MATCH THESE CHINA DEFINITIONS (Terms)
1-MIDDLE KINGDOM__
2-MANDATE OF HEAVEN __
3-FILIAL PIETY__
4-MINORITY NATIONALITY __
5-ANCESTOR VENERATION __
6-DYNASTY __
7-TERRACE FARMING __
8-FORBIDDEN CITY__
9-PINYIN__
10-ACUPUNCTURE __
11-KOWTOW __
12-MANDARIN __
A-The Chinese belief that we are in the center of the universe, with heaven above and uncultured barbarians below.
B-belief that the right to rule has been granted by heaven, therefore the people owe the ruler complete loyalty and they have the right to expect, in turn, good government
C-respect for parents and elders
D-different ethnic groups that reside within China (ex: Tibetans, Mongols, Manchus)
E-an important aspect of traditional folk religion in China which emphasizes respect for the memory of the dead
F-a series of rulers from the same family
G-cutting into the sides of mountains to produce level land for farming
H-a walled area inside the capital city of Beijing that, at one time, housed the emperor, and no common individual would be permitted entry
I-the official dialect in China
J-new Chinese alphabet
K-an ancient medical practice in which specific points on the body are stimulated, usually by fine needles, to promote healing and treatment of many types of ailments
L-to kneel before a ruler, touching forehead to the ground
MATCH THESE CHINA DEFINITIONS (People)
1-CONFUCIUS __
2-LAO TSU __
3-SIDDHARTHA GAUTAMA __
4-MAO ZEDONG __
5-CHIANG KAI-SHEK __
6-SUN YAT-SEN __
7-EMPRESS DOWAGER __
8-CONFUCIANISM__
9-GENERAL YUAN SHIH-K’AI
__
10-TAOISM__
11-BUDDHISM __
12-RED GUARD __
13-KUOMINTANG __
14-COMMUNISTS V. NATIONALISTS __
A-the “Last Empress” of the Manchu Dynasty China, who became powerful when, as a concubine to the Emperor, she bore a son through whom she ruled
B-a high military official of the Ching Dynasty who turned against it, succeeded Sun Yat-sen as the first president of the ChineseRepublic and attempted to found a new imperial dynasty
C-A system of ethics and guide to right behavior that has become essential to Chinese society. Harmony is society is created through righeousness in the “five relationships”. In each of these (ruler-ruled, father-son, husband-wife, elder brother-younger, friend-friend), the superior party owes loving responsibility to the inferior, and the inferior in turn owes obedience and respect. “Virtue is its own reward”
D-Philosopher Lao Tsu encouraged followers of “the way” to learn from and not interfere with nature, which is superior to humankind. According to the Tao Te Ching (sacred book of Taoism), power, honor and material wealth are unimportant and mindfulness is key. Emphasis on compassion, tranquility, balance, and going with, rather than against, the “flow”.
E-Founded by an Indian prince who sought to free humankind from suffering, Buddhism is based upon the elimination of desires and an awareness of the immediate. “Four noble truths” were established by the Buddha: Life is full of suffering; Human desires cause this pain; if you end desires, you will end suffering; follow the eightfold path, which consists of right action, speech, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, concentration, views and intention.
F-C= Mao Zedong, People’s Republic of China; N= Sun Yat-Sen, Republic of China
G-organization of young Chinese communists to help “cleanse” China during Mao’s Cultural Revolution
H-Nationalist armed forces
I-ancient philosopher and politician whose teachings stressed the importance of relationships, the authority of parents, moral behavior and the superiority of mental work over manual
J-acquaintance of Confucius who taught a philosophy of returning to nature and quiet simplicity as a way of life
K-Indian founder of Buddhism, which emphasizes a relief from suffering through the elimination of desires
L-former leader of the Chinese Communist Party who unified and ruled until his 1976 death
M-general and leader of the Nationalist party who served as head to the Republic of China until his 1975 death
N-leader of the Chinese Revolution of 1911 and first president of the Republic of China
MATCH THESE CHINA DEFINITIONS (Events)
1-1911 REVOLUTION __
2-BOXER REBELLION __
3-OPIUM WAR__
4-1900 OPEN DOOR POLICY __
5-“TWO CHINAS”__
6-CULTURAL REVOLUTION __
7-LONG MARCH __
8-THREE PRINCIPLES OF THE PEOPLE__
A-the US called on the European nations to support the idea that all nations would have equal access to trade with China and keep China independent
B-early 1800s, China’s economic and social problems led to an increase in drug use. Opium, cultivated in India, sold in China by the British. 1839, the Emperor ordered the end of the trade and jailed foreigners, which gave the British reason to go to war, which they won in 1842, gaining Hong Kong.
C-1900, peasants protested against Manchu gov’t and foreigners, but were crushed by westerners. Result: China was forced to allow foreign troops and warships.
D-started with a disturbance in the Yangtse river valley and the Manchu Dynasty could not control its spread. General Yuan Shih-K’ai, a warlord, emerged as China’s leader.
E- (1934) Chiang Kai-Shek and the Kuomintang surrounded Mao Zedong and the communists. The communists broke through and began a 6000 mile trek into NW China. Chiang Kai-Shek pursued and, of the 100,000 participants, fewer than 20,000 survived
F-from the point of view of the international community, this phrase refers to which China, Taiwan or mainland China, a country would recognize during the Nationalist/Communist struggle
G-used as a campaign to restore Mao’s supreme leadership and curb his opponents, the results of this were a million dead, the destruction of valuable historical document and artifacts, suicides and family disruptions. The conflict was aimed against the old Confucian ways vs. Mao’s new Communist philosophy
H-Sun Yat-Sen nationalism- unify the country; people’s democracy- create a government of the people; people’s livelihood- economic equality