RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, BANGALORE, KARNATAKA.
ANNEXURE - II
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION
1. / Name of the Candidate and Address(in block letters) / Dr. SRINIVAS L.D.
POST GRADUATE IN PHARMOCOLOGY,
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY,
JJM MEDICAL COLLEGE,
DAVANGERE, KARNATAKA.
2. / Name of the Institution / J.J.M. MEDICAL COLLEGE,
DAVANGERE-577004. KARNATAKA.
3. / Course of Study and Subject / M.D. IN PHARMACOLOGY
DAVANGERE
4. / Date of admission to Course / 28-05-2008
5. / Title of the Topic / “ EFFECT OF ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT OF ACACIA CATECHU IN HEPATOTOXICITY INDUCED BY CARBON TETRACHLORIDE IN ALBINO RATS AND IT’S COMPARISON WITH SILYMARIN”
6.
7.
8. / Brief Resume of the intended work
6.1 Need for the study
Carbon tetrachloride(CCL4) is a clear and colourless liquid with chloroform like odour. Practically insoluble in water, miscible with alcohol, chloroform, ether, petroleum spirit and volatile oils. CCl4 is readily absorbed after inhalation and ingestion. It is absorbed through the skin and metabolism to reactive free radicals thought to account for hepatotoxicity. CCl4 is employed in industry as a solvent and degrease. It was formerly used in certain types of fire extinguisher and as an industrial and domestic dry cleaner.
Acacia catechu is a small to medium sized thorny tree, upto 15 m tall, catechu or cutch the extract prepared from hard wood of Acacia catechu, has been used treating fever, diarrhoea, leucorrhea, piles and erysipelas. The juice of its fresh bark has been used in treatment of heamoptysis and gonorrhoea. It has been reported that catechu, a product of acacia catechu has hepatoprotective and antipyretic properties.
Silymarin is an active principle from the fruit of silybum marianum (milk thistle plant). The principle components are the flavonoligans silbin, silicristin and silidianin of which silibin is the major component. Silymarin has been used for the treatment hepatic disorders.
Present study is carried out to explore the effects of acacia catechu ethyl extract on biochemical, morphological and histopathological changes associated with ccl4 induced liver damage in albino rats and also to compare with standard silymarin on ccl4 induced liver damage in albino rats.
6.2 Review of Literature :
A study was conducted on the effect of Ethyl acetate extract of Acacia catechu, katha on hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4 in albino rats. They found that Ethyl extract of Acacia catechu prevents and reverses the hepatotoxic damage induced by CCl4.1
In another study, hepatoprotective effect of acacia catechu ethyl acetate extract on ccl4 induced liver damage in albino rats showed that the extract reduced liver enzymes and reversed the liver damage.2
Another study was conducted on hepatoprotective activity of Acacia catechu on both ccl4 and paracetamol induced hepatic damage in albino rats showed elevated liver enzymes like aspartate aminotranferase and alanine aminotranferase in paracetamol induced animals compared to those receiving combination of ccl4 and katha.3
6.3 Objectives of the study:
1. To evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of Acacia catechu ethyl acetate extract on ccl4 induced liver damage in albino rats.
2. To compare the hepatoprotective effect of Acacia catechu ethyl acetate extract and silymarin.
Materials and methods:
7.1 Source of data:
Albino rats of Either sex of average weight 150-200 gm will be used.
Chemical and drugs :
1. Carbon tetrachloride (CCL4)
2. Ethyl acetate extract of Acacia catechu.
3. Silymarin.
4. Olive oil
5. Gum acacia
7.2 Method of collection of data :(including sampling procedure if any)
Inclusion criteria :
· 150-200 gm weight albino rats of either sex.
· Healthy with normal behaviour and activity.
Exclusion criteria :
· Animals weighing more than 200 gm and less than 150 gm.
· Pregnant female rats
Methods :
24 albino rats of either sex weighing 150-200 gm will be selected and randomly divided into 4 equal groups, each containing 6 rats.
1st group will receive aqueous 5% Gum acacia 1ml/200 gm, orally for 7 days.(Control Group)
2nd group will receive CCl4 (2.5 mg / kg, orally) in olive oil in l: 1 ratio.
3rd group will receive Acacia catechu ethyl acetate extract (250 mg/kg/day orally) for 7 consecutive days and CCl4 (2.5 mg/kg orally) in olive oil 1:1 ratio will be administered on 7th day of extract administration.
4th group will receive standard drug silymarin (100 mg/kg/day) for 7 consecutive days and CCl4 (2.5 mg/kg orally) in olive oil 1:1 will be administered on 7th day of the silymarin administration.
Parameters observed :
1) Biochemical parameters
· Alkaline phosphatase (ALP).
· Serum bilirubin.
· Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
· Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
2) Morphological Parameter
3) Histopathological study
7.3 Does the study require any investigations or interventions to be conducted on patients or other humans or animals? If so, please describe briefly:
Yes
The study involves animals, after 24 hours of CCl4 administration, the blood is withdrawn directly from the heart of albino rats and serum is separated by centrifugation for biochemical studies.
Whole liver is removed from albino rats after sacrificing the animal by decapitation for histopathological studies.
7.4 Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution in case of 7.3?
Yes
LIST OF REFERENCES :
1. Jayasekhar P, Mohan PV, Rethinam K. Hepatoprotective activity of Ethyl acetate extract of Acacia catechu. Indian J. Pharmacol, 1997; 29; 426-428.
2. Ray D, Sharatchandra KH, Thokchom IS. Antipyretic, Antidiarrhoeal, Hypoglycemic and Hepatoprotective activities of Ethyl acetate extract of Acacia catechu willd in albino rats. Indian Journal Pharmacol 2006:38:408:413.
3. Manish BK, Rahul KD, Vinod R. Hepatoprotective activity studies of herbal formulations. International Journal of Green pharmacy 2008:2:147-151.
4. Rage N, Dahanukar S, Karandikar SM, Hepatoprotective effect of Cyanidanol against CCl4 Induced Liver damage. Indian drugs 1984:22:556-60.
5. Kapur V, Pillai, Hussain SZ, Balani DK. Hepatoprotective activity of Jigrine on liver damage caused by alcohol, carbon tetrachloride and paracetamol in rats. Indian J pharmacol 1994:26:35-40.
6. Elizabeth M, Williamson, Dabur Research foundation. Major Herbs of Ayurveda. 2002; 13:15.
7. Gupta SK, Pharmacology and therapeutics in the new millennium. 2001; 358:36.
9. / Signature of the Candidate
10. / Remarks of the Guide
11. / Name & Designation of
(In Block Letters)
11.1 Guide
11.2 Signature
11.3 Co-guide (If any)
11.4 Signature
11.5 Head of the Department
11.6 Signature / Dr. SURYANARAYANA BABUSHAW.N M.D
PROFESSOR,
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY,
J.J.M. MEDICAL COLLEGE,
DAVANGERE – 577004
Dr. H.S. SIDDAPPA DEVARU M.D
PROFESSOR & HOD,
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY,
J.J.M. MEDICAL COLLEGE,
DAVANGERE - 577004
12. / 12.1 Remarks of the Chairman
and the Principal
12.2 Signature
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