Species Related Terms and Concepts
APES Review Sheets
Based on Miller's 11th Edition of Living in the Environment from Ben Smith, Palo Verdes High School
Know the "Parts of", "Dynamics and Processes of ", "Significance/Meaning of", AND be able to explain/discuss each of the following:
Endangered/Threatened / Giant Panda, Florida Manatee, Presido Manzanita, Black-footed ferret, Kangaroo Rat, Florida Panther, Sand Verbena, Bladder Pod, Torreya, Monk Seal, Northern Spotted Owl, Red Wolf, Wyoming Toad, Gopher Tortoise, Black Rhino, California Condor, Boulder Darter Scrub Mint, American Burying Beetle, Piping Plover, Florida Key Deer, Grizzly Bear, Chinook Salmon, Arizona Agave, Oahu Tree Snail, Greenback Cutthroat Trout, Hawksbill Sea Turtle, Wood Stork, Ocelot, American Crocodile, Green Pitcher Plant.
Characteristics of
Extinction-Prone Species / Low reproduction rate, Specialized feeding habits, Feed at high trophic levels, Large size, Limited or specialized nesting or breeding areas, Found in only one place or region, Fixed migratory patterns, Preys on livestock or people, Behavior patterns
Keystone / Alligator, Wolf, Prairie Dog, Fig Trees, Plankton, Kelp/Sea Otters, Mycorrhizae.
Indicator / Most Songbirds (e.g. Warblers), Amphibians (Frogs, Salamanders), songbirds, amphibians (frogs, salamanders, toads), trout, benthic invertebrates (mayfly, caddisfly, riffle beetle, dobson fly larvae) water bird, E. coli (fecal wastes), shell fish (tissues analyzed for pesticides, heavy metals), top level consumers (northern spotted owl, wolf, bear, mountain lion, great hombill), Elodea, Ceratophyllum, eel grass, alligator, lichen, dinofiagellates, fathead minnow, salmon, oysters, water penny, water pollution tolerant organisms (sludge worms, aquatic worms, midge larvae, tubifex worms, pouch snails, blood midges).
Introduced/Non-Native / Terrestrial Plants
Downy brome (Bromustectorum)
Garlic mustard (Alliariapetiolata)
Hogweed (Heracleummantegazzianum)
Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica)
Japanese knotweed (Polygonumcuspidatum)
Kudzu (Puerariamontana var. lobata)
Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula)
Multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora)
Russian olive (Elaeagnusangustifolia)
Saltcedar (Tamarix spp.)
Scotch broom (Cytisusscoparius)
Scotch thistle (Onopordumacanthium)
Spotted knapweed (Centaureamaculosa)
Tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima)
Yellow star thistle (Centaureasolstitialis) / Terrestrial Animals
Asian long-horned beetle (Anoplophoraglabripennis)
Asian tiger mosquito (Aedesalbopictus)
Brown tree snake (Boigairregularis)
Cane toad (Bufomarinus) - impact has been far-reaching, with the invasion of cane toads into Queensland thought to be an important factor in the decline of many native animals.
European gypsy moth (Lymantriadispar)
European starling (Sturnus vulgaris)
Glassy-winged sharpshooter (Homalodiscacoagulata)
Hemlock Woolly adelgid (Adelgestsugae)
Red imported fire ant (Solenopsisinvicta)
Wild Boar (Susscrofa) / Aquatic & Wetlands Plants
Brazilian waterweed (Egeriadensa)
Eurasian water-milfoil (Myriophyllumspicatum)
Giant salvinia (Salviniamolesta)
Hydrilla (Hydrillaverticillata)
Melaleuca (Melaleucaquinquenervia)
Purple loosestrife (Lythrumsalicaria)
Water chestnut (Trapanatans)
Water hyacinth (Eichhorniacrassipes)
Aquatic & Wetlands Animals
Alewife (Alosapseudoharengus)
Asian swamp eel (Monopterusalbus)
Bullfrog (Ranacatesbeiana)
Eurasian ruffe (Gymnocephaluscernuus)
European green crab (Carcinusmaenas)
Nutria (Myocastor coypus)
Round goby (Neogobiusmelanostomus)
Sea lamprey (Petromyzonmarinus)
Veined rapa whelk (Rapanavenosa)
Zebra mussel (Dreisseniapolymorpha)
Microbes
West Nile virus (Flavivirus)
Pests / Gypsy Moth, European Red Mite, Boll Weevil, tobacco Horn worm, Grasshopper (Locust), Pink Bullworm, Brown Planthoppers, Aphids.
Introduced / Re-introduced to help control Pest Species / Wasps, Beetles (Lady Beetles, Lady Bugs), Vedalia Beetle Larva.
Interactions / Interspecific Competition, Predation, Parasitism, Mutualism, Commensalism, Interference Competition, Exploitation Competition, Competitive Exclusion, Resource Partitioning, Realized Niche, Fundamental Niche, Predator-Prey Relationship (in food chain or web arrows go towards higher trophic level)
r- or K-strategist / r
many small offspring, little or no parental care or protection of offspring, early reproductive age, most offspring die, small adults, adapted to unstable climate, high population growth rate, population size fluctuates wildly above and below , generalist niche, low ability to compete, early successional species / K
fewer, larger offspring, high parental care, later reproductive age, most offspring survive, larger adults, adapted to stable climate, lower population growth rate, population fairly stable, specialist niche, high ability to compete, late successional species