Tablee-1: Patient demographic data

a)EEG/fMRI

No / Age / Sex / Duration epilepsy
(years) / Interictal / ictal EEG; seizure semiology / MRI / Lateralization / IED per min fMRI
1 / 47 / F / 46 / L ant temp spikes / HS / Left / 12
2 / 40 / M / 39 / L ant temp spikes / HS / Left / 18
3 / 42 / F / 41 / L ant temp spikes / normal / Left / 18
4 / 67 / M / 53 / L ant mid-temp spike-wave / normal / Left / 2
5 / 41 / F / 41 / widespread theta, frequent temp sharp waves predominantly L temp spikes / normal / Left / 1
6 / 30 / M / 11 / L temp slow waves, spikes,
R temp spikes during sleep / MCD / bilateral / 2
7 / 26 / F / 21 / L temp slowing with frequent L ant temp spikes / HS / Left / 5
8 / 38 / F / 20 / L temp slow and sharp waves / normal / Left / 2
9 / 47 / F / 44 / L slow activity, bilateral spike-waves, poly-spike wave, L temp spikes / MCD / left / 5
10 F / 33 / F / 26 / Widespread spikes, sharp waves, sharp and slow waves maximal frontocentral / normal / Right / 2
11 / 34 / M / 27 / bilateral, post temp/occip sharp and slow wave complexes with L spikes / MCD / left / 1
12 / 40 / M / 40 / L slow activity with L post temp spikes / DNT post-op seizure-free / Left / 7
13 F / 25 / M / 21 / bilateral spike wave over central region
seizure starts with L arm motor symptoms* / normal / Right / 2
14 / 28 / F / 25 / continuous L parietal spikes / normal / Left / 14
15 / 31 / M / 31 / L spikes, sharp waves and slow waves bilateral synchronous and occasionally R / normal / bilateral / 12
16 / 33 / M / 26 / L and bilateral frontal sharp waves and occasional L temp spikes / normal / Left / 3
17 F / 36 / F / 27 / R poly-spike and slow wave discharges, single and bursts, maximal centro-temp / FCD / Right / 6
18 / 57 / F / 17 / L mid-temp spike-wave / HS – post-op seizure-free / Left / 14
19 / 36 / M / 21 / L front spikes / TBI / Left / 11

mean age: 38 years, age range: 25-67 years, 10 female, 9 male subjects

b)FMZ PET

No / Age / sex / Duration epilepsy (years) / Interictal / ictal EEG (*); seizure semiology / Lateralization / Seizure frequency per month / FMZVD at peak
1 / 18 / M / 7 / frequent L frontal IEDs / Left / 8 / 3.4
2 / 24 / F / 18 / L frontal seizure onset * / Left / 12 / 3.43
3 F / 36 / F / 29 / R fronto-temporal IEDs;
seizure starts with L sensorimotor symptoms * / Right / 31 / 3.11
4 / 18 / F / 11 / L hemishpere: EEG non-localising
seizure starts with R arm motor symptoms * / Left / 2 / 3.0
5 F / 26 / M / 21 / R frontal seizure onset* / Right / 40 / 2.88
6 F / 24 / F / 18 / R hemisphere: EEG non-localising
seizure starts with L face / limb motor symptoms * / Right / 30 / 3.09
7 F / 22 / M / 21 / continuous R frontalIEDs / Right / 3 / 3.33
8 / 27 / F / 23 / L frontalIEDs;
seizure starts with R arm dystonia, L hand automatism * / Left / 55 / 3.0
9 / 21 / M / 17 / L frontal seizure onset *
Seizure starts with R limb clonic activity / Left / 30 / 3.0
10 F / 28 / F / 17 / R frontal IEDs / Right / 4 / 3.15
11 F / 37 / M / 33 / R widespread slow;
Seizure starts with left leg sensory symptoms * / Right / 10 / 3.4
12 F / 47 / M / 37 / R post temp seizure onset * / Right / 6 / 3.28
13 / 26 / M / 11 / Frontal non-lateralised: Bifrontal high voltage sharp waves; Seizure semiology frontal * / bilateral / 12 / 3.3
14 / 39 / M / 30 / Frontal non-lateralised: Bilateral sharp and spikes;
Seizure semiology frontal * / bilateral / 5 / 3.33
15 / 25 / M / 17 / L post temp: L post temp slow;
Seizure starts with right visual field symptoms * / Left / 2 / 3.29
16F / 18 / F / 10 / Bilateral independent foci: Two different seizure patterns, clear ictal onsets from each post temp region, with seizure onset from the right more frequent * / Consensus: Right / 3 / 3.14
17 / 23 / M / 17 / Bilateral independent post temp IEDs / bilateral / 76 / 2.42
18 / 40 / M / 13 / Bifrontal high voltage sharp waves; EEG non-lateralising, Seizure semiology frontal * / bilateral / 4 / 3.4

Legend:

ant = anterior; post = posterior; temp = temporal; R = right; L = left; SGTCS = secondarily generalised tonic-clonic seizure;; F= images flipped for analysis prior to normalisation procedure.

Lateralization was based on an interdisciplinary discussion(telemetry meeting, The National Hopsital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK) mainly based on seizure semiology, interictal and ictal EEG (*), and structural MRI pathology. (see ref 16 for further information).