Appendix 1
to Decree N ______, 2004
of the Government of the Republic of Armenia
TECHNICAL REGULATIONS
PNEUMATIC TYRES
- FIELD OF APPLICATION
- These technical regulations apply to pneumatic tyres for the following means of transportation:
1)Passenger-cars and their trailers, light trucks, special micro-buses (hereinafter referred to as passenger vehicles);
2)Trucks and their trailers, buses and trolleybuses (hereinafter referred to as trucks).
- These technical regulations define the security requirements, terminology, and marking of the pneumatic tyres for passenger vehicles and trucks referred to in paragraph 1, as well as the procedures of evaluating their conformity, including conformity assessment patterns, which have beendeterminedtaking into account the level of risk connected with the use the tyres.
- These technical regulations do not apply to the tyres of tractors and agricultural vehicles, large trucks, construction and road elevators, as well as to thosemeans of transportation and pressure-regulated motorcycle equipment, which areintendedto be used in ores, mines, open mines and other special conditions.
- TERMS AND BASIC REQUIREMENTS
- Safety indicators for pneumatic tyres with appropriate substantiation
- Pneumatic tyres –elasticcovers placed on the rims of wheels and filled with gas or air under pressure.
- Tyre Type – pneumatic tyreshaving the following common features:
1)Manufacturer;
2)Marking of tyre size;
3)Category of use;
a)for passenger vehicles: intended for ordinary (road) or winter or for temporary use;
b)for trucks:
- normal – intended for ordinary roads;
- special –intended for special purposes, e.g., mixed (intended for on- and off-road use) and/or for use at a limited speed;
- winter;
4) Structure:
a) for passenger vehicles –bias, belted-bias, radial tyres;
b) for trucks – bias, radial tyres;
5) Speed category marking;
6) Tyre capacity index;
7) Cross-section.
4.3. Winter tyres – tyres that unlike ordinary (road) tyres have protective layer patterns and structure designed for enhanced cross-country ability in mud, snow and sleet conditions.
4.4. Structure of pneumatic tyres– the technical characteristics of the tyre’s carcass.
Normally the tyres have the followingtypes of structure:
1)Bias– a structure in which the threads of the tyre base reach the tyre-cover sidewall at successive angles far below 90° to the protective layer centreline;
2)Belted-bias – a structure of bias pneumatic tyres in which carcasses are stretched in two or more layers with a belt made of practically inflexible bases, making close successive angles to the angle of the carcass;
3)Radial – a structure in which the threads of the tyre base reach the tyre-cover sidewall mainly atan angle of 90° to the protective layercentreline; their carcasses are practically pinned down to the inflexiblerim;
4)Reinforced or high capacity – a structure of pneumatic tyres in which carcasses are firmerthan those of standard tyres;
5)Spare tyres for temporary use – pneumatic tyres designed for any vehicle in normal traffic conditions and for temporary use in restricted traffic conditions;
6) T-type spare tyres for temporary use – temporary tyres intended to be used in higher internal pressure conditions as compared to standard and reinforced tyres;
4.5. Tyre-cover sidewall – a tyreelement that hasa shape and structure enabling it to be adjusted to the rimand to bear the tyre.
4.6. Base – threads forming the fabric in the layers of a pneumatic tyre.
4.7. Layer – a belt made of rubberized layers of the base parallel to one another.
4.8. Carcass – a part of pneumatic tyre not considered either a protective layer or a rubber rim,whichcarries the load in an inflated state.
4.9. Protective layer – a part of a pneumatic tyre that contacts the ground. This part protects the carcass from a physical damage and contributes tothe wheel’s traction.
4.10. Sidewall– a part of a pneumatic tyre situated between the protective layer and the belt and covered with the edge of the rim.
4.11.The lower part of the sidewall– a belt situated between the maximum section and the tyre belt and covered with the edge of the rim.
4.12. Protective layer furrows – a space between two neighbouringjutsand/or squares of the protective layer pattern.
4.13. Profile width (S) –a linear space between external sidewalls of an inflated pneumatic tyre, without considering juts created with marking, decorative seams or protective layers.
4.14. Overall width dimensions – a linear space between the external sidewalls of an inflated pneumatic tyre, including marking, decorative and protective layers or juts.
4.15. Profile height (H) – a spaceequal to half of the difference between a tyre’souter diameter and the rim.
4.16. Correlation of profile height to its width (Ra) – the quotient of the division of the profile height (H) on the nominal profile width (S1) multiplied by a hundred, both valuesbeing expressed in the same measuring unit.
4.17. Outer diameter (P) – theoverall diameter of a newly charged tyre.
4.18. Tyre dimensions marking
4.18.1. The markingmust include:
1) The nominal profile width (S1) expressed in millimetres, except for those types of tyres whose markings are given in the first columns of the following tables of Appendix A of these technical regulations:
a) for passenger vehicle tyres: A.1–A.3;
b) for truck tyres: A.4–A.12.
2) The ratio of the nominal profile height to its width, except for those types of tyres whose markings are given in the following tables of Appendix A of these technical regulations:
a) for passenger vehicle tyres: A.1–A.3;
b) for truck tyres: A.4–A.12.
3) A conventional figure (d) is a figure characterising the nominal diameter of the rim and corresponding to its diameter expressed with conventional units (a figure less than 100) or millimetres (figures higher than 100). Both these figures may be indicated simultaneously.
4) In case of truck tyres,it is the value of the conventional figure (d) in millimetresindicated in Table 1.
5) Letter T shall be placed before the nominal profile width of spare tyres for passenger vehicles intended for temporary use.
Table 1
Conventional unit (conventional figure, d) of nominal rim diameter / Value of conventional figure, d, mm / Conventional unit (conventional figure, d) of nominal rim diameter / Value of conventional figure, d, mm8 / 203
9 / 229
10 / 254 / 14.5 / 368
11 / 279 / 16.5 / 419
12 / 305 / 17.5 / 445
13 / 330 / 19.5 / 495
14 / 356 / 20.5 / 521
15 / 381 / 22.5 / 572
16 / 406 / 24.5 / 622
17 / 432
18 / 457
19 / 482
20 / 508 / 26 / 660
21 / 533 / 28 / 711
22 / 559 / 30 / 762
23 / 610
24 / 635
25 / -
4.19. Nominal rim diameter, d–the diameter of the belt on which the tyre is assembled.
4.20. Rim –the base of the tyre with or without an inner tube, on which the sidewalls of the tyre are based.
4.21. Theoretical rim(truck tyres) – a rim, whose width is x times larger than the nominal profile width of the tyre.
The value of a theoretical rim (x) is indicated by the manufacturer.
4.22. Measuring rim – a rim on which tyres are placed in order to check their dimensions.
4.23. Test rim – a rim on which tyres are placed for testing their strength depending on the load and speed.
4.24. Coming off – separation of pieces from the rubber of the protective layer.
4.25. Exfoliation of the base– separation of the base from the cover surrounding it.
4.26. Exfoliation of layers – separation of neighbouring layers from one another.
4.27. Exfoliation of the protective layer– separation of the protective layer from the carcass.
4.28. Indicator of the protective layerwear– internal beadsof furrowsof the protective layer intended for the visual determination of the degree of its depreciation.
4.29. Tyre capacity index
4.29.1. In case of passenger vehicle tyres- a figurecharacterised by the check weight, used for calculating the tyres in operation, according to the manufacturer’s requirements.
4.29.2.In case of truck tyres–one or two figures indicating the load thata single tyre,or a single and double tyrescan withstandaccording to the speed assigned to that specific category and to the requirements set by the manufacturer when certifying the use of the tyres in operation.
The given tyre types may have one or several groups of tyre capacity indices, depending on whether the requirements mentioned in paragraph 6.2.5. of these technical regulations are applied or not.
4.29.3.The indicators and their corresponding loadsare listed in Appendix B.
4.30. Speed category
4.30.1. The maximum speeds for passenger vehicle tyres are listed in Table 2 according to the speed category markings.
Table 2
Speed category marking / Maximum speed km/hL / 120
M / 130
N / 140
P / 150
Q / 160
R / 170
S / 180
T / 190
U / 200
H / 210
V / 240
W / 270
Y / 300
4.30.2.The maximum speeds for truck tyres are listed in Table 3, according to the speed category markings.
Table 3
Speed category marking / Corresponding speed, km/h / Speed category marking / Corresponding speed, km/hF / 80 / P / 150
G / 90 / Q / 160
J / 100 / R / 170
K / 110 / S / 180
L / 120 / T / 190
M / 130 / U / 200
N / 140 / H / 210
V / 240
4.31. Protective layer pattern
4.31.1. Basic furrows – wide furrows in the middle of the protective layer, with marks indicating the wear of the protective layer.
4.31.2. Additional furrows – auxiliary patterns of furrows of the protective layer that can disappearduring the service period of the tyres.
4.32. The maximum indicator of tyres (for passenger vehicle tyres) – themaximum weight,for which the tyres are designed.
4.32.1.For speedsbelow 210 km/h,the maximum load indicator must not exceed the value corresponding to the tyre capacity index.
4.32.2. For speedsexceeding 210 km/h but less than 240 km/h (tyres of speed category V) the maximum value of load, taking into account the means of transportation on which the tyres are placed, must not exceed the value corresponding to the tyre capacity indexset forth in percents in Table 4.
Table 4
Maximum speed, km/h / Load, %215 / 98.5
220 / 97
225 / 95.5
230 / 94
235 / 92.5
240 / 91
The linearmethod of interpolation of the maximum load indicator may be applied for the maximum value ofintermediate speed.
4.32.3. For speedshigherthan 240 km/h (tyres of speed category W) the maximum load indicator, taking into account the means of transportation on which the tyres are placed, must not exceed the value corresponding to the tyre capacity indexset forth in percents in Table 5.
Table 5
Maximum speed, km/h / Load, %240 / 100
250 / 95
260 / 90
270 / 85
The linearmethod of interpolation of the maximum load indicator may be applied for the maximum value of intermediate speed.
4.32.4. For speedshigher than 270 km/h (tyres of speed category Y) the maximum load indicator, taking into account the means of transportation on which the tyres are placed, must not exceed the maximum value of speed corresponding to the percentageof the tyre capacity indexset forth in Table 6.
Table 6
Maximum speed, km/h / Load, %270 / 100
280 / 95
290 / 90
300 / 85
4.32.5. For speedsthat donot exceed 60 km/h,the maximum load indicator, taking into account the means of transportation on which the tyres are placed, must not exceed the percentage of weight corresponding to the tyre capacity as well asthe estimated maximum speed set forth in Table 7.
Table 7
Maximum speed, km/h / Maximum load indicator, %25 / 142
30 / 135
40 / 125
50 / 115
60 / 110
4.32.6.For speeds higher than 300 km/h the maximum load indicator, taking into account the maximum speed capacity of tyres, must not exceed the weight determined by the tyre manufacturer.
The manufacturer may apply the linear method of interpolation of the maximum load indicator for intermediate speeds between 300 km/h and the maximum speed.
4.33. Table of the changes of the load depending on speed – a tableset forthin Appendix C for the endurance of truck tyre in case of speeds different from the nominal speed indicated on the marking,depending on the tyre capacity index,andthe load change indicated on the nominal speed marking. The changes of load do not apply in case of speed category obtained on the basis of the additional tyre capacity index and paragraph 6.2.5 of these regulations.
4.34. Tyre safety indicators and their values are set forth in Table 8.
Table 8
Name of indicator / Value / Method of testingFor passenger vehicle tyres / For truck tyres
1.The change of values from nominal values:
a) outer diameter
- for roadtyre, %
- for a different tyre, %
b) profile width, %, not more than / +1.0
+1.5
3.0 / +1.5 / According to paragraph 6.1 or GOST[1] 26000
- for radial tyre / 4.0
- for bias tyre / 5.0
c)of double wheels and
tyre profile
in case of width < 305 mm
- radial / - / 2.0
- bias / - / 4.0
2. Reliability depending on speed and load / The absenceof separationof protective layer elements, / According to paragraph 6.2
bursts, cracks on the basis of the elements of the protective layer,
exfoliations of the base, the layers and the protective layer,
ruptures of the base layers
3.The increase in the tyre diameter 6 hours after strengthtests, %, not more than / 3.5 / According to paragraph 6.2
4. The height of the wear indicator, mm / According to paragraph 6.3
1.6+0.60 / 1.6+0.50 / or GOST 4754
& GOST 5513
4.34.1. For tyres marked with the index of speed category V in case of the 2nd indicator from Table 8 of these technical regulations, partial fragmentation of the protective layer is allowed.
4.34.2. The standards set forth in the “Methods of Testing” column of Table 8 of these technical regulations are as follows:
GOST 4754 Pneumatic tyres for passenger vehicles and their trailers, light trucks and special micro-buses.Technical conditions
GOST 5513 Pneumatic tyres for trucks and their trailers, buses and trolleybuses. Technical conditions
GOST 26000 Pneumatic tyres: Method of determining basic dimensions.
- Marking of pneumatic tyres
- The following shall be indicated on both sidesof manufactured proportionate tyres and on the outer side of disproportionate tyres:
- The trademark and/or the name, andthe location of the manufacturer;
- The marking of tyre dimensions in accordance with paragraph 4.18. of these technical regulations;
- The structure:
1)For truck tyres:
a)marking may not be required for bias tyres,or letter D may be indicated before the diameter mark;
b)letter R and/or the word “RADIAL” shall be indicated before the marking for tyres with radial structure;
c)letter B and/or the word “BIAS BELTED” shall be indicated before the rim diameter mark for tyres with a bias belted structure;letter R indicated before the rim diameter mark for tyres with a radial structure intended for speeds higher than 240 km/h can be replaced with letters ZR.
2)For truck tyres:
a)no markingshall be required,or letter D shall be indicated for bias tyres;
b)letter R and the word “RADIAL” shall be indicated before the rim diameter for tyres with radial structure.
5.1.4.Trademark(tyre model);
5.1.5.Marking (markings) of the speed category:
a)The marking for passenger vehicles shall be made according to Table 2, and for trucks, according to Table 3 of these technical regulations.
Operational characteristics (tyre capacity index and speed category) shall beindicated on passenger vehicle tyres suitable for speeds higher than 300 km/h corresponding to the tyres with operational characteristics of up to 300 km/h. Operational characteristics shall be written in brackets (e.g., (95Y);
b) Speed category 2 shall also be marked on truck tyres in case the provisions of paragraph 6.2.5. are applied.
5.1.6. Letters M+S or M.S for winter tyres, or M&S or the word “All seasons” for tyres intendedfor all seasons.
5.1.7.The tyre capacity index, according to the definition stated in paragraph 4.29 of these technical regulations.
5.1.8. The word “TUBELESS” if the tyres are intended for use without inner tubes.
5.1.9.The words “REINFORCED” or “EXTRA LOAD” in case of reinforced tyres for passenger vehicles.
5.1.10. The date of production in four digits, the first two indicating the week of production and the last twoindicating the year of production.
5.1.11. The conventional sign “v” in diameter not less than 20 mm or the word “REGROOVABLE” shall be embossed on either sidewall of restored tyres intended for trucks.
5.1.12.Theair pressure figure of inflated truck tyres, which must be maintained during the tests determining the steadiness of the tyre depending on speed and load,shall becalculated with the help of the pressure index “PSI” set forth in Table E of Appendix E of these technical regulations.
5.1.13. The marking of tyre corresponding to the structure of the rim, if it is different from the standard structure.
5.1.14. The sign “TWI” that shows the spacefor placing the wear index on the shoulder of the protective layer.
5.1.15. The sign of tyre balance (for passenger vehicles and light trucks).
5.1.16. The sign of the direction of rotation (in case the pattern shows the direction); the sign of tyre balancing intended for passenger vehicles.
5.1.17. “All steel”for all-metal-based tyres.
5.2. There must be some free space on the tyre,forplacing thesign of the official approval of the tyre type. The formof the sign of the official approval of tyre typemust be consistent with the requirements defined by rules EEKOON N 30 and N 54.
5.3.The marking of the sign of the official approval of the tyre type and other markings described in paragraph5.1 of these technical regulations shall be embossed on the tyre.
5.4. The sign of conformity setaccording to the laws of the Republic of Armenia testifyingthe official recognition of the tyre meeting the requirements of these technical regulationsmay be stamped in the accompanying technical documentation.
5.5. Besides the markingslisted in paragraph 5.1, additional markingsare allowed bythe consumers’ consent.
6. Characteristics of pneumatic tyres
6.1.Dimensions of tyres
6.1.1. Tyre profile width
6.1.1.1.The width of the tyre’s profile shall be calculated using the following formula:
S=S1+K(A-A1),
where
S- is the width of the profile in mm, as measured on the measuring rim.
S1 - is the size of the nominal width of the profile indicated on the sidewalls of the tyres.
A - is the width of the measuring rim in mm, indicatedby the manufacturer in the technical description.
If the conventional figure is in conventional units, then it shall be multiplied by 25.4 to be converted to millimetres.
A1 - is the width of the theoretical rim in mm.
The value S1 multiplied by the factor x set by the manufacturer is applied for A1 and the value 0.4 is applied for K.
6.1.1.2.For the types of tyres whose markings are listed in the first columns of the tables of Appendix A of these technical regulations, the widths of profile must be the same as the data listed in these tables next to the markings of the tyre types.
6.1.2. The outer diameter of tyres
6.1.2.1. The outer diameter of tyres is calculated using the following formula:
D=d+2H
where
D - is the outer diameter in mm.
d - is a conventional figure calculated according to subparagraph 3 of paragraph 4.18.1 of these technical regulations.
If the conventional figure is in conventional units, then it shall be multiplied by 25.4 to be convertedto millimetres.
S1- is the width of the nominal profile in mm.
Rd- is the ratio of the height of the nominal profile to its width;
H - is the height of the nominal profile in mm, which is equal to S1x 0.01Rd.
All these valuesmust correspond to the requirements setforth inparagraph 3.3 of these technical regulations, in accordance with the marking of sizes indicated on the sidewalls of the tyres.