UNIT #3 – ENGLIGHTENMENT - KEY VOCAB
1 – Scientific Revolution
{whenever you see bracketed words, they are not in text; on list at and of section}
Scientific Revolution
Geocentric model of universe (solar system)
Nicolae Copernicus (Poland)
Copernican hypothesis {Heliocentric}
Tycho Brahe (Denmark); {Tychonic Model}
Johannes Kepler (Bohemia)
Laws of planetary motion
Elliptical paths around sun
Planets speed up near sun
Rotation speed is proportional to distance
Sun-centered (solar) system {Heliocentric}
Galileo Galilei (Italy – Florence)
Law of Inertia
Telescope from Holland
Dialogue on the Two Chief Systems of the World (1632) – the book that got him in trouble
Trial of Galileo in 1632
Heresy
Isaac Newton (England)
Centripetal force
Principia (1687)
Newton’s three laws of motion
Law of universal gravitation (mutual attraction)
Francis Bacon (England) – {“twist the lion’s tale”}
Empiricism
Rene Descartes (“I think, therefore I am”)
Analytic geometry
Deductive reasoning
Andreas Vesalius
William Harvey
Robert Boyle // Boyles Law (1662)
Other words to know
GeocentricModel (geocentrism)
Heliocentric(heliocentrism)
Tychonic Model
2 – Enlightenment
Enlightenment
Reason
Rationalism
European Enlightenment (1690-1789)
Skeptics
skepticism
Table Rasa (John Locke)
Philosophes
Montesquieu (Persian Letters (1721) and The Spirit of Laws (1748))
Separations of Powers and Checks & Balances
Parlements (this is NOT Parliament)
Voltaire
Denis Diderot(The Encyclopedia)
Salons
Rococo
David Hume
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (The Social Contract (1762))
Immanuel Kant (What is Enlightenment? (1784))
3 – Enlightened Absolutism
Enlightened absolutism
Frederick II / Frederick the Great
Maria Theresa {Archduchess of Austria, Holy Roman Empress}
Pragmatic Sanction
War of Austrian Succession{King George’s War}
Seven Years War {French and Indian War}
Peter III
“first servant of the State” (Frederick)
Catherine the Great
Peter III of Russia
Pugachev’s Rebellion
Maria Theresa
Charles VI (only in relation to Maria Theresa)
Joseph II (r. 1780-1790)
Leopold II (r.1790-1792)
Other words to know
Archduchess of Austria, Holy Roman Empress
French and Indian War
King George’s War
Diplomatic Revolutionof 1756
4 – Agricultural Revolution (Working the Land) & Population Explosion
80% of the people in western countries
Open Field System (three field system)
Agricultural revolution (1650-1850)
The common
Enclosure
Jethro Tull - Seed Drill
Enclosure Movement
Other words to know
Charles “Turnip” Townsend
Robert Bakewell
Population Explosion
Population explosion of 1700s
[Change in mortality]
5 - Growth of cities and towns
Textiles
John Kay – Flying shuttle
“spinsters”
Consumer economy
Adam Smith - Wealth of Nations – 1776
6 - Building the Global Economy
Mercantilism
Slave trade [and the abolition campaign]
Triangle trade
NAVIGATION ACTS (1651)
War of Spanish Succession (1701-1713)
Peace of Utrecht
War of Austrian Succession (1740-1747)
Seven Years War (1756-1763)
Other words to know
Anne I of England
Act of Settlement (1701)
Act of Union (1707)
United Kingdom / British
George I of England (Hanoverian Elector) (1714-1727)
James Edward, Stuart “Old” Pretender
Robert Walpole - Prime Minister
Whigs vs. Tories in Parliament
South Sea Bubble
House of Lords and House of Commons
George II of England (1727-1760)
War of Jenkins Ear (1739)
War of Austrian Succession (1740-1747)
Diplomatic Revolution of 1756
Seven Years War (1756-1763)
George III of England (1760-1820)
Frederick the Great of Prussia
Maria Theresa of Austria, 23 years old
Pragmatic Sanction
Silesia
“Diplomatic Revolution” of 1756
7 - Marriage and Family (586-595) and (595-614)
Nuclear families
Illegitimacy explosion
[Dangers of childbirth]
Wet nursing
Foundling homes (foundling hospitals)
Attitudes toward children after 1760
Carnival
Dark bread
Eating habits of the rural poor
Consumer revolution
Methodists
Deism
Jansenism
Midwifery
Smallpox
Edward Jenner
Other words to know
Neo-localism
Aristocratic Resurgence
8 – Crisis of Political Legitimacy
Louis XV
The parlements
Robe nobility (vs. nobility of the sword)
Impact of the War of Austrian Succession on France (financially)
Parlement of Paris and the 5% income tax
Impact of the Seven Years War on France (financially and spiritually)
Rene de Maupeou
Descralization
Louis XVI – a quick description
The impact of the American Revolution
Impact of the Seven Years War on the relationship of Britain to the American colonies
British East Indian Company (1773)
Boston Tea Party
Coercive Acts
First Continental Congress (1774)
Lexington and Concord (1775)
Second Continental Congress (1776)
George III
Reason France got so deep into the American Revolution
Marquis de Lafayette
French-American alliance (1778)
Spanish and Dutch declaration of war (1779 and 1780)
Impact of American Revolution on Britain after
Other words to know
John Law
National Bank of Paris
Mississippi Company
Mississippi Bubble
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