WHAP

Chapter 2 Guided Reading

New Civilizations in the Eastern and Western Hemisphere, 2200-250 BCE

Define Key Terms

  1. Shang Dynasty______
  1. Divination______
  1. Zhou Dynasty ______
  1. Mandate of Heaven ______
  1. yin/yang ______
  1. Legalism______
  1. Confucius ______
  1. Daoism ______
  1. Kush ______
  1. llama ______

Multiple-Choice Questions

  1. According to the chapter, why was China’s development unique?
  2. It had a small population.
  3. It was geographically separate from the rest of East Asia.
  4. China lagged behind the rest of the world in development.
  5. Most of the country was desert.
  6. It never developed agriculture.
  1. The crops of China vary by region,
  2. millet in the north and beans in the south.
  3. Wheat and millet in the north and rice in the south.
  4. Yams in the south and rice in the north.
  5. Barley in the south and rice in the north.
  6. Barley in the east and hops in the west.
  1. The Chinese acquired silk by
  2. encouraging Chinese silk pirates who raided merchant shipping.
  3. Importing raw silk fro Europe.
  4. Hiring Japanese labor to work in textile mills.
  5. Conquest of the neighboring Mongol regions.
  6. Raising silk worms, and pioneering silk cloth production.
  1. What does the practice of feng shui accomplish?
  2. It is part of the process in silk production.
  3. It orients buildings in harmony with the heavens.
  4. It scares away ghosts of the ancestors.
  5. It is a treatment in traditional Chinese medicine.
  6. It is a term for “Divine Judgment,” a kind of karmic response from Heaven.
  1. According to the text, what is the legacy of the Chinese writing system developed during the Shang Dynasty?
  2. Since many could write, power was shared with the majority, resulting in the early development of democracy.
  3. Writing developed discipline, and universal literacy.
  4. It caused a rise in technological development, resulting in a “Chinese Industrial Revolution.”
  5. It endured to unify people of essentially different spoken languages

(dialects).

  1. It allowed the Chinese to record their own history.
  1. During the Shang period, ancestor worship became important because
  2. ancestors had special influence with the gods.
  3. It determined the social structure.
  4. Ancestors were necessary to ensure the birth of male children.
  5. Matrilineal descent was important for fertility.
  6. It allowed people to claim specific inheritance of property.
  1. What types of possessions were signs of status and nobility and had important ritual uses?
  2. silk
  3. iron
  4. tin
  5. bronze
  6. porcelain
  1. The period at the end of the Zhou Era and just before Chinese unification is called
  2. the spring and Autumn Period.
  3. The Time of Harmony.
  4. The Warring States Period.
  5. The Era Before Empire.
  6. The Golden Age.
  1. Which of the following is NOT one of the ways that Confucian philosophy attempts to create societal harmony?
  2. by emphasizing the idea that the country is parallel to the family.
  3. By expanding the traditional feelings of benevolence toward family so that it applied to all of humanity.
  4. By the avoidance of violence, and the promotion of justice, loyalty, and dignity.
  5. By emphasizing the goodness of human nature, and seeking to promote it through education, particularly of public officials
  6. By emphasizing individual freedoms
  1. Two indigenous Chinese philosophies that emerged from the Warring States Period are
  2. Confucianism and Buddhism.
  3. Confucianism and Hinduism.
  4. Confucianism and Jainism.
  5. Confucianism and Daoism.
  6. Confucianism and Judaism.
  1. Civilization emerged in Nubia because
  2. of its location and natural wealth.
  3. Of its unique social structure.
  4. It was the destination of Egyptian religious pilgrimages.
  5. It was isolated and protected from outside influences.
  6. As an island nation, it had access to the great trade empires of the Indian OceanBasin.
  1. How did Nubia become a “corridor” for long distance trade before 3000 BCE?
  2. Government policies carefully regulated and promoted trade.
  3. Egypt built a river highway for the passage of goods.
  4. Nubia had no natural resources of its own, and so needed to import them.
  5. It connected sub-Saharan Africa with North Africa.
  6. Actually, Nubia never did participate in the African trade networks, preferring isolationism.
  1. Egypt became aggressive toward Nubia during the Middle and New Kingdom periods because
  2. it wanted to capture Nubian slaves.
  3. Nubia had been raiding across the border.
  4. It sought to control Nubian gold mines.
  5. Nubia had been diverting the flow of the Nile.
  6. The Nubian king converted to Christianity.
  1. Which of the following is NOT evidence of Egyptian cultural influence on Nubia?
  2. Nubian child hostages learned Egyptian culture, religion, and language.
  3. Nubian served as archers in the Egyptian armed forces, and so learned Egyptian culture.
  4. Nubians traded for Egyptian goods.
  5. Nubians built Egyptian style towns and temples to Egyptian gods and goddesses.
  6. Actually, due to the overwhelming force of Nubian culture, things Egyptian had no influence on them on them.
  1. The duration and isolation of Early American cultures
  2. kept them from developing many of the attributes of civilization.
  3. Prevented the formation of social classes and slavery.
  4. Distinguished them from the world’s other major cultural regions.
  5. Resulted in irreversible damage to the environment.
  6. Protected them from the ills of civilization.
  1. What plants were domesticated and formed the staple of the Mesoamerican diet?
  2. corn, beans, squash
  3. grapes, wheat, olives
  4. wheat, barley, legumes
  5. tarp, plantains, melons
  6. rice, yams, plantains
  1. Which of the following animals does NOT generally appear in Olmec religious symbolism?
  2. the crocodile
  3. the jaguar
  4. the snake
  5. the shark
  6. the bald eagle
  1. An example of the enduring impact of the Olmec on Mesoamerican life is
  2. ritual dance.
  3. Ritual song.
  4. Ritual costumes.
  5. Ritual ball games.
  6. Ritual body art.
  1. Why was Chavin de Huantar’s location pivotal in its success?
  2. It was located at the intersection of trade routes between the mountain valleys and the coastal lowlands.
  3. The rich farmland produced enormous agricultural surpluses.
  4. Isolation from Andean societies prevented corrupting outside influences.
  5. Because its elevation was so high, it was difficult to invade.
  6. Its location on the sea allowed for trade.
  1. The introduction of maize to the Andean region
  2. resulted in the overthrow of the political leadership.
  3. Caused the abandonment of all other crops.
  4. Spurred empire building.
  5. Caused widespread malnutrition because of maize’s low yield.
  6. Increased food supplies, allowing for greater urbanization.

Document Based Question (DBQ)

Hierarchy and Conduct in the Analects of Confucius

1. What are the important social categories and status distinctions in early China? What kinds of behaviors are expected of individuals in particular social categories toward individuals in other categories?

______

______

______

2. How does Confucius explain and justify the inequalities among people? Why is it important for people to behave in appropriate ways toward others? ______

3. How does the experience of family life prepare an individual to conduct himself or herself properly in the wider spheres of community and state?

______

4. Which personal qualities and kinds of actions will allow a ruler to govern successfully? Why might Confucius’s passionate concern for ethical behavior on the part of officials and rulers arise at a time when the size and power of governments was growing?

______