1. Where Did Agriculture Originate?

Agriculture

Agriculture -

1. Where Did Agriculture Originate? –

a. Origins of Agriculture –

i. Hunters and Gatherers –

1. Contemporary Hunting and Gathering –

ii. Invention of Agriculture –

1. Two types of Cultivation –

b. Location of Agricultural Hearths –

i. Location of First Vegetative Planting –

ii. Location of First Seed Agriculture –

1. Diffusion of Seed Agriculture –

c. Classifying Agricultural Region –

i. Differences Between Subsistence and Commercial Agriculture –

1. Purpose of Farming

2. Percentage of Farmers in the Labor Force –

3. Use of Machinery –

4. Farm Size –

5. Relationship of Farming to Other Businesses –

ii. Mapping Agricultural Regions –

2. Where are Agricultural Regions in Less Developed Countries? –

a. Shifting Cultivation –

i. Characteristics of Shifting Cultivation –

1. The Process of Shifting Cultivation –

2. Crops of Shifting Cultivation –

3. Ownership and Use of Land in Shifting Cultivation –

ii. Future of Shifting Cultivation –

b. Pastoral Nomadism –

i. Characteristics of Pastoral Nomadism –

1. Choice of Animals –

2. Movements of Pastoral Nomads –

ii. The Future of Pastoral Nomadism

c. Intensive Substistence –

i. Intensive Subsistence with Wet Rice Dominant –

ii. Intensive Subsistence with Wet Rice Not Dominant –

d. Plantation Farming –

3. Where are Agricultural Regions in More Developed Countries –

a. Mixed Crop and Livestock Farming –

i. Characteristics of Mixed Crop and Livestock Farming –

1. Crop Rotation Systems –

ii. Choice of Crops –

b. Dairy Farming –

i. Why Dairy Farms Locate Near Urban Areas –

ii. Regional Differences in Dairy Products –

iii. Challenges for Dairy Farmers –

c. Grain Farming –

d. Livestock Ranching –

i. Cattle Ranching in U.S. Popular Culture –

1. Beginning of U.S. Cattle Ranching –

2. Transporting Cattle to Market –

ii. Fixed Location Ranching –

1. Range Wars –

2. Changes in Cattle Breeding –

iii. Ranching Outside the United States –

e. Mediterranean Agriculture –

f. Commercial Gardening and Fruit Farming –

g. Importance of Access to Markets –

i. Von Thünen Model –

ii. Application of Von Thünen Model –

4. Why Do Farmers Face Economic Difficulties? –

a. Challenges for Commercial Farmers –

i. Overproduction in Commercial Farming –

ii. Sustainable Agriculture –

1. Sensitive Land Management –

2. Limited Use of Chemicals –

3. Integrated Crop and Livestock –

b. Challenges for Subsistence Farmers –

i. Subsistence Farming and Population Growth –

ii. Subsistence Farming and International Trade –

1. Drug Crops –

c. Strategies to Increase Food Supply –

1. Increase Food Supply by expanding Land Area for Agricultural Use –

2. Increase Food Supply Through Higher Productivity –

3. Increase Food Supply By Identifying New Food Sources –

a. Cultivate Oceans –

b. Develop Higher-Protein Cereals –

c. Improve Palatability of Rarely Consumed Foods –

4. Increase Food Supply By Increasing Exports From Other Countries –

ii. Africa’s Food-Supply Crisis –