Distinguish Between Specific and Nonspecific Lines of Defense

Chapter 43:

Distinguish between specific and nonspecific lines of defense

Describe the 4 methods of the 1st line of defense

List the 4 methods of the 2nd line of defense

Where do RBC’s, WBC’s and platelets form? What kind of cells divide to form them?

Name the 4 phagocytic WBC’s in the 2nd line of defense and state the role each has

Explain what happens in the inflammatory response

Describe the roles of histamine, prostaglandins and chemokines in the inflammatory response

What do pyrogens do and how does this help fight pathogens?

What is the compliment system?

What does interferon do?

What is septic shock and what causes it?

Name the 2 types of lymphocytes, state where they are located in the body and the line of defense they are part of.

Explain how different B and T cells differ from each other and how many different kinds are formed

Name the 2 cells that an activated B cell divides into and explain how they differ in function

Explain differences between primary and secondary immune response

Compare humoral and cell mediated immunity

What does each MHC receptor do and in what type of cell?

Describe the process of cell mediated immunity

Describe the process of humoral immunity

Explain connection between cell mediated and humoral immune response

Explain 5 methods of antibody function

Define immunoglobin

Compare active and passive immunity including how vaccinations work

Explain body’s response to wrong ABO blood and wrong Rh factor

Explain what happens in allergic reactions and anaphalactic shock

Define autoimmune disease, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and immunodeficiency disease

Explain the process of developing AIDS including comparing HIV, T cell and antibody concentrations over 10 years

Chapter 44

Define osmoregulation, regulator and conformer

Name the 3 forms nitrogenous wastes are excreted in ranked from most to least toxic, state relative amount of water needed to excrete them and name animals that use each.

Compare isoosmotic, hyperosmotic, hypoosmotic

Define osmoloarity and state its unit of measurement

Explain how marine fish, freshwater fish and land animals each deal with their environments in terms of keeping water balance

Compare excretory systems of planaria, annelids and insects

Name 3 human excretory organs and what each excretes

Locate and state functions of kidney, ureter, urethra, and urinary bladder

Locate Bowman’s capsule, glomerulus, ascending and descending loop of Henle, collecting ducts in nephron. Locate renal cortex and medulla relative to them.

Locate afferent and efferent arterioles, peritubular capillaries and vasa recta

Compare cortical and juxtamedulliary nephrons

Explain how a nephron works including what is actively and passively transported in different parts

Explain osmoloarity changes in the filtrate and interstitial fluids around the nephrons and their significance

Explain the feedback loops when blood osmolarity is too high and what happens to cause high blood osmolarity

Explain the feedback loop involved when BP and blood volume are too high

Explain the feedback loop involved when the blood pressure and blood volume are too low (osmolarity too low)

Discuss the differences in kidneys

between mammals and other vertebrates.