Physiology Study Guide 14: Autonomic Motorneurons1

Steven A. Fink; Instructor

PHYSIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE 14:

AUTONOMIC MOTORNEURONS

True/False

____ 1. Sympathomimetic drugs mimic the actions of norepinephrine on visceral organs.

____ 2. The muscarinic ACh receptor sites are located on the visceral organs of the body.

____ 3. The cell bodies of many autonomic motorneurons are located in ganglia outside the CNS.

____ 4. Sympathomimetic drugs cause an increase in the Heart Rate.

____ 5. Parasympatholytic drugs cause the pupils of the eyes to constrict.

____ 6. ACh activates the “nicotinic receptor sites”, whereas epinephrine activates the “muscarinic receptor sites”.

____ 7. Sympathetic preganglionic fibers originate in the thoracic & lumbar segments of the spinal cord.

____ 8. Norepinephrine acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter on the heart.

____ 9. Visceral organs possess receptor sites for only 1 type of neurotransmiter.

____10. Parasympathomimetic drugs mimic the actions of norepinephrine on visceral organs.

____11. All preganglionic autonomic motorneurons release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

____12. Denervation of a visceral organ will cause it to stop functioning.

____13. While norepinephrine speeds-up some visceral organs, it slows-down other visceral organs.

____14. Sympathomimetic drugs cause the pupils of the eyes to constrict.

____15. Norepinephrine acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter on the stomach.

____16. The sympathetic motorneurons generally stimulate anabolic biochemical processes within the body.

____17. Parasympatholytic drugs cause an increase in the Heart Rate.

____18. Acetylcholine acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter on the heart.

____19. Acetylcholine acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter on the stomach.

____20. If the Vagus Nerves were severed, the heart would begin beating at a much slower rate.

____21. Most of the internal organs of the body are innervated by both parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic motorneurons.

____22. There is a sympathetic chain ganglia located along both sides of the spinal cord where most sympathetic preganglionic motorneurons synapse onto parasympathetic preganglionic motorneurons.

____23. Since atropine is a parasympatholytic drug, it could be used to decrease salivary, bronchial, & nasal secretions.

____24. Epinephrine activates all types of Adrenergic Receptors [alpha () and beta ().

____25. The Adrenal Medulla secretes epinephrine into the bloodstream during states of stress.

____26. "Dual innervation" means that both a preganglionic and a postganglionic neuron innervate an organ.

____27. Both sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic motorneurons release ACh from their synaptic knobs.

____28. Drugs that blockbeta1 (1) Adrenergic Receptor Sites (such as Tenormin®) could be used to block stress-related tachycardias.

____29. The cell bodies of all autonomic preganglionic neurons are located inside the CNS.

Multiple Choice:

____30. The visceral organs possess ______Receptor sites.
(a) muscarinic Acetylcholine
(b) nicotinic Acetlycholine
(c) adrenergic
(d) both (a) & (b)
(e) both (a) & (c)
(ab) both (b) & (c)

____31. Surgically cutting the branches of the Vagus Nerve (X) that supply the stomach cause:

(a) paralysis of the stomach

(b) increased gastric motility & secretion

(d) no change in gastric motility & secretion

____32. The neurotransmitter released by sympathetic preganglionic motorneurons is:

(a) acetylcholine

(b) norepinephrine

(d) serotonin

(e) cyclic-AMP

____33. The Adrenal Medulla is innervated by:

(a) sympathetic preganglionic motorneurons

(b) somatic motorneurons

(d) sympathetic postganglionic motorneurons

(e) both (c) & (d)

____34. The Vagus Cranial Nerves (X) contain:

(a) parasympathetic preganglionic motorneurons

(b) parasympathetic postganglionic motorneurons

(d) sympathetic postganglionic motorneurons

(e) both (a) & (c)

(ab) both (a) & (b)

____35. All of the following are generally observed during states of stressEXCEPT:
(a) increased blood sugar level
(b) increased heart rate
(c) increased blood flow to the G-I Tract
(d) dry mouth
(e) increased blood pressure

____36. Which type of drug would be most effective in blocking the physiologic responses to stress?

(a) a corticosteroid

(b) epinephrine

(d) a sympathomimetic drug

(e) a Neuro-muscular Blocking Agent

____37. The neurotransmitter released by parasympathetic postganglionic motorneurons is:

(a) acetylcholine

(b) norepinephrine

(d) cyclic-AMP

(e) serotonin

____38. Adrenergic receptor sites are present on:

(a) skeletal muscle fibers

(b) visceral organs

(d) sympathetic postganglionic motorneuron cells bodies

(e) all of the above

____39. Which type of drug would be most effecive in producing bronchodilation?

(a) parasympathomimetic drug

(b) sympathomimetic drug

(d) analgesic

(e) Neuro-muscular Blocking Agent

____40. The Adrenal Medulla is actually a ganglion made-up of:

(a) sympathetic preganglionic motorneurons

(b) secretory cells

(d) sympathetic postganglionic motorneurons

(e) both (c) & (d)

____41. Parasympatholytic drugs block:
(a) ACh receptor sites on skeletal muscle
(b) ACh receptor sites on visceral organs
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) none of the above

____42. A sympatholytic drug:
(a) prevents the release of acetylchoine
(b) prevents the release of norepinephrine
(c) blocks muscarinic acetylcholine receptor sites
(d) blocks adrenergic receptor sites
(e) inhibits the enzyme that breaks-down epinephrine

____43. Which one of the following originate in the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord at the throacic & lumbar levels?
(a) parasympathetic preganglionic motorneuron
(b) parasympathetic postganglionic motorneuron
(c) sympathetic preganglionic motorneuron
(d) sympathetic postganglionic motorneuron
(e) visceral sensory neuron
(ab) somatic motorneuron

____44. The "thoraco-lumbar division" refers to the:
(a) sympathetic autonomic motorneurons
(b) parasympathetic autonomic motorneurons
(c) somatic sensory neurons
(d) visceral sensory neurons
(e) autonomic ganglia

____45. All parasympathetic & sympathetic preganglionic motorneurons release:
(a) acetylcholine
(b) norepinephrine
(c) serotonin
(d) dopamine
(e) epinephrine

____46. An "adrenergic neuron" releases:
(a) serotonin
(b) GABA
(c) norepinephrine
(d) acetylcholine
(e) glycine

____47. Autonomic reflexes regulate conditions in the body such as:
(a) blood pressure
(b) digestion
(c) defecation
(d) urination
(e) all of the above

____48. Which one of the following responses is activated by the sympathetic motorneurons?
(a) decreased heart rate
(b) constriction of the pupils
(c) splitting glycogen into glucose in the liver
(d) constriction of the bronchioles
(e) decreased blood pressure

____49. Sympathetic postganglionic motorneurons release:
(a) acetylcholine
(b) norepinephrine
(c) serotonin
(d) dopamine
(e) GABA

____50. A parasympathomimetic drug would cause:
(a) tachycardia
(b) glycogenolysis
(c) pupillary constriction
(d) hypertension
(e) bronchodilation

____51. Which one of the following drugs would be most effective in blockingsalivary, bronchial nasal secretions?
(a) a Corticosteroid
(b) an Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor
(c) a Parasympatholytic drug
(d) a Sympatholytic drug
(e) a Parasympathomimetic drug

____52. Which type of muscle can be controlled voluntarily?
(a) skeletal
(b) visceral
(c) cardiac
(d) epithelial

____53. Which one of the following responses is caused by the parasympathetic motorneurons?
(a) dilation of the bronchioles
(b) erection of the penis
(c) glycogenolysis
(d) dilation of the pupils
(e) sweating

____54. When the blood vessels with the alpha ()-Adrenergic Receptor Sites are activated, those blood vessels will:
(a) constrict
(b) dilate
(c) remain the same diameter
(d) sometimes constrict and sometimes dilate

____55. The Adrenergic Receptor Sites on bronchial airways are:
(a) alpha1 (1)
(b) alpha2 (2)
(c) beta1 (1)
(d) beta2 (2)
(e) both alpha1 (1) and beta1 (1)
(ab) both alpha2 (2) and beta2 (2)

____56. The Adrenergic Receptor Sites on the skeletal muscle blood vessels are:
(a) alpha1 (1)
(b) alpha2 (2)
(c) beta1 (1)
(d) beta2 (2)
(e) both alpha1 (1) and beta1 (1)
(ab) both alpha2 (2) and beta2 (2)

____57. If the blood vessels in the digestive tractconstrict, blood flow to the digestive tract will:
(a) decrease
(b) remain unchanged
(c) increase
(d) none of the above

____58. The highest center for the control of the autonomic motorneurons is the:
(a) Thalamus
(b) Cerebellum
(c) Hypothalmus
(d) Cerebral cortex
(e) Basal (Ganglia) Nuclei