Review Questions - Dna, Rna and Protein Synthesis

REVIEW QUESTIONS - DNA, RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

1.  Describe the structure of DNA.

2.  What is/are the function(s) of DNA?

3.  What is a nucleotide? Of what does a DNA nucleotide consist?

4.  What are the nitrogen (nitrogenous) bases found in DNA?

5.  Which of the nitrogen bases are purines? Which of the nitrogen bases are pyrimidines?

6.  How do the purines and pyrimidines differ structurally?

7.  What type of bond holds the 2 strands of DNA together? Describe this type of bond.

8.  Explain the complementary base pairing of the nitrogen bases in DNA.

9.  What is produced in DNA replication? Why is DNA replication necessary?

10. What important roles do enzymes play in DNA replication and maintenance?

11. Describe the structure of RNA.

12. What is/are the function(s) of RNA?

13. What is a nucleotide? Of what does an RNA nucleotide consist?

14. What are the nitrogen (nitrogenous) bases found in RNA?

15. Which of the nitrogen bases are purines? Which of the nitrogen bases are pyrimidines?

16. In what ways does RNA differ from DNA?

17. What are the 3 types of RNA?

18. How does mRNA differ from the other types of RNA in its structure and its function?

19. How does tRNA differ from the other types of RNA in its structure and its function?

20. How does rRNA differ from the other types of RNA in its structure and its function?

21. Name the 2 major processes involved in protein synthesis?

22. Briefly describe transcription. Where does it occur?

23. Briefly describe translation. Where does it occur?

24. Why is DNA necessary for protein synthesis?

25. Why is RNA necessary for protein synthesis?

26. What molecule serves as the pattern (template) for the formation of RNA?

27. What important roles do enzymes play in protein synthesis?

28. Why is protein synthesis important to a cell? HINT-What are some uses of proteins in cells?

29. Why is protein synthesis important to an organism? HINT-What are some uses of proteins in organisms?

BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING:

gene stop codon

protein termination signal

polypeptide start (initiation) codon

mutation promoter

ribosome amino acid

double helix complementary base pairing

replication fork DNA triplet

RNA polymerase codon

DNA polymerase anticodon

DNA helicase purine

pyrimidine