In the bioremediation of the Exxon Valdez oil spill, (pages 89-90)
A. genetically engineered microbes were credited with biodegradation of 50% of the spilled oil.
B. naturally occurring microbes that normally feed on hydrocarbons from conifers were able to removed oil from contaminated beaches with no intervention from humans.
C. nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer was used to correct nutrient imbalances to allow natural microbes to use spilled oil as a new food source.
D. microbes were found to be ineffective in cleaning hydrocarbons.
Which statement concerning the water molecule and hydrogen bonding is FALSE? (page 96)
A. Water molecules (in liquid form) are poorly cohesive, retarding the transport of chemicals that might be toxic to living things.
B. Hydrogen bonding provides water molecules a great capacity to resist temperature change, helping stabilize organisms, lakes, and climate systems.
C. Water is less dense in solid form, meaning that ice will float on warmer liquid water to help insulate water bodies.
D. Water readily dissolves ionic compounds and other molecules that are biologically important.
Lipids are one of the basic building blocks (macromolecules) in living organisms, but are not considered to be polymers. Which of the following isconsidered to be both a building block and a polymer? (pages 98-100)
A. Prokaryote
B. Organelle
C. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
D. Hydrocarbons
The second Law of Thermodynamics is important in living organisms because
A. chemical bonds are the means by which living organisms store kinetic energy.
B. energy and matter are easily converted back and forth within living organisms.
C. organisms must constantly consume energy to overcome death and decay that
is the natural outcome of entropy. (pages 102-104, plus lecture)
6C02 + 12H20 + energy from the sun C6H1206 (sugar) + 602 + 6H20
expresses the light reaction portion of photosynthesis. As shown, this portion of photosynthesis accounts for all of the following EXCEPT (pages 105-106, plus lecture)
A. It produces oxygen that may enter the atmosphere for use by animals.
B. It produces a glucose molecule that is the basic source of energy for building
other organic molecules needed by autotrophs.
C. It converts rather poor quality solar energy into high quality chemical energy.
D. It gives off carbon dioxide, a gas that causes global warming, as a waste product.
Which of the following observations was not among those made by Charles Darwin when devising the concept of "Natural Selection"? (Table 4.3, and lecture)
A. Organisms are capable of producing many more offspring than can survive under normal environmental conditions
B. Individuals within a species vary in their physical, functional, and behavioral characteristics.
C. Many characteristics are inherited by offspring from parents.
D. Surviving offspring will always be fitter than their parents.
Early man invented agriculture by choosing and planting seeds from the largest seed heads of native grasses. This favoritism of an extreme physical characteristic can best be described as ______.
A. heritable selection
B. fitness
C. an adaptive trait
D. artificial directional selection (pages 114-115, and Fig 4.24)
In the film "Cadillac Desert", it is clear that the term "water conservation" meant something entirely different in 1930 than it does today. The attitude of that time could be summed up as: (Cadillac Desert)
- Water should be sold to the buyer who is willing to pay the most for it.
- Water should be recycled after each use.
C. Any drop of water that reaches the sea is wasted.
One of the "big losers" in 1930s to 1960s federal water development projects in California was(were):
A. Pork-barrel spending on Congressional "pet projects"
B. Family farms
C. Corporate farms
D. Regional water districts
Pat Brown was Governor of California in the 1950s and 1960s. Which best describes his actions as governor?
A. He requested that immigrant farm labor working on farms using federally supplied water receive fair wages and benefits
B. He requested that the federal government revise the rate structure on water so that cities received water at the same prices as corporate farms.
C. Without addressing any of the equity problems, he launched two statefunded water projects that were comparable in size to previous federal projects.
The first president to consider (against the advice of his advisors and Congress) the National Environmental Protection Act of 1969, and the environmental impact of big federal water projects was: (Cadillac Desert)
A. Nixon (1970)
B. Ford (1975)
C. Carter (1977)
D. Reagan (1982)
"Kesterson Marsh" was an environmental rallying point for the public against
large-scale water projects. At this location,
A. naturally occurring salt that built up from irrigation made the land less productive and lowered standards of living for local workers.
B. land subsided 15 feet from pumping of ground water, causing many problems with roads and buildings.
C. fetuses and chicks of migratory water fowl were found to be deformed due to selenium poisoning.
D. nesting sites for water fowl were no longer available due to diversion of water for irrigation.
In the Costa Rican cloud forest, golden toads are most likely disappearing due to______.
A. pesticides
B. harvesting by local tribesmen to supply the tourist trade
C. global climate change
D. habitat destruction (pages 121-122)
A large river divides a population of mice into two separate populations. One-million years later, a wildlife biologist gets 20 males from one side of the river, and 20 females from the other side, and places them in an enclosure. Twenty years later, this captive population consists of 1,220 males and 2,350 females. Therefore, during the one million years of separation:
A. Allopatric speciation occurred
B. Sympatric speciation occurred
C. Speciation did not occurred
A phylogenetic tree (cladogram):
A. illustrates a scientist's hypothesis as to how divergence took place
B. shows a general relationship among species
C. show how traits of interest most likely evolved
D. there is more than one correct answer above
The K-T event is an example of mass extinction. The latest such event (the 6th mass extinction) was most likely initiated by a combination of climate change and by______, and took place ______.
A. An asteroid impact; about 60 million years ago
B. Large carnivores; about 30,000 years ago
C. Humans; about 10,000 years ago to present
D. Volcanism; about 100 million years ago
The single greatest loss of species is due to ______.
A. Habitat destruction
B. Pollution
C. Invasive species
D. Hunting and harvesting