BRIDGELESS BOOST RECTIFIER FOR LOW VOLTAGE APPLICATION
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of
Bachelor of Engineering Degree in
Electrical and Electronics Engineering
by
SRINATH.G (Reg. No. 3014220)
SRINIVAS SAIPRASAD.S (Reg. No. 3014221)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
SATHYABAMAUNIVERSITY
JEPPIAAR NAGAR, RAJIV GANDHI SALAI,
CHENNAI – 600119. TAMILNADU.
MARCH 2017
SATHYABAMAUNIVERSITY
(Established under Section 3 of UGC Act, 1956)
Jeppiaar Nagar, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai- 600 119
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this Project Report is the bonafide work of SRINATH.G (Reg. No. 3014220) and SRINIVAS SAIPRASAD (Reg. No.3014221) who carried out the project entitled “BRIDGELESS BOOST RECTIFIER FOR LOW VOLTAGE APPLICATION” under our supervision from September 2016 to March 2017.
Internal Guide
XXXXXX
Head of the Department
XXXXXX
Submitted for Viva voce Examination held on______
Internal Examiner External Examiner
DECLARATION
We SRINATH.G (Reg. No. 3014220) and SRINIVAS SAIPRASAD (Reg. No.3014221) hereby declare that the Project Report entitled “BRIDGELESS BOOST RECTIFIER FOR LOW VOLTAGE APPLICATION”done by us under the guidance of XXXXXX is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Engineeringdegree in Electrical and Electronics.
1.
2.
DATE:
PLACE:SIGNATURE OF THE CANDIDATE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The satisfaction and elation that accompany the successful completion of any task would be incomplete without the mention of the people who have made it possible. It is our great privilege to express our gratitude and respect to all those who have guided us and inspired us during the course of our project work.
First and foremost, we would express our sincere gratitude to our beloved Founder Chancellor Col. Dr. JEPPIAAR, M.A., B.L., Ph.D., Chancellor Thirumathi. REMIBAI JEPPIAAR and also thank our Directors Dr. MarieJohnson, B.E., M.B.A., M.Phil., Ph.D andDr. Mariazeena Johnson, B.E., M.B.A., M.Phil., Ph.D for providing us the necessary facilities for the completion of our project. We also acknowledge our ViceChancellor Dr. B. Sheela Rani, M.S (By Research)., Ph.D. for her constant support and endorsement.
We would like to express our gratitude to our Registrar Dr. S. S. Rau., Ph.D and Controller of Examinations Dr. K. V. Narayanan., Ph.D for providing us the necessary facilities for the completion of our project.
We like to express our gratitude to XXXXXXDean, Schoolof Electrical and Electronics and XXXXXXHead of the Departmentof Electrical and Electronics Engineering,Sathyabama University for having been a constant source of support and encouragement for the completion of the project.
We would also like to express our sincere thanks to our internal guide of the project XXXXXX,for her constant guidance and supervision during the period of our project work and for providing us the necessary technical inputs for the completion of our project.
ABSTRACT
In this project, a single-stage ac–dc power electronic converter is proposed to efficiently manage the energy harvested from electromagnetic microscale and mesoscale generators with low-voltage outputs. The proposed topology combines a boost converter and a buck-boost converter to condition the positive and negative half portions of the input ac voltage, respectively. Only one inductor and capacitor are used in both circuitries to reduce the size of the converter.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER No.TITLE PAGE No.
ABSTRACT v
LIST OF TABLES ix
LIST OF FIGURES ix
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONSxi
1INTRODUCTION1
1.1OUTLINE OF THE PROJECT1
1.2DC-DC CONVERTER4
1.3BUCK CONVERTER STEP-DOWN CONVERTER4
1.4TRANSITION BETWEEN CONTINUOUS AND
DISCONTINUOUS6
1.5VOLTAGE RATOP OF BUCK CONVERTER7
1.6 BOOST CONVERTER STEP-UP CONVERTER10
1.7 BUCK-BOOST CONVERTER11
1.8 CONVERTER COMPARISON13
1.9 CUK CONVERTER13
1.10ISOLATED DC-DC Converters15
1.10.1 Flyback Converter16
1.10..2 Forward Converter17
2. BRIDGELESS PFC BOOST RECTIFIERS21
2.1INTRODUCTION20
2.2 PROPOSED CIRCUIT AND WORKING PRINCIPLE28
2.3 MODES OF OPERATION39
3 SIMULATION32
3.1 GENERAL32
CHAPTER No.TITLE PAGE No.
3.1.1 purpose of simulation32 3.1.2 MATlab 32
3.2 SIMULATION DIAGRAM33
3.3 PULSE WIDTH MODULATION35
3.3.1Pluse width modulation inverter35
3.3.2 Pwm generation technique36
3.4 ADVANTAGES OF INVERTER36
3.5OBJECTIVE37
4 HARDWARE BLOCK DESCRIPTION38
4.1 GENERAL38
4.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM38
4.3 POWER SUPPLY38
4.4 PERIPHERAL INTERFACE CONTROLLER39
4.4.1Driver unit39
4.4.2 Pulse-width modulation39
4.5 HARDWARE DISCRIPTION40
4.5.1Step down transformer41
4.5.2Rectifier unit41
4.5.3Filteration unit42
4.5.4Voltage regulators42
4.6 PIC MICROCONTROLLER43
4.6.1High-performance risc cpu43
4.6.2 Peripheral features43
4.7 Analog Features44
4.8 Special Microcontroller Features44
4.9 CMOS Technology44
4.10 VICE OVERVIEW45
4.10.1 Vice overview45
4.10.2 Memory organization46
4.10.3Program memory organization46
CHAPTER No.TITLE PAGE No.
4.10.4 Data memory organization47
4.11 I/O PORTS48
4.11.1Port a and the trisa Register48
4.11.2Port b and the trisa Register48
4.11.3Port c and the trisa Register49
4.11.4Port d and the trisa Register50
4.11.5Port e and the trisa Register50
4.12 ALGORITHM51
4.13 FLOW CHART52
4.14 DRIVER CIRCUIT53
4.14.1Optocoupler53
4.14.2Darlington amplifier55
4.15 MOSFET56
4.15.1 Mosfet regions of operation56
4.15.2 Diode57
5 CONCLUSION58
REFERENCES69
APPENDICES61
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE No. TITLE PAGE No.
4.1PORTD Functions 51
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE No.TITLE PAGE No.
1.1 General diagram of an electromagnetic micro generator2
1.2 Conventional two-stage diode-bridge ac-dc converters 2
boost rectifier ,Buck-boost rectifier1.3 Buck Converter 5
1.4 Voltage and current changes5
1.5 Buck Converter at Boundary7
1.6 Buck Converter - Discontinuous Conduction 8
1.7 Output Voltage vs Current10
1.8 Boost Converter Circuit11
1.9Voltage and current waveforms12
1.10schematic for buck-boost converter12
1.11 Waveforms for buck-boost converter 13
1.12 Comparison of Voltage ratio14
1.13 CUK Converter15
1.14 CUK ON-STATE15
1.15 CUK OFF-STATE15
1.16.(a) Buck-Boost Converter17
1.16.(b) Replacing inductor by transformer 17
1.16.(c) Fly back converter re-configured18
1.17 Forward Converter18
1.18 Forward converter with tertiary winding19
2.1basic bridgeless pfc boost rectifier21
2.2 conventional pfc boost rectifier22
2.3 Basic bridgeless pfc boost rectifier23
3.1 simulation block diagram34
3.2 Simulation circuit dig. and Simulation Output35
3.3 PWN graph37
4.1Hardware Block diagram39
4.2 POWER SUPPLU UNIT41
4.3 pin diagram46
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Lr-Resonant Inductor
Ls-Series Resonant Inductor
Cr-Resonant Capacitor
Cs- Series Resonant Capacitor
Cos-Power Factor
R-Resistance
Z-Impedance
XL-Inductance Reactance
Xc-Capacitive Reactance
Vc-Voltage across capacitor
Vin- Input voltage
Vout-Output voltage
Edc-InputDC voltage
iR-Current through the resistor
0-Resonant angular frequency
BJT- Bipolar Junction Transistor
BLDC-Brush Less Direct Current
EMC-Electro Magnetic Component
EMI-Electro Magnetic Interference
FBSR-FullBridge Series Resonant
HBSR-HalfBridge Series Resonant
HF-High Frequency
IGBT-Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
MOSFET-Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
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