowered property values. Texas government ruled that fence cutting was a felony charge.
  8. Growth of RailroadsAs the railroads began to grow and stretch further westward, new cities and towns began to pop along rail lines, further moving people westward in the frontier areas of Texas.
  9. Know the 3 major reasons for Westward Expansion.

Demand for beef in the northern and eastern US, large amounts of available land, large supply of wild longhorn cattle on the frontier

  1. How was the cattle industry affected after the Civil War?

There was a large demand for beef in the northern and eastern US

6. What year did the Civil War end, and what happened to the cattle trails in Texas after 1865? (map on board)After the Civil War in 1865, many more cattle trails opened up to supply the large demand for beef

  1. Explain how the invention of the windmill changed West Texas. What did the climate have to do with this invention?

The harsh, dry climate on the frontier made it almost impossible to farm in West Texas. The invention of the windmill made it possible to pump ground water to the surface to irrigate crops. This expanded the farming industry in West Texas.

  1. Why was ranching more common in west Texas than farming?Lack of available fresh water (before the invention of the windmill)
  2. Know where farming and ranching were most common in Texas.

Farming occurred in East Texas, and ranching occurred in West Texas…reason: lack of water in West Texas for farming.

  1. Know how the Mexican culture has had a lasting affect on Texas. What are the major Mexican cultural influences in Texas?

Architecture, celebrations, food, language, art, traditions

  1. Know why and where Mexican and German immigrants settled in Texas.

Germans settled in Central Texas for cheap land and good climate; Mexicans settled in South Texas, near the border and came mostly because of the available farm and ranch land

  1. What lead to the closing of the open range? Why?

Farmers used fences to keep cattle, sheep, and goats within their property. This kept cattle drives from coming through the territory, closing the open range and forcing the cattle industry to work by rail.