~ AP United States Government & Politics: Review Packet ~
1
Unit I – Foundations of American Government
Chap. 1
Democracy
Direct Democracy
Elite and class theory
Government
Gross domestic product
Hyperpluralism
Individualism
Linkage institutions
Majority rule
Minority rights
Pluralist theory
Policy agenda
Policy gridlock
Policymaking institutions
Policymaking system
Political culture
Political issue
Political participation
Politics
Public goods
Public policy
Representation
Republic
Single-issue groups
Chap. 2
17th Amendment
3/5’s Compromise
Anti-Federalists
Articles of Confederation
Bicameral
Bill of attainder
Bill of Rights
Checks and balances
Connecticut Compromise
Consent of the governed
Constitution
Equal Rights Amendment
Ex post facto law
Factions
Federalist Papers
Federalists
Judicial review
Limited government
Marbury v. Madison
Natural rights
New Jersey Plan
Republic
Separation of powers
Shays’ Rebellion
Suffrage
Tyranny of the majority
Virginia Plan
Writ of habeas corpus
Chap. 3
10th Amendment
Block grants
Categorical grants
Commerce Clause
Confederate government
Cooperative federalism
Dual federalism
Elastic clause
Enumerated powers
Extradition
Federalism
Fiscal federalism
Formula grants
Full faith and credit
Gibbons v. Ogden
Implied powers
Intergovernmental relations
Mandates
McCulloch v. Maryland
Police powers
Privileges and immunities
Project grants
Sovereign
Supremacy clause
Unitary government
Unit II – Public Opinion, Political Parties & Interest Groups
Chap. 6
Census
Civil disobedience
Conservatism
Demography
Exit poll
Gender gap
Group Benefits Voters
Gubernatorial
Ideologues
Liberalism
Melting pot
Minority majority
Nature of the Times Voters
No Issue Content Voters
Political culture
Political ideology
Political participation
Political socialization
Protest
Public opinion
Random sampling
Random-digit dialing
Reapportionment
Sample
Sampling error
Simpson-Mazzoli Act
Chap. 8
Blanket primaries
Closed primaries
Coalition
Critical Election
Divided Government
General election
Independents
Linkage institutions
National chairperson
National convention
New Deal coalition
Nomination
Open primaries
Party competition
Party dealignment
Party eras
Party identification
Party image
Party in government
Party in the electorate
Party machines
Party neutrality
Party organization
Party realignment
Patronage
Political party
Proportional representation
Rational-choice theory
Responsible Party Model
Third parties
Ticket-splitting
Top-Two Primary
Winner-take-all system
Chap. 11
AARP
Actual group
Amicus curiae briefs
Class action lawsuits
Collective Good
Electioneering
Elite theory
Free-rider problem
Hyperpluralist theory
Incumbents
Interest group
Interest Group Liberalism
Interlocking directorates
Iron Triangles
Litigation
Lobbying
NAACP
NOW
Olson’s law of large groups
Pluralist theory
Political action committees (PACs)
Potential group
Propagandizing
Public interest lobbies
Right-to-work laws
Selective benefits
Subgovernments
Taft Hartley Act
Union shop
Unit III – Elections & the Media
Chap. 9
527’s
Bi-partisan Campaign Reform Act
Buckley v. Valeo
Campaign manager
Campaign strategy
Caucus
Direct mail
Federal Election Campaign Act
Federal Election Commission (FEC)
Frontloading
General election
Hard money
Independent expenditures
Individual contributions
Image ad
Issue ad
McGovern-Fraser Commission
Media consultant
National party convention
National primary
Nomination
Party platform
Plurality
Political Action Committees (PAC’s)
Precinct
Presidential primaries
Press secretary
Public financing
Regional primaries
Selective perception
Soft money
Super Tuesday
Superdelegates
Chap. 10
12th Amendment
Bandwagon propaganda
Bush v. Gore
Card-Stacking propaganda
Casework
Civic duty
Credit-claiming
Electoral College
Franking privilege
Glittering Generalities propaganda
Incumbency advantage
Initiative petition
Legitimacy
Mandate Theory of Elections
Motor Voter Act
Name-Calling propaganda
Open seat
Plain Folks propaganda
Policy voting
Political efficacy
Political legitimacy
Plurality
Pork barrel
Recall
Redistricting
Referendum
Retrospective voting
Slippery Slope propaganda
Straw Man propaganda
Suffrage
Testimonial propaganda
Transfer propaganda
Voter registration
Chap. 7
Beats
Broadcast media
Candidate-centered politics
Federal Communications Commission
Fireside chats
High-tech politics
“Horse race” journalism
Investigative journalism
Mass media
Media chains
Media event
Narrowcasting
Policy agenda
Policy entrepreneurs
Press conference
Print media
Sound bites
Talking head
Trial balloons
Unit IV – Public Policy
Chap. 17
Antitrust Policy
Bond
Capitalism
Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914
Collective bargaining
Command economy
Consumer price index (CPI)
Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC)
Discount rates
Federal Reserve System
Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
Fiscal policy
Food & Drug Administration (FDA)
Globalization
Indexed
Inflation
Keynesian economic theory
Labor union
Laissez-faire
Minimum wage
Mixed economy
Monetarism
Monetary policy
Multinational corporations
National Labor Relations Act
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
Outsourcing
Private sector
Protectionism
Public sector
Reserve rates
Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC)
Supply-side economics
Taft-Hartley Act of 1947
Unemployment rate
World Trade Organization
Chap. 18
Earned Income Tax Credit
Entitlement programs
Feminization of poverty
Income
Income distribution
Means-tested programs
Medicaid
Medicare (Part A)
Medicare (Part B)
Medicare (Part D)
Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) of 1981
Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act
Poverty line
Progressive tax
Proportional tax
Regressive tax
Social Security Act of 1935
Social Security Trust Fund
Social welfare policies
Tax incidence
Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF)
Transfer payments
Unemployment Insurance (UI)
Wealth
Chap. 19
Clean Air Act
Defensive medicine
Endangered Species Act
Emissions Trading
Environmental impact statement (EIS)
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Health maintenance organizations (HMOs)
Infant Mortality Rate
Kyoto Agreement of 1997
Life expectancy
Malpractice suits
Medicaid
Medicare
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
National health insurance
National Institutes of Health
Superfund
Toxic waste
Water Pollution Control Act
Unit V – The Executive Branch
Chapter 13
22nd Amendment
25th Amendment
Bully Pulpit
Cabinet
Chief Diplomat
Chief Executive
Chief Legislator
Chief of State
Chief of the Party
Commander in Chief
Council of Economic Advisors (CEA)
Executive Agreement
Executive Order
Executive Privilege
Honeymoon period
Impeachment
Indicted
Lame Duck Period
Legislative Veto
Line-item veto
Mandatory Spending
Midterm Elections
National Security Council (NSC)
Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
Party Polarization
Pocket veto
Presidential coattails
Rally Event
Recess appointments
Veto
War Powers Resolution
Watergate
Chapter 15
Administrative discretion
Bureaucracy
Cabinet Departments
Civil Service
Command-and-control policy
Consumer Product Safety Commission
Deregulation
Executive orders
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
General Services Administration
Governmental corporations
GS (General Schedule) rating
Hatch Act
Independent executive agency
Independent regulatory agency
Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)
Iron triangles
Issue networks
Merit Principle
Munn vs. Illinois
Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
Office of Personnel Management (OPM)
Patronage
Pendleton Civil Service Act
Plum book
Policy implementation
Regulation
Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC)
Senior Executive Service
Standard operating procedures
Street-level bureaucrats
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Chap. 20
Arms race
Balance of trade
Bush Doctrine
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Cold War
Containment doctrine
Détente
Director of National Intelligence (“Intelligence Czar”)
Economic Sanctions
European Union (EU)
Foreign aid
Foreign policy
Foreign Service
Interdependency
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Isolationism
Joint Chiefs of Staff
McCarthyism
Military Industrial Complex
Monroe Doctrine
National Security Advisor
National Security Council (NSC)
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Country (OPEC)
Secretary of Defense
Secretary of State
Strategic Arms Limitations Talks (SALT)
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)
Tariff
Trade deficit
United Nations (UN)
UN General Assembly
UN Secretary General
UN Security Council
World Trade Organization (WTO)
Unit VI – The Legislative Branch
Chap. 12
17th Amendment
27th Amendment
Advice & consent
Apportionment
Baker v. Carr
Bicameral legislature
Bill
Casework
Caucus
Christmas Tree Bill
Cloture
Commerce Clause
Committee chairs
Conference committees
Cracking
Delegates
Descriptive Representation
Discharge Petition
Earmarks
Elastic Clause
Expressed Powers
Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act
Filibuster
Franking Privilege
General Accounting Office (GAO)
Germane rule
Gerrymandering
Gibbons v. Ogden
Holds
House Majority Leader
House Rules Committee
Implied Powers
Incumbents
Junkets
Legislative oversight
Marked-up bill
McCulloch v. Maryland
Mid-Term Elections
Minority leader
Omnibus Bill
Packing
Pigeonhole
Pork barrel
President Pro Tempore
Ranking Member
Reapportionment
Reciprocity / Logrolling
Redistricting
Resolution
Revenue-Raising Bill
Rider
Safe Seats
Select committees
Senate Majority Leader
Seniority system
Shaw v. Reno
Speaker of the House
Standing committees
Subcommittee
Substantive Representation
Sunbelt
Sunset Legislation
Trustee
U.S. Term Limits, Inc. vs. Thornton
Whips
Chap. 14
16th Amendment
Appropriations bill
Authorization bill
Balanced Budget Amendment
Budget
Budget & Accounting Act of 1921
Budget resolution
Congressional Budget & Impoundment Control Act of 1974
Congressional Budget Office (CBO)
Continuing resolutions
Deficit
Discretionary spending
Excise Taxes
Expenditures
Federal debt
House Ways & Means Committee
Income tax
Incrementalism
Mandatory spending
Progressive Tax
Reconciliation
Revenues
Senate Finance Committee
Social Insurance Taxes
Social Security Trust Fund
Tax expenditures
Tax loopholes
Tax reform
Uncontrollable expenditures
Unit VII – The Judicial Branch
1
Chap. 4
1stAmendment
2ndAmendment
3rd Amendment
4th Amendment
5thAmendment
6thAmendment
8thAmendment
9th Amendment
14thAmendment
Civil liberties
Commercial speech
Compelling Interest Test
Cruel and unusual punishment
Double Jeopardy
Due Process Clause
Eminent domain
Establishment clause
Exclusionary rule
Free exercise clause
Habeas Corpus
Libel
Plea bargaining
Prior restraint
Probable cause
Right to assemble
Right to associate
Right to privacy
Search warrant
Selective incorporation
Self-incrimination
Shield laws
Slander
Symbolic speech
Unreasonable search & seizure
Warren Court
Chap. 5
13th Amendment
15th Amendment
17th Amendment
19th Amendment
23rd Amendment
24th Amendment
26th Amendment
Affirmative action
Americans with Disabilities Act
Commission
Comparable worth
Citizenship clause
Coverture
Civil disobedience
Civil rights
Civil Rights Act of 1964
De facto segregation
De jure segregation
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
Equal Protection Clause
Equal Rights Amendment Grandfather Clause
Poll taxes
Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions
Suffrage
Three Levels of Judicial Scrutiny
Title IX of the Education Act
Voter Literacy Tests
Voting Rights Act of 1965
White primary
Chap. 16
Amicus curiae briefs
Appellate jurisdiction
Briefs
Civil law
Class action suits
Circuit Courts
Criminal law
Defendant
Dissenting opinion
District courts
Due process
Judicial activism
Judicial restraint
Judicial review
Judiciary Act of 1789
Jurisprudence
Litigants
Litigation
Majority opinion
Oral arguments
Original jurisdiction
Original intent
Per Curiam decisions
Plaintiff
Political questions
Precedent
Public defenders
Rule of 4
Senatorial courtesy
Solicitor general
Standing to sue
Stare decisis
Statutory construction
U.S. Attorney
Writ of certiorari
1
~ Federal Legislation to Know ~
1
National Voter Registration Bill (“Motor Voter Act” 1993)
Federal Election Campaign Acts (1971-1974)
Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Bill (1985)
War Powers Act (1973)
Personal Responsibility Act (1996) (Welfare Reform Act)
Budget and Impoundment Control Act (1974)
Freedom of Information Act (1974)
Hatch Act (1939)
National Environmental Policy Act (1969)
Air Quality and Clean Air Acts (1960-90)
Communications Decency Act (1997)
Religious Freedom Restoration Act (1993)
Title IX of Education Act of 1972
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Civil Rights Act of 1968
Age Discrimination in Employment Act (1967)
Americans with Disabilities Act (1990)
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (1995)
National Labor Relations Act
Water Pollution Control Act of 1972
Endangered Species Act of 1973
Pendleton Civil Service Act
Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002
PATRIOT Act
No Child Left Behind
1
~ Supreme Court Cases to Know ~
1
Chap. 4
Barron v. Baltimore (1833)
Gitlow v. New York (1925)
Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971)
Engel v. Vitale (1962)
Abington v. Schempp (1963)
Near v. Minnesota (1931)
Schenck v. United States (1919)
Zurcher v. Stanford Daily (1976)
Roth v. United States (1957)
Miller v. California (1973)
New York Times v. Sullivan (1964)
Texas v. Johnson (1989)
NAACP v. Alabama (1958)
Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
Gregg v. Georgia (1976)
McCleskey v. Kemp (1987)
Roe v. Wade (1973)
Griswald v. Connecticut (1965)
Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992)
Chap. 5
Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
Korematsu v. United States (1944)
Reed v. Reed (1971)
Craig v. Boren (1976)
Regents of the UC Berkley v. Bakke (1978)
Chap. 16
Marbury v. Madison
United States v. Nixon
Review Cases
McCulloch v. Maryland
Gibbons v. Ogden
Shaw v. Reno (1993)
Baker v. Carr (1962)
Buckley v. Valeo (1976)
1
1