Name ______Per ____

ECOLOGY REVIEW

  1. What is the ONLY way that carbon dioxide from the atmosphere enters the BIOTIC parts of the ecosystem? ______
  2. What are two ways that carbon dioxide from the biotic parts of the ecosystem is RELEASED into the atmosphere?
  3. ______
  4. ______
  5. Give TWO examples of parasitism.
  6. ______
  7. ______
  8. Give ONE example of commensalism. ______
  9. Give THREE examples of mutualism.
  10. ______
  11. ______
  12. ______
  13. List the levels of ecological organization from the SMALLEST to the LARGEST. ______
  14. A pod of killer whales would be an example of which level of organization? ______
  15. Several species interacting with each other would be an example of which level of organization? ______
  16. An ecologist who studies how several species in an area interact among each other and with the abiotic part s of the environment is interested in the biological organization level called a(n): ______
  17. For the following food web: grass  mice  cats  coyotes
  18. How much energy is LOST between the mice and the cats? ______
  19. As matter and energy flow from the grass to the coyotes, the amount of available energy ( increases / decreases )
  20. What word would you use to describe the relationship between the cats and the coyotes? ______
  21. The coyotes are…
  22. Herbivores, carnivores, or omnivores? ______
  23. Autotrophs or heterotrophs? ______
  24. Producers or consumers? ______
  25. What level consumer are they? _____
  26. Where in this food chain does the energy START? ______
  27. What word is a SYNONYM for producer? ______
  28. What word is a SYNONYM for consumer? ______
  29. Place the words autotroph, decomposer, and heterotroph in the correct order showing the flow of energy through the environment ______
  30. Draw an energy pyramid for a stable ecosystem, including producers, herbivores, and carnivores.
  1. Weather is a density- ( dependent / independent ) factor which affects population size.
  2. Organisms that directly require sunlight in order to survive are called ______or ______.
  3. From what source do all autotrophs get their energy? ______
  4. Primary consumers are always ( herbivores / carnivores ).
  5. Secondary consumers are always ( herbivores / carnivores ).
  6. Things which digest dead plant and animal tissues and break them down into simpler substances are called ______.
  7. What is carrying capacity? ______
  8. What are the characteristics of animals with a rapid life-history pattern?
  9. ______
  10. ______
  11. ______
  12. ______
  13. ______
  14. What are the characteristics of animals with a slow life-history pattern?
  15. ______
  16. ______
  17. ______
  18. ______
  19. ______
  20. A population that grows until it reaches its carrying capacity has what shape? _____
  21. A population that is experiencing exponential growth has what shape? _____
  22. Population control factors which are NOT influenced by population density are known as ______factors.
  23. Population control factors whose effects increase as the population density increases are known as ______factors.
  24. Populations of animals which have NO limiting factors experience what kind of growth? ______
  25. What effect does movement between countries have on the world’s total population? ______
  26. An age-structure graph that is about the same among all age groups is showing what kind of growth? ______
  27. An age-structure graph that is the widest among the pre-reproductive population is showing what kind of growth? ______
  28. Draw a graph for a country that is experiencing exponential growth.
  1. Draw a graph for a country that has reached its carrying capacity.
  1. Draw a graph for a population that is experiencing linear growth.
  1. What two things tend to decrease a country’s population size? ______and ______
  2. What two things tend to increase a country’s population size? ______and ______
  3. How is the human population growth rate calculated? ______
  4. Zero population growth occurs when ______rate and ______rate are equal.
  5. What is the ONLY way of taking carbon dioxide OUT of the atmosphere? ______
  6. Fill in the table with these terms: mutualism, commensalism, parasitism

Relationship / Organism I / Organism II
Benefitted / Harmed
Benefitted / Benefitted
Benefitted / Unaffected

The following graph shows how a plant called SALTBUSH’s food (glucose) production is affected by temperature. Use the graph to answer the following 5 questions.

41. What is the abiotic factor which is affecting photosynthesis? ______

42. How much glucose is being produced at 20 degrees Celsius? ______

43. Based on the graph, at what temperature is glucose production the greatest? ______

44. Does the graph tell you how the rate of photosynthesis might vary for plants other than saltbush? EXPLAIN. ______

45. What happens to the formation of glucose after the temperature reaches 30 degrees Celsius? ______

Use the food web pictured below to answer the next 7 questions.

46. Which organism is the producer in this food web? ______

47. Which organisms are the primaryconsumers in this food web? Name all of them! ______

48. Which organism is at the top of the energypyramid for this food web? ______

49. Which organism/s are the primary source of energy for this food web? ______

50. How many trophiclevels are pictured in this food web? _____

51. If the grass utilizes 1% of available solar energy, what amount of available solar energy is utilized by the snake belonging to the food chain: grass-grasshopper-frog-snake? _____

52. Which organisms represent the decomposers in this food web? ______

53. Nitrogen is used to make what substance in your body? ______

54. What do “nitrogen fixing bacteria” do? (FIX NITROGEN is not the answer!) ______

55. What are 3 ways of “fixing” nitrogen?

a. ______

b. ______

c. ______

56. What do “denitrifying bacteria” do? ______

57. In what form is nitrogen in our atmosphere? _____

58. In what form does nitrogen have to be in for plants to absorb it? ______

59. Give 2 examples of density-dependent limiting factors.

a. ______b. ______

60. Give 2 examples of density-independent limiting factors.

a. ______b. ______

61. What is the approximate world’s population? ______About how long does it take the population size to double? ______

62. What does natality mean? ______Mortality? ______

63. The two halves of the carbon cycle are ______and ______.

From the “Wolves of Yellowstone” movie: State what actually happened to each of the animals below after wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park in 1995, and EXPLAIN WHY.

Elk ______

Grizzly Bears______

Eagles______

Coyotes______

Foxes______

Rabbits______

Deer______

Bighorn Sheep/
Mountain Goats______