Response to Intervention (RTI) and English Learners:
Helping ALL Students Achieve
Jana Echevarria, Ph.D.
CaliforniaStateUniversity, Long Beach
Resources for Teaching English Learners
Research Resources:
August & Shanahan (Eds.) (2006). Developing literacy in second-language learners: A report of the National Literacy Panel on Language-Minority Children and Youth. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
California Department of Education (2010). Improving Education for English Learners: Research-Based Approaches. Sacramento, CA: CDE Press. To Order: 800-995-4099
Echevarria, J., Short, D., & Powers, K. (2006). School reform and standards-based education: An instructional model for English language learners. Journal of Educational Research 99 (4), 195-210.
Echevarria, J., Richards, C., Canges, R., & Francis, D. (2009). Using the SIOP Model to promote the acquisition of language and science concepts with English learners. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Echevarria, J., Richards-Tutor, C., Chinn, V., & Ratleff, P. (In press). Did they get it? The role of fidelity in improving teaching for English Learners. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy.
Genesee, Lindholm-Leary, Saunders & Christian (2006). Educating English language learners: A synthesis of research evidence. New York: CambridgeUniversity Press.
Goldenberg, C. (2008). Teaching English language learners: What the research does – and does not – say. American Educator 12 (2), 8-22. Retreived from
Himmell, J., Short, D.J., Richards, C., & Echevarria, J. (2009). Using the SIOP Model to improve middle school science instruction. Washington, DC: Center for Research on the Educational Achievement and Teaching of English Language Learners. Retrieved from
Shatz, M. & Wilkenson, L. (Eds.) (2010). The education of English language learners: Research to practice. New York: Guilford Press.
Short, D., Echevarria, J., & Richards-Tutor, C. (In press). Research on academic literacy development in sheltered instruction classrooms.Language Teaching Research.
Short, D., Fidelman, C., & Louguit, M. (2010). Developing academic language in English language learners through the SIOP Model.Manuscript submitted for publication.
Professional Development Resources:
The SIOP Model ():
Core Texts:
Echevarria, J., Vogt, M.E. & Short, D. (2010a). Making Content Comprehensible for Elementary English Learners: The SIOP® Model. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Echevarria, J., Vogt, M.E. & Short, D. (2010b). Making Content Comprehensible for Secondary English Learners: The SIOP® Model. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Echevarria, J., Vogt, M.E. & Short, D. (2008). Making Content Comprehensible for English Learners: The SIOP® Model, Third Edition. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Supplemental Texts:
Echevarria, J., Short, D. & Peterson, C. (In press). Teaching Young English Learners Using the SIOPModel: Pre-K and Kindergarten.Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Echevarria, J. Short, D. & Vogt, M. (2008). Implementing the SIOP®Model through Effective Professional Development and Coaching.Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Echevarria, J., Vogt, M.E., & Short, D. (2010). The SIOP Model for Teaching Mathematics to English Learners. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Short, D., Echevarria, J. & Vogt, M. (2008). The SIOP®Model for Administrators.Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Short, D., Vogt, M.E., & Echevarria, J. (2010). The SIOP Model for Teaching Science to English Learners.Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Short, D., Vogt, M.E., & Echevarria, J. (2011). The SIOP Model for Teaching History-Social Studies to English Learners. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Vogt, M.E., & Echevarria, J. (2008). 99 Ideas and Activities for Teaching English Learners with the SIOP®Model. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Vogt, M.E., Echevarria, J., & Short, D. (2010). The SIOP Model for Teaching English-Language Arts to English Learners. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Teaching English Learners with Learning Challenges:
Echevarria, J. & Vogt, M. (2011) RTI and English learners: Making It Happen. Boston: Allyn & Bacon
Echevarria, J. & Vogt, M. (2010) Using the SIOP Model to improve literacy for English learners. New England Reading Association Journal (NERAJ). 46 (1) 8-15.
Echevarria, J. & Graves, A. (2010). Sheltered Content Instruction: Teaching English Learners with Diverse Abilities, Fourth Edition. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Echevarria, J., & Hasbrouck, J. (2009). Response to intervention and English learners (CREATE Brief). Washington, DC: Center for Research on the Educational Achievement and Teaching of English Language Learners. Retrieved from
Echevarria, J. (2009). The role of professional development in helping English learners with disabilities
achieve high standards. AccELLerate!. 1 (3), pp. 6-7.
Richards, C. & Leafstedt, J. (2010). Early reading intervention: Strategies and methods for struggling readers.
Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
TRUE OR FALSE?
- The purpose of RTI is to identify students for special education services.
- Tier 3 is only special education.
- RTI intervention is a curriculum.
- Emphasis is on what the teacher needs to do to make the student successfulin general education.
- Approaches for RTI are standard treatment protocol, problem-solving procedure, and a hybrid of the two.
- Approximately 70% of English learners may qualify for intervention.
- RTI is a data-driven process(using progress monitoring and assessments) to improve reading and math.
- When English learners struggle academically, we should wait for months before taking action.
- One of the most important aspect of RTI is examining the quality of instruction provided to the child who struggles and not blaming the child for difficulties.
Components of the SIOP Model:
Lesson Preparation – language and content objectives
Building Background – vocabulary development, student connections
Comprehensible Input – ESL techniques
Strategies – metacognitive and cognitive strategies
Interaction – oral language
Practice & Application – practice all 4 language skills
Lesson Delivery – meet objectives
Review & Assessment – review vocabulary and concepts
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From: Echevarria, J. & Vogt, M. (2011) RTI and English learners: Making It Happen. Boston: Allyn & Bacon
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Accountability Institute, 2010