Table S1 Taxonomy, geographic occurrences and stratigraphic distribution of taxa used in this study.

Order / Family / Genus / Species / Locality / Country / Stage / Substage / Age
Orectolobiformes / indet. / ? Mesiteia / sp. / Hanover / N Germany / Bajocian / upper / 169.7
Orectolobiformes / indet. / ? Mesiteia / sp. / Schömberg / SW Germany / Toarcian / 179.3
Orectolobiformes / Hemiscyllidae / ?Chiloscyllium / sp / Schömberg / SW Germany / Toarcian / 179.3
Orectolobiformes / Hemiscyllidae / ?Chiloscyllium / sp. / Dudelange- Gintzenberg / Luxembourg / Toarcian / 179.3
Orectolobiformes / Rhincodontidae / ?Palaeorhincodon / sp. / Sarstedt/Hanover / N Germany / Aalenian / upper / 173.6
Heterodontiformes / Heterodontidae / ?Paracestracion / sp. / Dorset / S England / Bathonian / 166.2
Heterodontiformes / Heterodontidae / ?Paracestracion / sp. / Dudelange- Gintzenberg / Luxembourg / Toarcian / 179.3
indet. / Protospinacidae / ?Protospinax / sp. / Asturias / N Spain / Toarcian / upper / 179.3
Synechodontiformes / Palaeospinacidae / ?Synechodus / sp. / Solnhofen / SE Germany / Tithonian / lower / 148.2
Synechodontiformes / Palaeospinacidae / ?Synechodus / ungeri / Eichstätt / SE Germany / Tithonian / lower / 148.2
Synechodontiformes / Palaeospinacidae / ?Synechodus / ungeri / Schernfeld / SE Germany / Tithonian / lower / 148.2
Orectolobiformes / Hemiscyllidae / Acanthoscyllium / sp. / Charente-Maritime / W France / Tithonian / 148.2
Rajiformes / Rhinobatidae / aff. Belemnobatis / moorbergensis / Moorberg / N Germany / Aalenian / lower / 173.6
Rajiformes / Rhinobatidae / aff. Belemnobatis / moorbergensis / Moorberg / N Germany / Toarcian / 179.3
Rajiformes / Rhinobatidae / aff. Belemnobatis / moorbergensis / Nevers / N France / Toarcian / upper / 179.3
Rajiformes / Rhinobatidae / aff. Belemnobatis / moorbergensis / Téssé / France / Toarcian / 179.3
Rajiformes / Rhinobatidae / aff. Belemnobatis / noviodunumensi / Nevers / France / Aalenian / lower / 173.6
Orectolobiformes / indet. / Agaleus / dorsetensis / Bornholm / Denmark / Pliensbachian / lower / 186.6
Orectolobiformes / indet. / Agaleus / dorsetensis / Chassille / N France / Pliensbachian / upper / 186.6
Orectolobiformes / indet. / Agaleus / dorsetensis / Dudelange- Gintzenberg / Luxembourg / Toarcian / 179.3
Orectolobiformes / indet. / Agaleus / dorsetensis / Helsinburg / S Sweden / Pliensbachian / 186.6
Orectolobiformes / indet. / Agaleus / dorsetensis / Le Mans / N France / Pliensbachian / 186.6
Orectolobiformes / indet. / Agaleus / dorsetensis / Lyme Regis. Dorset / S England / Sinemurian / lower / 193.1
Orectolobiformes / indet. / Agaleus / sp. / Humbois / Belgium / Sinemurian / 193.1
Orectolobiformes / indet. / Almascyllium / sp. / Lorraine / France / Toarcian / 179.3
Orectolobiformes / Brachaeluridae / Annea / carinata / Goslar/ Harz / N Germany / Aalenian / upper / 173.6
Orectolobiformes / Brachaeluridae / Annea / carinata / Hildesheim / N Germany / Aalenian / upper / 173.6
Orectolobiformes / Brachaeluridae / Annea / carinata / Moorberg / N Germany / Aalenian / upper / 173.6
Orectolobiformes / Brachaeluridae / Annea / carinata / Sarstedt/Hanover / N Germany / Aalenian / upper / 173.6
Orectolobiformes / Brachaeluridae / Annea / maubeugei / Halanzy / Belgium / Toarcian / upper / 179.3
Orectolobiformes / Brachaeluridae / Annea / sp. / Halanzy / Belgium / Toarcian / 179.3
Orectolobiformes / Brachaeluridae / Annea / sp. / Nevers / France / Toarcian / 179.3
Orectolobiformes / Brachaeluridae / Annea / sp. / Sarstedt/Hanover / N Germany / Aalenian / upper / 173.6
Rajiformes / Rhinobatidae / Arthropterus / rileyi / Lyme Regis. Dorset / S England / Sinemurian / 193.1
Rajiformes / Rhinobatidae / Asterodermus / platypterus / Eichstätt / SE Germany / Tithonian / lower / 148.2
Rajiformes / Rhinobatidae / Asterodermus / platypterus / Kelheim / SE Germany / Tithonian / lower / 148.2
Rajiformes / Rhinobatidae / Asterodermus / platypterus / Langenaltheim / SE Germany / Tithonian / lower / 148.2
Rajiformes / Rhinobatidae / Asterodermus / platypterus / Mahlstetten / SW Germany / Kimmeridgian / 152.7
Rajiformes / Rhinobatidae / Asterodermus / platypterus / Nusplingen / SW Germany / Kimmeridgian / 152.7
Rajiformes / Rhinobatidae / Asterodermus / platypterus / Schernfeld / SE Germany / Tithonian / lower / 148.2
Rajiformes / Rhinobatidae / Asterodermus / sp. / Boulogne-sur-Mer / N France / Kimmeridgian / 152.7
Rajiformes / Rhinobatidae / Asterodermus / sp. / Czarnoglowy / NW Poland / Kimmeridgian / 152.7
Rajiformes / Rhinobatidae / Asterodermus / sp. / Lower Saxony / N Germany / Oxfordian / 160.0
Rajiformes / Rhinobatidae / Asterodermus / sp. / Santa Cruz / Portugal / Kimmeridgian / 152.7
Rajiformes / Rhinobatidae / Asterodermus / sp. 1 / Lower Saxony / N Germany / Kimmeridgian / 152.7
Rajiformes / Rhinobatidae / Asterodermus / sp. 1 / Lower Saxony / N Germany / Kimmeridgian / 152.7
Rajiformes / Rhinobatidae / Belemnobatis / kermacki / Dorset / S England / Bathonian / 166.2
Rajiformes / Rhinobatidae / Belemnobatis / morinicus / Boulogne / N France / Tithonian / 148.2
Rajiformes / Rhinobatidae / Belemnobatis / morinicus / Boulogne-sur-Mer / N France / Kimmeridgian / 152.7
Rajiformes / Rhinobatidae / Belemnobatis / morinicus / Lot-et-Garonne / N France / Kimmeridgian / 152.7
Rajiformes / Rhinobatidae / Belemnobatis / morinicus / Lower Saxony / N Germany / Kimmeridgian / 152.7
Rajiformes / Rhinobatidae / Belemnobatis / morinicus / Pas-de-Calais / N France / Tithonian / 148.2
Rajiformes / Rhinobatidae / Belemnobatis / sismondae / Cerin / France / Kimmeridgian / 152.7
Rajiformes / Rhinobatidae / Belemnobatis / sp. / Boulogne / N France / Tithonian / 148.2
Rajiformes / Rhinobatidae / Belemnobatis / sp. / Boulogne-sur-Mer / N France / Kimmeridgian / 152.7
Rajiformes / Rhinobatidae / Belemnobatis / sp. / Dorset / S England / Bathonian / 166.2
Rajiformes / Rhinobatidae / Belemnobatis / sp. / Frias de Albarracin / NE Spain / Kimmeridgian / 152.7
Rajiformes / Rhinobatidae / Belemnobatis / sp. / Lower Saxony / N Germany / Tithonian / 148.2
Rajiformes / Rhinobatidae / Belemnobatis / sp. / Mugher Mudstone (Äthio / E Africa / Tithonian / 148.2
Rajiformes / Rhinobatidae / Belemnobatis / stahli / Dorset / S England / Bathonian / 166.2
indet. / indet. / Breviacanthus / brevis / Dorset / S England / Bathonian / 166.2
Orectolobiformes / Hemiscyllidae / Cantioscyllium / sp. / Ringstead Region / S England / Kimmeridgian / 152.7
Carcharhiniformes / indet. / Carcharhiniformes / indet. / Oker / N Germany / Kimmeridgian / 152.7
Rajiformes / Rhinobatidae / cf. Belemnobatis / sp. / Blue Nile Region / Ethiopia / Tithonian / 148.2
Carcharhiniformes / Scyliorhinidae / cf. Palaeoscyllium / sp. / Lower Saxony / N Germany / Tithonian / 148.2
Rajiformes / Archaeobatidae / cf. Toarcibatis / sp. / Schömberg / SW Germany / Toarcian / 179.3
Orectolobiformes / indet. / Corysodon / cirinensis / Cerin / France / Kimmeridgian / 152.7
Orectolobiformes / indet. / Corysodon / cirinensis / Charente-Maritime / France / Tithonian / 148.2
Orectolobiformes / indet. / Corysodon / cirinensis / Chassiron / W France / Tithonian / 148.2
Orectolobiformes / indet. / Corysodon / cirinensis / Lower Saxony / N Germany / Kimmeridgian / 152.7
Orectolobiformes / indet. / Corysodon / sp. / Boulogne / N France / Kimmeridgian / 152.7
Orectolobiformes / indet. / Corysodon / sp. / Boulogne-sur-Mer / N France / Kimmeridgian / 152.7
Orectolobiformes / indet. / Corysodon / sp. / Lower Saxony / N Germany / Oxfordian / 160.0
Orectolobiformes / indet. / Corysodon / sp. / Octeville / NW France / Kimmeridgian / 152.7
Orectolobiformes / indet. / Corysodon / sp. / Oker / N Germany / Kimmeridgian / 152.7
Orectolobiformes / indet. / Corysodon / sp. / Oker / N Germany / Kimmeridgian / 152.7
Orectolobiformes / indet. / Corysodon / sp. / Santa Cruz / Portugal / Kimmeridgian / 152.7
Rajiformes / Archaeobatidae / Cristabatis / crescentiformi / Halanzy / Belgium / Toarcian / 179.3
Rajiformes / Archaeobatidae / Cristabatis / crescentiformi / Halanzy / Belgium / Toarcian / middle / 179.3
Rajiformes / Archaeobatidae / Cristabatis / crescentiformi / Longlaville / France / Toarcian / 179.3
Rajiformes / Archaeobatidae / Cristabatis / crescentiformi / Longlaville / France / Toarcian / middle / 179.3
Rajiformes / Archaeobatidae / Cristabatis / exundans / Champeaux / France / Toarcian / 179.3
Rajiformes / Archaeobatidae / Cristabatis / exundans / Champeaux / N France / Toarcian / lower / 179.3
Rajiformes / Archaeobatidae / Cristabatis / exundans / Nevers / France / Toarcian / 179.3
Rajiformes / Archaeobatidae / Cristabatis / exundans / Nevers / N France / Toarcian / lower / 179.3
Carcharhiniformes / Scyliorhinidae / Ctenascyllium / kimmeridgium / Normandy / N France / Kimmeridgian / 152.7
Rajiformes / Archaeobatidae / Doliobatis / weisi / Dudelange- Gintzenberg / Luxembourg / Toarcian / 179.3
Rajiformes / Archaeobatidae / Doliobatis / weisi / Dudelange- Gintzenberg / Luxembourg / Toarcian / upper / 179.3
indet. / indet. / Doratodus / tricuspidatus / Jena / E Germany / Keuper / lower / 225.0
indet. / indet. / Doratodus / tricuspidatus / Lorraine / France / Muschelkalk / 236.0
indet. / indet. / Doratodus / tricuspidatus / Stutgart / SW Germany / Norian / lower / 210.1
Orectolobiformes / indet. / Dorsetoscyllium / terraefullonic / Dorset / S England / Bathonian / 166.2
Rajiformes / Rhinobatidae / Engaibatis / schultzei / Tendaguru / Tanzania / Kimmeridgian / 152.7
Rajiformes / Rhinobatidae / Engaibatis / schultzei / Tendaguru / Tanzania / Tithonian / 148.2
Hexanchiformes / Hexanchidae / Eonotidanus / serratus / Canton Argen / Switzerland / Oxfordian / 160.0
Hexanchiformes / Hexanchidae / Eonotidanus / serratus / Dorset / S England / Oxfordian / 160.0
Hexanchiformes / Hexanchidae / Eonotidanus / serratus / Nusplingen / SW Germany / Kimmeridgian / 152.7
Hexanchiformes / Hexanchidae / Eonotidanus / serratus / Solnhofen / SE Germany / Tithonian / lower / 148.2
Hexanchiformes / Hexanchidae / Eonotidanus / serratus / Villers-Sur-Mer / France / Callovian / 163.0
Carcharhiniformes / Scyliorhinidae / Eypea / leesi / Dorset / S England / Bathonian / upper / 166.2
Orectolobiformes / indet. / Folipristix / digitulus / Baden-Wuerttemberg / SW Germany / Callovian / 163.0
indet. / indet. / Grozonodon / candaui / Grozan / N France / Norian / 210.1
Heterodontiformes / Heterodontidae / Heterodontus / rugosus / Charente-Maritime / N France / Tithonian / 148.2
Heterodontiformes / Heterodontidae / Heterodontus / rugosus / Nevers / France / Toarcian / 179.3
Heterodontiformes / Heterodontidae / Heterodontus / semirugosus / Kelheim / SE Germany / Kimmeridgian / 152.7
Heterodontiformes / Heterodontidae / Heterodontus / semirugosus / Octeville / NW France / Kimmeridgian / 152.7
Heterodontiformes / Heterodontidae / Heterodontus / semirugosus / Ringstead Region / S England / Kimmeridgian / 152.7
Heterodontiformes / Heterodontidae / Heterodontus / zitteli / Eichstätt / SE Germany / Tithonian / lower / 148.2
Orectolobiformes / indet. / Heterphorcynus / microdon / Dorset / S England / Bathonian / 166.2
Hexanchiformes / Hexanchidae / Hexanchidae / indet. / Helsinburg / S Sweden / Pliensbachian / 186.6
indet. / indet. / Hueneichthys / costatus / Stuttgart / SW Germany / Rhaetian / 201.6
indet. / indet. / Hueneichthys / costatus / Stuttgart / SW Germany / Rhaetian / 201.6
indet. / indet. / Jurobatos / cappettai / Dudelange- Gintzenberg / Luxembourg / Toarcian / 179.3
indet. / indet. / Jurobatos / cappettai / Moorberg / N Germany / Toarcian / upper / 179.3
indet. / indet. / Jurobatos / cappettai / Portland / S England / Kimmeridgian / 152.7
indet. / indet. / Jurobatos / cappettai / SE Halanzy / Belgium / Toarcian / middle / 179.3
indet. / indet. / Jurobatos / sp. / Halanzy / Belgium / Toarcian / 179.3
Rajiformes / indet. / Leiribatos / alienus / Guimarota / Portugal / Kimmeridgian / upper / 152.7
Carcharhiniformes / indet. / Macrourogaleus / hassei / Eichstätt / SE Germany / Tithonian / lower / 148.2
Carcharhiniformes / indet. / Macrourogaleus / hassei / Solnhofen / SE Germany / Tithonian / lower / 148.2
indet. / indet. / Microtoxodus / gülakmani / Dudelange- Gintzenberg / Luxembourg / Toarcian / upper / 179.3
Synechodontiformes / Palaeospinacidae / Mucrovenator / minimus / Kocaeli Peninsula / Turkey / Scythian / 148.2
Synechodontiformes / Palaeospinacidae / Mucrovenator / minimus / NW Nevada / U.S.A. / Anisian / 243.0
indet. / indet. / Nemacanthus / monilifer / Aust Quarry / S England / Rhaetian / lower / 201.6
indet. / indet. / Nemacanthus / monilifer / Boisset / N France / Rhaetian / lower / 201.6
indet. / indet. / Nemacanthus / monilifer / Diekirch / Luxembourg / Rhaetian / 201.6
indet. / indet. / Nemacanthus / monilifer / Habay-la-Vieille / Belgium / Rhaetian / lower / 201.6
indet. / indet. / Nemacanthus / monilifer / Lombardie / Italy / Rhaetian / lower / 201.6
indet. / indet. / Nemacanthus / monilifer / Medernach / Luxembourg / Toarcian / lower / 179.3
indet. / indet. / Nemacanthus / monilifer / Nottinghamshire / N England / Rhaetian / 201.6
indet. / indet. / Nemacanthus / monilifer / Saint-Nicolas-de-Port / N France / Rhaetian / lower / 201.6
indet. / indet. / Nemacanthus / monilifer / Syren / Luxembourg / Rhaetian / 201.6
indet. / indet. / Nemacanthus / monilifer / Var Department / S France / Rhaetian / 201.6
indet. / indet. / Nemacanthus / monilifer / Varangeville / N France / Rhaetian / lower / 201.6
indet. / indet. / Nemacanthus / monilifer / Wuerttemberg / SW Germany / Rhaetian / lower / 201.6
Hexanchiformes / Hexanchidae / Notidanoides / arzoensis / Tessin / Switzerland / Sinemurian / upper / 193.1
Hexanchiformes / Hexanchidae / Notidanoides / contrarius / Bavaria / SE Germany / Oxfordian / 160.0