Cp2 Protein Notes

Name: ______Date: ______Class: _____

CP2 PROTEIN NOTES

PROTEIN-RICH FOODS:

· Poultry

· ______

· Shellfish and fish

· Milk

· ______

· Eggs

· Figs

· ______and Beans

· Apricots, Cherries, Grapes, Bananas

· ______.

PROTEINS:

· Made of______, ______, ______and ______

· Monomer (subunit): ______

· Function: ______

· Another name for a protein is a ______

AMINO ACIDS AND PEPTIDES

• Amino acids are also called “______”

• A bond between two amino acids is called a “______bond.”

• Three names for the same molecule:

• ______

AMINO ACID STRUCTURE:

• Amino acids are made of:

– ______(one carbon in the middle)

– 4 groups attached to the carbon

• ______group ( ______)

• ______group (Also called a “side group” or a “R-group”)

• Label on the diagram below each of the groups listed above:

AMINO ACIDS PRACTICE:

Circle and label the following:

-Hydrogen Group

-Amino Group

-Carboxyl Group

-R Group

THE R-GROUP

• There are ______different random (R) groups

• The R - group gives the amino acid its particular ______

• Some examples of Amino Acids and their particular R-groups

PROTEIN STRUCTURE:

• There are 4 levels (stages) of protein structure

– ______(1*) (the first step)

– ______(2*) (the second step)

– ______(3*) (the third step)

– ______(4*) (the fourth step)

• When a protein is being made, it always starts with the primary structure, and makes its way through each stage, ending at either the quaternary or tertiary level.

PRIMARY STRUCTURE:

• The primary structure is the sequence of amino acids (what order they are in)

• Think of the order of beads on a necklace

SECONDARY STRUCTURE:

• Next, the primary structure (the string of beads) begins to fold or coil up.

• Different parts of the primary structure will coil (called alpha helices), and other parts will fold (called Beta-pleated sheets)

TERTIARY STRUCTURE:

• When the secondary structure folds up on itself (it is still coiled and folded, but now it makes a big pile)

• Think of the beaded necklace on wire that you just coiled and folded. Now you crumple it up in your hand.

QUATERNARY STRUCTURE:

• Two or more (tertiary) chains folded together

• Think of the beaded necklace you just crumpled in your hand. If you made two of these crumpled necklaces, then stuck them together, you would have a quaternary structure.

TYPES OF AND FUNCTIONS OF PROTEINS:

KERATIN

· Gives strength to:

o Skin

o ______

o Nails (fingernails and toenails)

o Hooves

o ______

o Teeth

MUSCLES

· Tissue that allows movement of and within the body

o ______muscle (attached to bones)

o Cardiac muscle (makes up the______)

o Smooth muscle (makes up______,

o diaphragm)

HEMOGLOBIN

• A protein in blood cells that helps ______to tissues in the body.

ANTIBODIES

• Proteins in the blood that help ______against diseases and infections

ENZYMES

• Proteins that help ______(like break down food).