TEST REVIEW

Please use this handout to help you review the material for chapter 1.

Part A: Key Terms.

1. Archaeologist: scientist who examines objects to learn about the human past

2. Civilization: society with cities, central government, job specialization, and social classes

3. Hominid: modern humans living in an earlier time

4. History: written history and other recorded events of people

5. Irrigation: supplying land with water through a network of canals

6. Oral tradition: stories passed down by word of mouth

7. Prehistory: times before writing was invented

8. Social class: a group of people with similar backgrounds, incomes, and ways of living

9. Surplus: more than is needed

Part B: Key Concepts.

1. Why did scientists study the Iceman’s clothing, tools, and body?

To figure out clues about how he lived and died; learn more about his society and the dangers that existed then

2. How did the people in the Old Stone Age get their food?

They mostly hunted animals and gathered wild fruit, vegetables, and nuts

3. What did people start doing differently in the New Stone Age?

They started farming, domesticating plants and animals, and making specialized tools for farming

4. What did people develop the ability to do in the period of prehistory?

They developed the ability to do many things, including using tools, making fire, domesticating animals, exploring to new regions, transmitting history through oral traditions

5. What resulted from having a surplus of food during the New Stone Age?

Created more population, farming communities, and settlements

6. What did the surplus of food during the New Stone Age allow people to become (name the job)?

They were able to become artisans who specialized in making things with their hands.

7. What did farming settlements need in order to develop into cities during the New Stone Age?

They needed three things: good fertile soil, settling close to a river source, and a lot of good building material

8. Please define the characteristics of a civilization of the ancient world.

Examples of early cities included Ur (Iraq), Memphis (Egypt), and Anyang (China). Characteristics of these cities included their size, which was larger than previous settlements. They had large public buildings to store surplus, worship their gods, and buy/sell good; they had a government that coordinated the city life and had various types of occupations.

9. In the ancient world, who would have been most likely to help spread new ideas and tools from one civilization to another?

Most likely the merchants because they were involved in trade. When they would have been traveling from place to place, they would have been able to get new ideas and help spread them to different areas.

Part C: Critical Thinking

1. Explain the similarities and differences in the ways people lived in the Old Stone Age and the New Stone Age. Use the chart below.

Similarities / Differences
Both hunted
Both gathered plants, fruits, nuts
Used stone tools
Used fire for defense purposes
Lived a difficult life
Men mostly hunted, while women took care of jobs closer to their settlement / Old stone age:
- used non-specialized stone tools
- relied only on hunting and gathering for food
- did not have a settled home
New Stone Age:
-used specialized tools for their jobs
- relied on farming mostly
- settled down into farming communities

2. (a) Explain how the presence of surplus of food cause the growth of early cities. (b) What was the effect of the food supply on population growth? (c) What was the effect of the food supply on the size of the settlements and the variety of occupations?

a. More food meant that people could have bigger families, which meant more people willing to settle down to take up the hard lifestyle of farming.

b. population grew a lot because of food surplus

c. sizes of settlement increased, because we start seeing the introduction of villages/small communities. Occupations also start becoming different, and we see that the artisan class comes up.

Part D: Skill- Using a Timeline.

Study the timeline on the following page and answer the questions that follow below.

What is the title of the timeline?

Greek Timeline

When does the earliest event take place on the timeline?

776 BC

When does the event closest to our time take place on the timeline?

2006 AD

When does Parthenon in Athens finish being built?

432 BC

When does the Roman Empire end?

455 AD

How long does the war between Athens and Sparta last?

27 years