Your Name: ______

Period 2: Dissecting Primary Sources

For APUSH essay writing, full credit will be earned by thoroughly analyzing all evidence used in support of a thesis. The first steps to understanding this skill is to understand the difference between describing an event or topic, and analyzing it. Read these sources below, making sure you “talk to the text” in the margins. Then answer the points that follow each excerpt.

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John Winthrop and the “City upon a Hill” (1630)

From sermon “A Model of Christian Charity”

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

In 1630, English attorney John Winthrop sat writing aboard theArbella, bound for North America. As the ship pitched in the Atlantic waves, Winthrop penned a sermon for the 900 congregants he would provide spiritual guidance to in the Massachusetts Bay colony. Already chosen governor, Winthrop intended his words to focus, challenge, and inspire the little community.

“Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke and to provide for our posterity is to followe the Counsell of Micah, to doe Justly, to love mercy, to walke humbly with our God, for this end, wee must be knitt together in this worke as one man, wee must entertaine each other in brotherly Affeccion, wee must be willing to abridge our selves of our superfluities, for the supply of others necessities, wee must uphold a familiar Commerce together in all meekenes, gentlenes, patience and liberallity, wee must delight in eache other, make others Condicions our ownerejoyce together, mourne together, labour, and suffer together, allwayeshaveing before our eyes our Commission and Community in the worke, our Community as members of the same body, soe shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace, the Lord will be our God and delight to dwell among us, as his owne people and will commaund a blessing upon us in all our wayes, soe that wee shall see much more of his wisdome power goodnes and truthe then formerly wee have beene acquainted with, wee shall finde that the God of Israell is among us, when tenn of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our enemies, when hee shall make us a prayse and glory, that men shall say of succeeding plantacions: the lord make it like that of New England: for wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill, the eies of all people are uppon us; soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our god in this worke wee have undertaken and soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us, wee shall be made a story and a byword through the world, wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speakeevill of the wayes of god and all professours for Gods sake; wee shall shame the faces of many of gods worthy servants, and cause theire prayers to be turned into Cursses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whether wee are going”

  1. Describe what John Winthrop is saying in this speech.
  1. Analyze possible reactions of his audience (short or long term):

The Navigation Act.

[Oct. 9, 1651. Scobell's Acts of Parliament, pt. ii, p. 176. SeeCommonwealth and Protectorate

For the increase of the shipping and the encouragement of the navigation of this nation, whichunder the good providence and protection of God is so great a means of the welfare and safety of this Commonwealth: be it enacted by this present Parliament, and the authority thereof, that from and after the first day of December, one thousand six hundred fifty and one, and from thence forwards, no goods or commodities whatsoever of the growth, production or manufacture of Asia, Africa or America, or of any part thereof; or of any islands belonging to them, or which are described or laid down in the usual maps or cards of those places, as well of the English plantations as others, shall be imported or brought into this Commonwealth of England, or into Ireland, or any other lands, islands, plantations, or territories to this Commonwealth belonging, or in their possession, in any other ship or ships, vessel or vessels whatsoever, but only in such as do truly and without fraud belong only to the people of this Commonwealth, or the plantations thereof, as the proprietors or right owners thereof; and whereof the master and mariners are also for the most part of them of the people of this Commonwealth, under the penalty of the forfeiture and loss of all the goods that shall be imported contrary to this act; as also of the ship (with all her tackle, guns and apparel) in which the said goods or commodities shall be so brought in and imported; the one moiety to the use of the Commonwealth, and the other moiety to the use and behoof of any person or persons who shall seize the goods or commodities, and shall prosecute the same in any court of record within this Commonwealth.

Directions: Answer below, you do not need to write in complete sentences.

  1. DESCRIBE: What are the major points of this section of the law?
  1. ANALYZE: Provide historical examples of ways colonists reacted to the Navigation Acts: