SCIENCE YR REVIEW Study Guide

SCIENCE YR REVIEW Study Guide

HABITATS Standard: S3L1

Location / Description / Animals / Plants
Mountains / The mountains extend across the northern part of Georgia. / Here there are mountains, valleys and ravines along with many waterfalls. The elevation gets much higher than the rest of Georgia which causes changes in the plants. / Deer, black bears, wild turkeys, raccoons, bats, and foxes roam the mountains. Trout can be found in mountain streams while bass and bluegill fish live in the lakes. / Cherokee Rose - the state flower, azaleas - the state wild flower, and many varieties of apple trees.
Piedmont / The Georgia Piedmont is located between the coastal plain and the mountains in the northern half of Georgia. / The piedmont is an area of rolling hills. Piedmont means "foot of the mountain." The piedmont has forests, lakes and rivers. Red clay gives the ground its color. / Opossums, squirrels, Canada geese, ducks, woodpeckers, cardinals, blue jays and owls / Pine trees, oak trees, and hickory trees are mostly seen in this area.
Coastal Plains / Southern half of Georgia / Georgia's coastal plain is a low flat region of sandy, well drained, gently rolling hills and poorly drained flatlands / Armadillos, deer, wild boar, and rattlesnakes. / Peanuts and cotton are grown for crops in the coastal plain of Georgia. Live Oak trees grow there too.
Atlantic Ocean / The Atlantic Ocean is located on the southeastern border of Georgia. / An ocean is the largest body of water in the world. It is made of saltwater. The Atlantic Ocean near Georgia is warmer than most oceans in the world. / The Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Georgia is home to shrimp, tarpon, redfish, flounder, and sea trout. Sea turtles make their homes there also. / The Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary is a living coral reef with sea stars and sand dollars. Seaweed, sea grass, and algae also grow in the ocean.
Marsh/Swamp / The swamp is located in southeastern Georgia / A swamp is an area of land covered in still or slow-moving water, with plants growing in and around it. Only a few kinds of trees can grow in such waterlogged areas. These trees such as cypress trees have roots that stick out of the water to take in air. / Alligators, marsh rabbits, otters, frogs, black bears, raccoons, dragonfly, ibis, and mosquitoes all live in the swamp. / Cypress trees, as seen at the top of the page, cattails and water lilies all grow in the swamp.

Pollution: Standard S3L2

POLLUTION is the addition of pollutants to the environment. Pollution can change a living thing’s habitat.

3 Types of Pollution: land, water, air

CONSERVATION is making a resource last longer.

Example: car pooling, turning water off while you brush your teeth

To RECYCLE is to collect a resource so it can be made into new products.

Example: plastic bottles, soda cans, we also recycle paper in our classroom

Pollution mixes with rain to form ACID RAIN.

AIR POLLUTION Water Pollution Land Pollution Littering Acid Rain

Rocks: Standard S3E1

Igneous Rocks:form when magma cools and hardens. Example, basalt, pumice, granite

Sedimentary Rocks: are formed in layers from broken pieces of matter (sediments) that are squeezed and pressed together (compacted) over a long period of time. Example, limestone, shale, sandstone

Metamorphic Rocks: are formed from heat and pressure. Example: marble, quartzite, and slate

Soil: Standard S3E1

FOSSILS: Standard S3E2

A PALEONTOLOGIST is a scientist who studies fossils.

A FOSSILis what is left of a plant or animal that lived long ago, and most are found in sedimentary rock. They are formed when dirt (sediment) covers the dead plant or animal. The plant or animal’s soft parts rot or decay, the dirt hardens and the bone becomes rock.

3 Types of Fossils / IMPRINT:
/ CAST:
/ MOLD:

Trace Fossils or Imprint Fossils:Trace fossils are tracks or trails left in the muddy ground.

Mold Fossils:A mold fossil looks like the shape of a living thing carved into a rock.

Cast Fossils:If the empty space of a mold fossil becomes filled with mud, then over time, that space is filled up and it becomes a cast fossil.

When a plant or animal is extinct that means that they no longer exist.A trilobite and all dinosaurs are extinct.

Petrified plants or wood is formed when they become hardened with minerals and over time become rocks.

Fossils are also found in amber which is tree sap. The types of fossils in amber are insects.

Heat: Standard S3P1

1. Thermal energy is the energy of moving particles in matter.
2. Heat is the flow from warmer objects to cooler objects.
3. If you put a cold spoon in a hot bowl of soup, the thermal energy will move from the bowl to the spoon.

3 Sources of Heat / Friction: when two objects rub together (example: Hands rubbing, bicycle brakes)
Chemical Reaction: when chemicals mix together and the result is heat (ex: hand warmers, digestion)
Burning: a fire is made when fuels, such as wood or coal, are burned (ex: camp fire)

Conductor / Insulator
A conductor of heat is something through which heat moves easily. / An insulator is something that heat cannot move through easily.
EXAMPLES:
A metal pan is a good conductor because it cooks food quickly. / An oven mitt acts as an insulator because it protects your hand from the heat of the hot pan you are touching.

Magnets: Standard S3P2

A MAGNET is any object that pulls certain metals toward it.

Attracted to Magnets / Not Attracted to Magnets
can lid, brad, paper clip, nail, washer / cork, balloon, plastic spoon, wooden block, button
*Be able to identify pictures of magnets and their representations.
Magnetic Field
/ Repel
/ Attract

The MAGNETIC FIELD is the area around the magnet where its force is the strongest. / The like poles of a magnet REPEL / The opposite poles of a magnet ATTRACT