SUpplementary material for env sci poll res

Does the exposure mode to ENPs influence the toxicity of aquatic species? A case of study with TiO2 nanoparticles and Daphnia magna

Beatrice Salieri1, Andrea Pasteris1, Jonas Baumann2, Serena Righi1, Jan Köser2, Rosaria D’Amato3, Benedetta Mazzesi1, Juliane Filser2

1Interdipartmental Research Centre for Environmental Sciences, C.I.R.S.A., University of Bologna, Via S. Alberto 163, 48120 Ravenna, Italy

2 Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT), University of Bremen LeobenerStrasse, 28359 Bremen, Deutschland

3 ENEA-UTAPRAD Via Enrico Fermi, 00044 Frascati (Rome) (Italy)
Corresponding author:

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Table S1: Chemical composition of Guizza dilution water

Ion / Concentration (mg/L)
Bicarbonate (HCO3-) / 295
Magnesium (Mg2+) / 28.7
Nitrate (NO3-) / 8.7
Sulphate (SO42)- / 4.0
Potassium (K+) / 1.1
Calcium (Ca2+) / 49
Silica (SiO2) / 17.5
Sodium (Na+) / 6.5
Chloride (Cl)- / 2.4
Fluoride (F)- / 0.15

Fig. S1: Z-potential pH diagrams of the titration of n-TiO2 suspension.

RESULTS

TableS2: DLS and zeta potential measurements of three samples of stock suspensions (Sample A,B,C)

pH / D (nm) ± s.d / PDI ± s.d / Zeta potential ± s.d
Sample A / 4.0 / 270 ± 5 / 0.26 ± 0.01 / 34.1 ± 0.6
Sample B / 4.0 / 281 ± 34 / 0.18 ± 0.08 / 34.9 ± 0.7
Sample C / 4.2 / 387 ± 57 / 0.19 ± 0.02 / 37.2 ± 1.9

TableS3: Average of hydrodynamic diameter (µm ± s.d.)over the concentration tested and over the time in M7 water

mg/L / D (µm) ± s.d
time 0 / D (µm) ± s.d
time 24 h / D (µm) ± s.d time48 h / D (µm) ± s.d time72 h / D (µm) ± s.d
time 96 h
10 / 3.3 ± 0.2 / 2.9 ± 0.1 / 3.5 ± 0.4 / 3.1 ± 0.2 / 2.5 ± 0.4
25 / 2.3 ± 0.8 / 2.5 ± 0.1 / 2.4 ± 0.2 / 3.7 ± 0.1 / 3.2 ± 0.2
50 / 2.9 ± 0.3 / 3.3 ± 0.2 / 3.7 ± 0.2 / 3.3 ± 0.2 / 3.8 ± 0.1
75 / 3.8 ± 0.3 / 3.5 ± 0.4 / 4.3 ± 0.3 / 3.7 ± 0.2 / 3.4 ± 0.2
100 / 5.2 ± 0.4 / 3.5 ± 1.3 / 3.7 ± 0.2 / 4.1 ± 0.3 / 4.1 ± 0.2
250 / 6.1 ± 0.6 / 5.6 ± 0.6 / 5.5 ± 0.3 / 5.5 ± 0.3 / 5.5 ± 0.4

Table S4: Average of hydrodynamic diameter (µm ± s.d.) and PDI measurements at the concentration 10-50-100 mg/l of n-TiO2 (GUIZZA water)

Time 0 / Time 24 h
mg/l / D (µm) ± s.d / PDI ± s.d / D (µm) ± s.d / PDI ± s.d
10 / 2.3 ± 0.7 / 0.48 ± 0.10 / 3.6 ± 0.7 / 0.93 ± 0.05
50 / 5.1 ± 0.5 / 0.55 ± 0.01 / 7.5 ± 0.6 / 0.81 ± 0.15
100 / 3.5 ± 0.4 / 0.49 ± 0.10 / 5.6 ± 1.3 / 0.71 ± 0.07

Table S5: Average of hydrodynamic diameter (µm ± s.d.) and PDI measurements at the concentration 10-50-100 mg/l of n-TiO2 (ISO water)

Time 0 / Time 24-h
mg/l / D(µm) ±s.d / PDI ± s.dv / D(µm) ±s.d / PDI ± s.d
10 / 1.3 ± 0.1 / 0.31 ± 0.03 / 7.1 ± 2.3 / 0.93 ± 0.05
50 / 3.0 ± 0.2 / 0.31 ± 0.05 / 8.5 ± 3.3 / 0.89 ± 0.18
100 / 4.4 ± 0.3 / 0.44 ± 0.05 / 4.7 ± 0.4 / 0.60 ± 0.34