Study Guide - Unit 3

Big Things that Happened, 1450-1750 (By Chapter)

Ch. 15

Ottomans captured Constantinople-1453

Rise of Spanish Monarchy-1469

Ch.16

Portugese Round cape of good hope- 1488

Columbus sails the ocean blue- 1492

1st Spanish Colonies 1509

Magellan circumnavigates the globe 1519-1521

Ottoman defeated at battle of Lepanto 1572

French-british wars in india 1744

Ch. 17

Northern Renaissance 1450-1600

1st European Printing press 1455

Michelangelo 1475-1514

France & Spain invade Italian city states; beginning of decline!

1490’s

Commercial Revolution 1500-1600

Luther’s 95 theses; beginning of Protestant Reformation 1517

Decline of witchcraft trials 1670-1692

Glorious Revolution in Britain; Parliamentary Monarchy; Some religious tolerance; Political writing of John Locke – 1688-1690

Enlightenment - 18th century

European Population Boom – 1730- 1850

Beginnings of Methodism – 1730

Ch. 18

Much of Russia Freed from Tatars by Ivan the Great – 1462

Moscow Region free; Russian expansion presses south – 1480

Ivan the Terrible (1st to emphasize title of tsar; Boyar power reduced 1533–1584

Russian Expansion in central Asia; Western Siberia 1552- 1556

Time of troubles 1604-1613

Romanov Dynasty – 1613 – 1917

Russian Pioneers to Pacific – 1637

Law intact making serfdom hereditary – 1649

Founding of St. Petersburg – 1703

Ch. 19

Tready of Tordesilla – 1494

Cortez leads conquest of Mexico 1519 – 1524

Ch. 20

Portugese fort est. at El Mina – 1481

Beginnings of English slave trade – 1562

Fall of Songhay empire – 1591

Dutch est. colony at Cape of good Hope – 1652

Ch. 21

Ottoman Capture of Constantinople – 1453

Ottoman victory over Safavids at Chaldiran – 1514

Ottoman capture of Syria and Egypt – 1517

First Ottoman siege of Vienna – 1529 (Noticing a pattern, here?....)

Nadir Shah invades India – 1739

Ch. 22

Vasco de Gama opens the sea route around Africa to Asia – 1498 – 1499

Portuguese conquest or Goa in Western India – 1510

Portuguese conquer Malacca – 1511

Francis Xavier makes mass converts in India – 1540’s

Jesuits arrive in China – 1580’s

1st Japanese invasion of Korea – 1592

Dutch and British assault on Portuguese empire in Asia – 1600’s

Tokugawa Shogunate established – 1603

Christianity banned in Japan – 1614

Dutch East India Company Est. @ Batavia on Java – 1619-1620

Dutch capture Malacca; confined to Deshima island off Nagasaki – 1641

A few random Things to remember….

Conclusion: Asia and the First Phase of Europe's Global Expansion. Western exploration and commercial expansion only touched most of Asia peripherally. In East Asia, Chinese and Japanese strength blocked European domination of their lands. In South and Southeast Asia, where European impact was stronger, most Asians retained control of their destinies. Asian change came from indigenous factors that maintained old cultural and social influences. Even in commerce and seafaring, where their influence was greatest, Europeans found it better to become part of existing networks.

Global Connections: Gunpowder Empires and the Restoration of the Islamic Bridge Between Civilizations. The early modern Muslim empires had sufficient internal reasons for destruction, but their demise was made more certain by a common ignoring of the rising European threat. Little effort was made to incorporate European technological advances. The failure to meet the European challenge weakened the economic base of their empires as revenues and profits were drained off by foreigners. Importation of European bullion brought damaging inflation. Muslim leaders and scholars ignored these trends and caused serious difficulties for the world of Islam in the future.

Global trade/Interactions (1450-1750)

East Asia:

China: many navigational inventions[sternpost rudder, lateen sails, astrolabe, magnetic compass]; relied on regional trade; Japan: prohibited foreign trade

Western Europe:

Trade no longer land based only; Hanseatic League; European exploration and colonization; new navigational technology utilized for voyages; British East India Company; stole info. From Spanish/Portuguese

Eastern Europe:

Russia: forced to establish agencies in Moscow/St. Pete; traded primarily with nomads of central Asia; Ottoman Empire: European traders formed colonies with Constantinople; dismissed western tech and trade.

South Asia:

India encouraged to trade with West but was more preoccupied with imperial expansion.

Latin America:

Exploration of Portugal; Spain headed West-Columbus’s voyage; Reconquista delayed Spanish exploration; Vasco de Gama, Dias, Ferdinand Magellan; haciendas formed;

Middle East:

Colonies formed here by western Europe. Traded with West but more interested in expanding empire;

MAJOR TURNING POINTS:

Silk Road connected everyone; east to west (1200-1600); Renaissance; gunpowder; European colonization and exploration; Commercial Revolution; Atlantic Slave Trade; ships used for trade; Crusades

***Think about how this connects to today!***

(Look @ regional/thematic outlines)

Gender Relations

1450-1750 CE
Japan- women live with increased restrictions on daily lives, obey husband or face death.
Women educated at home. Known as Warring Period / East Asia
Queen mothers ran royal house, kept relations with foreign nations and controlled marriage alliance. Exploration & colonization ensures spread of Spanish/Portuguese language, culture, Catholicism / Western Europe
Russia- nobles adopt Western European culture thru language (some spoke French) and dressing style, but ordinary peoples remain the same. / Eastern Europe
Mughal outlaw Sati, encourage widows to remarry, Hindu-Muslim try for better relations. Women=Aristocrats, able to supply income (all castes) / South Asia
Changes brought by Europeans, Columbian Exchange, slavery encouraged, European disease diminish Aztec and Incan culture and peoples. / Latin America
Harems-complex social network, originally non-Islamic slaves/prisoners, mothers had influence if son represented in court-became members of sultan’s extended family / Middle East
1450-1750 CE
Demographic shifts
East Asia
1. Asia to Euro = yellow fever, malaria, small pox.
2. Malaysia + Indo + Sing = colonized.
3. Ming = brief exploration, but pull back = isolated.
4. Qing/Manchu Dynasty
5. Tokugawa Japan = united Japan, pop growth, rain grain production increase, urbanized, quality weapons.
6. Pop growth in China
Western Europe
1. Syphilis
2. Growth of urban pop.
3. China + Japan colonized.
4. Exploration, colonization, imperialism.
5. Port: colonize Goa, Malacca, Sri Lanka.
6. Spain = Columbus.
7. English fight wars with Spain for territory.
8. Britain = colonized India.
9. Dutch = Indonesia, Africa Cape Colony.
10. Extract natural resources.
11. Colonize Americas.
12. Spanish + Port = bring in African Slaves to Americas.
13. Renaissance, Protestant Reformation, Scientific Rev, enlightenment.
Eastern Europe
1.Trade with nomads of Central Asia.
2. Cossacks: recruited peasants.
3. Russia = isolated from West, pushed eastward.
4. Not part of Renaissance.
5. Catherine the Great = enforced serfdom.
South Asia
1. Mughal India = Gunpowder Empire = use weapons to maintain regional power.
2. Conflict between Hindus & Muslims.
3. Decline of power = vulnerable to outside influence.
4. Brit East India Company.
Latin America
1. Measles.
2. Monoculture.
3. Domestication of animals.
4. Exploitation of natural resources.
5. Columbian exchange.
6. Pop increase.
7. Horses = new method of labor.
8. Encomienda system = Am Feudalism.
9. Food: squash, beans, corn, potatoes, cacao = population growth.
10. Euro disease kill Ams.
11. Huge Estates = Haciendas.
Middle East
1. Abbasid Caliphate = lose power.
2. Gunpowder empires: ottoman, safavid.
3. Influence Ren in Euro = go back to ideas of Greek and Romans.
Africa
1. Atlantic slave trade = slaves taken from Africa = deplete population.
2. Triangular Slave Trade – slaves from Af in Middle Passage = many died, Euro give guns to Af.
3. Euro & Africa in Columbian exchange= horses, pigs, goats, chili peppers, sugar cane.
4. Africans = separated from families.
Overall Major themes/turning points
1. Rise of nation states = rivalry between nations for territory.
2. World Trade.
3. Columbian exchange – disease = unintended part = bubonic plague.
4. Growth of urban population == famine, enclosure movements.