DNA and RNA notes – Part I

1. Can we see DNA with the naked eye?______

2. What evidence supports the presence of DNA?______

3. Would every cell in a particular organism have the same DNA? ______

4. Why are there exceptions? ______

5. Why must replication of DNA be accurate?______

I. Nucleic Acids

A. Scientific discoveries

1. Griffith 1928 (without realizing it, he basically found that ______is genetic material)

a. studied pneumoniain mice

b. S type– smooth – hada coat, ______ b/c it killed mice

R type– rough – no coat,

______ b/c mice lived

c. heat-killed S cells were injected, mice______

d. heat-killed S + living R were injectedtogether, mice ______

e. Griffith called this ______- b/c something got into R cells to make them Smooth (virulent)

- What caused this? ______

2. Avery 1944(found that DNA stores and transmits genetic info from one generation to the next)

a. destroyed all proteins, lipids, etc., and found the ______continued

- realized that these were ______responsible for transformation

b. destroyed ______, and found that transformation did not continue

3. Hershey and Chase 1952 (basically found that DNA is genetic material)

a. studied bacteriophage– virusthat infects ______

b. they knew viruses attached to bacteria cells

and ______were changed

c. they didn’t know if it was the protein capsule or DNA

d. labeled ______ (protein capsule) with S35

and ______ with P32

e. found ______in bacteria cells, not ______

f. therefore, ______is the genetic material

g.______– incorporationof viral DNA

into host cell's DNA


B. DNA (______)

1. carries the genetic blueprints for life (______)

2. in the ______of eukaryotic cells as ______

3. structure is a______(like twisted ladder, supercoiled to make chromosomes)

a. Watson & Crick uncovered the structure ______, built model (wood, plastic, wire)

b. used x-ray diffraction information from Rosalind Franklin (who died in ______, possibly due to her exposure to ______) & Wilkins

4. backbone of the ladder is made of:

a. sugar called ______

b. ______

5. rungs of the ladder made of bases

a. ______b. ______

c. ______d.______

6. Chargaff’s Rule–basesonly pair in a certain way

a. ADENINE = ______(double hydrogen bond)

b. CYTOSINE ≡ ______(triple hydrogen bond)

7. monomers of DNA are ______(sugar, phosphate, base)

DNA diagrams:

C. RNA (______)

1. uses information that DNA stores to synthesize ______

2. single stranded, made of nucleotides where the sugar is ______

3. uracil is used instead of ______

4. 3 types

a. mRNA-______, has codons, is a pattern for amino acid

assembly inprotein synthesis because it copies ______

b. tRNA-______, has anticodon region and carries

an ______to the ribosome, 1 for each amino acid

c. rRNA - ______, forms ribosomes by combining with ______

(large subunit and small subunit)

DNA / RNA
polymer (macromolecule)
monomer
sugar
strands
U or T
types/forms
location