Biol 218 F 2012 Mtx 4 Qa Ns 121121.1

Biology 218 – Human Anatomy

MTX 4 NS / Session:
Section:
Days / Time: Instructor: / Fall 2012
52999
MW 5:00 PM – 9:20 PM
RIDDELL

Nervous System

Functions of the nervous system include which of the following?

A) controlling and adjusting the activities of the other systems

B) receiving input from the senses

C) stimulating muscles and glands to contract

D) integrating and processing data

E) All of the answers are correct.

The central nervous system (CNS) includes the

A) brain.

B) spinal cord.

C) nerves.

D) brain and spinal cord.

E) nerves and muscles.

The anatomical subdivisions of the nervous system are (the)

A) central and peripheral nervous systems.

B) dorsal and ventral nervous systems.

C) appendicular and axial nervous systems.

D) autonomic and somatic nervous systems.

E) None of the answers are correct.

Subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) include

A) the somatic nervous system.

B) the autonomic nervous system.

C) the special sensory receptors.

D) the visceral sensory receptors.

E) All of the answers are correct.

Functions of the peripheral nervous system include

A) providing sensory information to the CNS only.

B) making higher order decisions to interpret sensory inputs.

C) carrying motor commands to the peripheral tissues and systems only.

D) carrying information up and down the spinal cord.

E) providing sensory information to the CNS and carrying motor commands to the peripheral tissues and systems.

Receptors may be classified as

A) effectors and muscles.

B) somatic and visceral.

C) glands and muscles.

D) voluntary and involuntary.

E) subconscious and conscious.

Which of the following is the most common type of neurons in the central nervous system, and is exemplified by all the motor neurons that control skeletal muscle?

anaxonic neurons
multipolar neurons
pseudounipolar neurons
bipolar neurons

Histologically, neural tissue dominated by myelinated axons is defined as ______.

white matter
neuroglia
neural cortex
gray matter

The complex of statoconia (densely packed calcium carbonate crystals) and gelatinous matrix in the inner ear is called a/an ______.

auricle
endolymphatic duct
ossicle
endolymphatic sac
otolith

Which of the following is considered a "special" sense?

Aproprioception

B exteroception

C interoception

A synapse between neurons may involve a synaptic terminal and which of the following structures?

a dendrite
an axon
a cell body
all of the above

Which of the following divisions carries motor commands to muscles and glands?

the efferent division of the peripheral nervous system
the afferent division of the peripheral nervous system
the afferent division of the central nervous system
the efferent division of the central nervous system

The parasympathetic division of the ANS ______.

has preganglionic fibers that release ACh, stimulating ganglionic neurons
predominates under resting conditions
consists of preganglionic fibers originating in either the brain stem or the sacral spinal cord
all of the above

Match the type of receptor to its functional classification.

SENSE / Receptor Class / Mechanism of Action

Touch C
Pain D
Equilibrium AB
Audition C
Gustation A
Vision E
Creative Thought B

Chemical
Cognitive / Perceptive
Mechainical / Baro
Nociceptive
Photoceptive

AB. Proprioceptive

Fill in the missing meninges and associated spaces going from superficial to deep. See COLUMN XI for choices. The most superficial layers and the deepest layer are already included in the following list.

Brain
Scalp Integuement
Epicranialaponeurosis
Periosteum
Cranium / skull

___ Name this meninx / membrane dura AC
____Name this meninx / membrane arachnoid A
____Name this fluid filled space sub arach ACD
____Name this meninx / membrane pia CE

Cerebral cortex

Classify the types of matter based on their anatomical relationship. Mark A for White and B for Gray

Location / Cortex / Periphery / Medulla / Center
Cerebrum /

Cerebellum /

Spinal Cord /

Neuron Type and Function Fill In the following Table of Classification

Classification of the Major Divisions and Responsibilities of the Nervous System See COLUMN XII for choices

Cell / Responsibility(Mark all that apply) / Division Location

_____Schwan CE

/ Myelination of Axons /

PNS BE

Ependymal /

CSF Production AB

/ CNS
Oligodendrocyte / Myelination of Axons /

CNS E

`__Astrocyte D

Structure and Blood Barrier Protection, Nutrient and Neurotransmitter regulation ABC

/ CNS

___Microglia AD

/ Phagocytosis / CNS

___Satellite CD

/ Structure, Blood Barrier Protection, Nutrient Neurotransmitter regulation / PNS

Major or Vertebral Plexi See Column of choices on this page

This is an Illustration of the ______perspective ANTERIOR B
Name the complex of nerves just superior to this one in the illustration CERVICAL E
Name this complex of nerves as illustrated BRACHIAL C
Name this region of branches % (travel a short distance before branching”) TRUNKS BCE
If the information in this illustration is motor, which direction is it headed? EFFERENT BC
Name these structures + CORDS AC

Illustration of Nerve Architecture Note region of vertebrae
($ indicates the region termed ventral roots) / CODE / CHOICES
/ A
B
C
D
E
AB
AC
AD
AE
BC
BD
BE
CD
CE
DE
ABC
ABD
ABE
ACD
ACE
ADE
BCE
BDE / Afferent
Anterior
Brachial Plexus
Celiac Plexus
Cervical Plexus
Cervical Vertebrae
Cords
Cranial Nerves
Divisions
Efferent
Left
Lumbar Plexus
Motor
Nerves
Peripheral Nerves
Posterior
RamiCommunicantes
Right
Roots
Sensory
Thoracic Nerves
Trunks
Vertebrae

Schematic Diagram of Nervous System Functional Organization

Fill in the missing labels. Use Column XXII for choices

Name this division # AB CNS
Name this receptor $ ABE VISCERAL

Name this division % ABD SYMPATH
Name this division ? ABC SOMATIC

Page 1 of 23 BIOL 218 F 2012 MTX 4 QA NS 121120.2

Biology 218 – Human Anatomy

MTX 4 NS / Session:
Section:
Days / Time: Instructor: / Fall 2012
52999
MW 5:00 PM – 9:20 PM
RIDDELL

CNS Structure and Function. Fill in the following table. Note DIFFERENT COLUMNS for choices.

Major Anatomical Structure / Region
ANSWER from Column XI / Minor / Sub Structure Region
Column XI / Function
ANSWER
from Column XIV
Cerebrum / Contains Gray and White Matter of the Brain, Cortex, Tracts and Ganglia

Cerebral Cortex E

____Synthesizes thought and memory and desire, conscience and consciousness DE

Performs higher level analytical functions, voluntary movement, sensory interpretation, association and integration
Determines “personality”
Cerebral Tracts AB / Association, Commissural and Projection nerve pathways
Diencephalon / Contains all Thalamic structures
Epithalamus BC / Secretes melatonin that controls our daily rhythms and is responsible for sleep cycle
Contains Pineal Gland

____Thalamus BDE

/ Processes, integrates and may determine both Emotion and Memory
Receive(s) all sensory input except smell
Relays all sensory input from brain stem to cerebral cortex
Subthalamus / Superior extensions of the Substantianigra and Red nucleus

____Hypothalamus BE

/ Maintain homeostasis and is responsible for regulating hunger, sleep, thirst, body temperature and water balance
Controls pituitary gland with hormones and neurotransmitters

CNS Structure and Function continued

Major Anatomical Structure / Region
ANSWER from Column XI / Minor / Sub Structure Region
Column XI / Function
ANSWER
from Column XIV
Cerebellum / Coordinates body movements, posture, fine motor control and proprioception
Regulates posture, balance and interprets intended movement with actual movement

____Brain Stem C

/ Contains the midbrain, Pons, medulla oblongata and RAS
Midbrain / Mesencephalon / AV data processing, alertness lower consciousness
Regulates alertness, RAS association
Relay station between the cerebrum and spinal cord and / or cerebellum; reflex center

___Pons ABD

/ Transmits Sensory information to cerebellum and thalamus
Coordinates information bilaterally within cerebellum and between medulla oblongata and midbrain and regulates breathing

______Medulla Oblongata CD

/ Relays sensory and motor input from spinal cord to brain, right side to left side and vice versa crossover of many spinal nerves
Regulates consciousness, heart rate, coughing breathing and sneezing and digestion homeostasis
Cross-over relay of sensory information to thalamus, brain stem, ANS
Cranial Nerve / Brain and Brain Stem / 12 Pairs of nerves that carry Sensory and Motor information directly to regions within the brain

CNS Structure and Function continued

Major Anatomical Structure / Region
ANSWER from Column XI / Minor / Sub Structure Region
Column XIII / Function
ANSWER
from Column XIV

____Spinal Cord ACD

/ Connects SNS and CNS to all levels of the Brain
Protected by the vertebral column
Protected by spinal meninges
White Matter / Myelinated Ascending and Descending Tracts / Bundles SENSORY information and transports to higher centers

Bundles MOTOR information and transports to lower centers and effectors B

Gray Matter, densely nucleated / Synapse and collateral transmission for SENSORY information to ascending tracts and reflex arcs
Spinal Nerve / Contains and bundles of Peripheral nerves
Carries Motor and Sensory information to and from the Vertebral CNS
Dorsal Root / Carries Sensory nerve impulses from receptors
Carries afferent nerve impulses
Dorsal Root Ganglion / Contains Cell bodies of SENSORY nerve fibers
Ventral Root / Carries Motor nerve impulses to effector targets

____Carries efferent nerve impulses D

Peripheral Nerve DE

/ Transmits SNS and ANS information between the somatic and visceral receptor and to and from the CNS
Sensory Receptor /

Responds to Determined stimulus CE

Motor Effector / Muscles, Smooth, Cardiac and skeletal, Glands

Page 1 of 23 BIOL 218 F 2012 MTX 4 QA NS 121120.2

Biology 218 – Human Anatomy

MTX4 NS / Session:
Section:
Days / Time: Instructor: / Fall 2012
52999
M W 5:00 PM – 9:20 PM
RIDDELL

Complete the following Table of Cranial Nerves. Select choices from the INDICATED COLUMNS. Hint: What is the rational for this classification?

Nerve
Column XVI / ROM. Num.
Column XVI / Region (s) of Innervations / Principal Function
Column XVII / Primary
Sensory / Motor / Both
Column XVI
Vestibulocochlear /

V111 ADE

/ Vestibule Semicircular canals and cochlea / equilibrium and hearing / Special Sensory
Vagus /

X BCD

Head, neck, throat, thorax, viscera, heart, GI, gallbladder, intestines / proprioception autonomic NS E

/ Mixed

TrochlearBC

/ 1V / Eye and Midbrain / eye movement and proprioception / Motor
Trigeminal / V /

Eye, nose, scalp / pain, pressure, touch, eyelid, teeth, lip, pain, pressure, touch, and mouth, tongue, head, mucosa, / pain, pressure, touch D

Mixed ABCD

Optic / 11 /

____Retina / vision

/ Special Sensory
Olfactory / 1 /

____Olfactory bulbs / smell AB

/ Special Sensory
Oculomotor / 111 /

____Eye / eye movement A

/ Motor
Hypoglossal /

X11 BDE

/ Tongue, medulla / swallowing, speech / Motor ABCE

Glosso-pharyngeal D

/ 1X / Tongue, neck, carotids, parotids / taste, swallowing, baroception, chemception / salivation BE / Mixed
Facial /

___V11 ACE

/ Tongue, face scalp, neck / taste, propioception, movement, lacrimation, salivation / Mixed
Accessory / X1 / Pharynx, larynx, palate / swallowing, proprioception, head and neck movement /

Motor ABCE

Abducens / V1 / Eye and pons / eye movement and proprioception / Motor

Page 1 of 23 BIOL 218 F 2012 MTX 4 QA NS 121121.1

Biology 218 – Human Anatomy

MTX4 NS / Session:
Section:
Days / Time: Instructor: / Fall 2012
52999
M W 5:00 PM – 9:20 PM
RIDDELL

AutonomicNervous System

SYSTEM A / SYSTEM B

Fill in the following classification Table. Match System A or B with the respective functions.

Place a check mark in the appropriate column A or B. Mark AB if both and C if not applicable to either system.

Function / SYSTEM A / SYSTEM B

Stimulates pancreas to release insulin PB
Operates continuously to mange homeostasis PB
Vertebral ganglia SA
Terminal Ganglia PB
Operates in acute response situations SA

General Anatomy

Match the English term with its Greek and / or Latin root, prefix or suffix

TERM / Greek / Latin Derivation
Root, Prefix and / or Suffix / CODE

Bundle BE
Ear ABCD
Eye BCE
Pain BCD
Tongue CD
Vision BDE
Weight / pressure A

/ Baro
Brachi
Brevis
Cerebro
Coel
Contra
Crani
Dys
Endo
Ecto
Epi
Fasicul
Glosso
Infra
Inter
Intra
Ipsi
Iso
Lemma
Mamil
Morpho
Noce
Oculus
Optos
Os
Oto
Peri
Retro
Therm / A
B
C
D
E
AB
AC
AD
AE
BC
BD
BE
CD
CE
DE
ABC
ABD
ABE
ACD
ACE
ADE
BCD
BCE
BDE
CDE
ABCD
ABCE
ABDE
ACDE

A first-order neuron is

A) the first neuron in any pathway.

B) a neuron that extends down the spinal cord.

C) the sensory neuron that brings information from the receptor to the CNS.

D) one that projects the motor homunculus to the parietal lobe of the cerebellum.

E) None of the answers are correct.

Answer: C

Section Title: Sensory and Motor Tracts

Learning Outcome: 15.1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

A neuron that ascends the spinal cord or brain stem and usually ends in the thalamus is a(n)

A) upper motor neuron.

B) lower motor neuron.

C) first-order neuron.

D) second-order neuron.

E) third-order neuron.

Neurons extending from the thalamus, through the internal capsule, and to the somatosensory cortex are

A) pyramidal cells.

B) first-order neurons.

C) second-order neurons.

D) third-order neurons.

E) None of the answers are correct.

The information the body receives from a receptor detecting a stimulus and recognize a change is called a

A) perception.

B) feedback.

C) a preprogrammed response.

D) thinking.

E) sensation.

The spinothalamic tract is

A) descending.

B) motor.

C) ascending.

D) efferent.

E) transverse.

Motor neurons exit the spinal cord through the

A) posterior gray horn.

B) anterior gray horn.

C) midbrain and hypothalamus.

D) ventral root.

E) dorsal root.

Conscious thought processes and all intellectual functions originate in (the)

A) cerebral hemispheres.

B) cerebellum.

C) medulla oblongata.

D) corpuscallosum.

E) None of the answers are correct.

Which organ contains 95 percent of the neural tissue in the body?

A) spinal cord

B) nerves

C) thalamus

D) brain

E) None of the answers are correct.

Match the name of the fibers and tracts with their corresponding connection responsibility

Tracts / Fibers / CODE / Connection
Association
Arcuate

Commissural E

Longitudinal

Projection B

/ A
B
C
D
E / Cortex to Cortex in same hemisphere
Cortex to lower portions of CNS
Frontal lobe with other lobes
Gyri in the same lobe
Lobe to Lobe in opposite hemispheres

Page 1 of 23 BIOL 218 F 2012 MTX 4 QA NS 121121.1

Biology 218 – Human Anatomy

MTX4 NS / Session:
Section:
Days / Time: Instructor: / Fall 2012
52999
M W 5:00 PM – 9:20 PM
RIDDELL

Vocabulary Match the numbered term wits it most specific definition

TERM / CODE / Definition
ANS

Axon ABD

Cerebellar Cortex
Cerebral Cortex
CNS

Column AE
Dendrite ACE

Ganglia
Gray Matter

Motor Neuron E

Myelin
Nerve
Neural Cortex
Neuroglia

NeuronBC

Nucleus
Pathway
PNS
Sesory Neuron
Soma
Tract
White Matter / A
B
C
D
E
AB
AC
AD
AE
BC
BD
BE
CD
CE
DE
ABC
ABD
ABE
ACD
ACE
ADE / Anatomically distinct collection of cell bodies
Body of the cell hosting the majority of the organelles
Brain and spinal cord
Bundle of axons
Specialized / dedicated neurons that carry action potentials to effectors
Carry action potentials to the CNS
CNS center with discrete regions
Elements of the CNS and PNS that manage homeostasis
Ascending and descending bundle / group of tracts
Highly specialized cellScapable of carrying action potentials, electric voltage, throughout the CNS and PNS
Lipid filled multi-layerdmembranous covering of axons
Neural tissue dense with cell bodies
Neural tissue dense with cell bodies located in the periphery of the cerebellum
Neural tissue dense with cell bodies located in the periphery of the cerebrum
Neural tissue dense with myelinated axons
Neurons that link the organs, glands and structure with the CNS
Plasma membrane covered cytoplasmic projection of a neuron carrying action potentials to a target neuron
Specific group of nerves and nuclei linking dedicated sensors, targets and regions of the CNS
Supporting cells to the axons that protect and regulate neurons
Synaptic cytoplasmic extensions of the soma collecting / sensing information from neighboring neurons
Ascending and descending bundle of axons with related / associated functions

Page 1 of 23 BIOL 218 F 2012 MTX 4 QA NS 121121.1

Biology 218 – Human Anatomy

MTX4 NS / Session:
Section:
Days / Time: Instructor: / Fall 2012
52999
M W 5:00 PM – 9:20 PM
RIDDELL

Match the terms with their associations/ attributes. Mark all that apply

Term / A
Afferent / B
Ascending / C
Ventral Root / D
Descending / E
Efferent / DE
Dorsal Root
Motor / C / D / E
Sensory / A / B / DE

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USE for QUESTIONS, PROTESTS, PROPOSALS, TPYOGRAPHICAL ERRRORRS, SPLELLING CORRECTOINS, BACKWARD SNOITAZITEBAHPLA, NOTES, DRAWINGS, DIAGRAMS, DOODLES, CHRISTMAS LISTS, speaking of Christmas, A LETTER TO SANTA……THAT WOULD BE GREAT DISTRACTION FROM TAKING THIS STOOPID TEST……

or A DRAFTeMail to your BFWB

………about how you are kinda sure that you are never ever everevergoing to be a Nurse, let alone an MD and now you will probably have to settle for orderly or bank clerk or waitress but you are only monolingual and even those jobs require you to speak at least two languages and you have trouble writing a simple 5 paragraph essay in English let alone any other language and you don’t even know how to do a spreadsheet yet and even the Jamba Juice clerks can use spreadsheets and by the way BFWB, you better get a good job if you wanna keep your benefits, if you know what I mean, and you better …..yadayadayada……………………and…….and…….and …I….I....I…think……..think………think……that I….I I’m I’mgonna to fail this test………………Boo… Hoo…….Hooo………. Hooooo………… Hoooooooooooooooooooooooo……..

Page 1 of 23 BIOL 218 F 2012 MTX 4 QA NS 121121.1

Biology 218 – Human Anatomy

MTX4 NS / Session:
Section:
Days / Time: Instructor: / Fall 2012
52999
M W 5:00 PM – 9:20 PM
RIDDELL

ANSWER CHOICE CODES

CODE / X ANS / CODE / XI Brain Anatomy
A
B
C
D
E
AB
AC
AD
AE
BC
BD
BE
CD
CE
DE
ABC
ABD
ABE
ACD
ACE
ADE
BCD
BCE
BDE
CDE
ABCD
ABCE
ACDE
BCDE
ABCDE / Acetylcholine
Adrenaline
ATP
Cervical
Cranial Sacral
Dopamine
Enteric
Extrinsic
Lumbar Sacral
No
Nor-epinephrine
Parasympathetic Post-Ganglion
Parasympathetic Pre-Ganglion
Some
Sympathetic Post-Ganglion
Sympathetic Pre-Ganglion
Thoraco-lumbar
Yes
Yes and No / A
B
C
D
E
AB
AC
AD
AE
BC
BD
BE
CD
CE
DE
ABC
ABD
ABE
ACD
ACE
ADE
BCD
BCE
BDE
CDE
ABCD
ABCE
ACDE
BCDE
ABCDE / Arachnoid mater
Arachnoidvilli
Brain Stem
Cerebellum
Cerebral Cortex
Cerebral Tracts
Cerebrum
Diencephalon
Dura mater
Epithalamus
Gray Matter
Hypothalamus
Medulla Oblongata
Midbrain / Mesencephalon
Peripheral Nerve
Pia mater
Pons
Sensory receptor
Spinal Cord
Spinal Nerve
Subthalamus
Subarachnoid
Subdural
Thalamus
White Matter
You've Got Nerve
None of The Above
All of the Above
Just plain nuts
CODE / XII Neuron / Glia / Fxn / CODE / XIII CNS