SBI 3U Review -Unit #3 - Internal Systems
Vocabulary:
Gas-Exchange System
alveolus
breathing
cellular respiration
diaphragm
diffusion
epiglottis
gas-exchange
gill filament
gills
larynx
pharynx
pleural membranes
skin respiration
spiracles
tidal volume
tracheae
tracheal respiratory system
uvula
epiglottis
intercostal muscles
inspiratory reserve volume
expiratory reserve volume
residual volume
respiratory efficiency
hypoxia
medulla oblongata
laryngospasm
emphysema
asthma
Transport System
vein
artery
atrium
ventricle
capillaries
interstitial fluid
plasma
erythrocytes
leukocytes
platelets
hemoglobin
antibodies
AV node
SA node
lymph
lymph nodes
systolic pressure
diastolic pressure
vasoconstriction
vasodilation
sphygmomanometer
Digestive System
nutrient
filter feeding
fluid feeding
alimentary canal
gastrovascular cavity
intracellular digestion
extracellular digestion
chemical digestion
mechanical digestion
saliva
salivary glands
esophagus
mucin
chyme
cardiac sphincter
pyloric sphincter
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
villus
peristalsis
enzymes
emulsify
bile
bolus
Review Questions:
1. How do single-celled organisms exchange gases?
3. What is skin respiration? What organisms demonstrate this kind of respiration?
4. What are two requirements of all gas-exchange surfaces?
5. What are gills composed of?
6. Describe the tracheal respiratory system of grasshoppers.
10. What is the purpose of the uvula and the epiglottis?
11. Fully describe the alveoli.
12. Describe the mechanics of breathing. Name the two muscles involved and how do they function to cause
inhalation and exhalation?
13. Compare the composition of inhaled and exhaled air. W here are the differences and why?
14. What is the role of the medulla oblongata in controlling the breathing rate?
15. What makes carbon monoxide damaging to humans?
16. List some ways cigarette smoke is damaging to the gas-exchange system.
17. Describe open and closed circulatory systems with sketches. W hat are the major differences?
18. Draw a sketch of the earthworm’s circulatory system and label it.
19. What are the similarities and differences between arteries and veins?
20. State the four components of blood, the percentage of the volume each comprises, and the function(s) of each
component.
21. What is the purpose of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
22. What kind of blood can the following blood types receive safely and why?
a. Type A
b. Type B
c. Type AB
d. Type O
23. Draw a schematic diagram of the heart.
25. Distinguish between lymph, interstitial fluid, and plasma.
26. What are two important roles of the lymphatic system?
27. Explain how to measure the blood pressure of someone.
29. What is a coronary bypass?
30. Distinguish between chemical digestion and mechanical digestion.
31. Distinguish between intracellular and extracellular digestion.
32. State two functions of saliva.
33. What are two digestive functions of the tongue.
34. List all the gastric juices and their functions.
36. Explain how the small intestine is designed to maximize surface area. Why is a large surface area important?
37. What are the functions of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum?
38. What nutrients are absorbed in each part of the villus?
39. Describe peristalsis.
40. What factors affect enzyme activity?
41. Describe the digestive functions of the liver, gall bladder and pancreas (2 functions).
42. What is the purpose of bile?
43. State the six nutrient types.
44. Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated fats.
46. List a negative effect of
a. Nicotine
b. Alcohol
c. Anabolic steroids