From,

Dr. SAPNA. D, B.A.M.S

I MD (Ayu),

Department of Post Graduate Studies in AyurvedaSiddhanta,

Government Ayurveda Medical College,

Mysore-570021

To,

THE REGISTRAR,

Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka,

Bangalore-41

Through,

The Principal and Head OF THE DEPARTMENT,

Department of Post Graduate Studies in AyurvedaSiddhanta,

Government Ayurveda Medical College,

Mysore-570021.

Respected Sir,

Subject:-Submission of completedproforma for registration of subject for Dissertation.

I request you to kindly register the below mentioned subject against my name for the submission of dissertation to Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore for the partial fulfillment of M. D. (Ayurveda) in AyurvedaSiddhanta.

Title of theDissertation

“A CRITICAL STUDY ON SAMAVASTHA AND NIRAMAVASTHA OF THE DOSHAS AND ITS CLINICAL APPLICATION.”

Herewith I am enclosing completedproforma for Registration of the subject for Dissertation.

Thanking you

Place: Mysore Yours Faithfully

Date:

(Dr.SAPNA. D)

RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES

KARNATAKA, BANGALORE.

ANNEXURE-II

PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION

1. NAME of the Candidate Dr. SAPNA. D

and ADDRESS: I M.D. (Ayu)

DEPARTMENT OF P.G STUDIES

IN Ayurveda Siddhanta,

GOVERNMENT AYURVEDA

MEDICAL COLLEGE & HOSPITAL

MYSORE-570021.

D/O DEVIDAS DESHPANDE

PLOT NO 25,OPP. SAI BABATEMPLE,

ADARSH COLONY,

BEHIND K.E.B ROAD, BIDAR-585401

2. NAME of INSTITUTION: Government Ayurveda

MEdical college& HOSPITAL

Mysore-570021

3. COURSE of Study & SUBJECT:M.D. (Ayu) IN Ayurveda siddhanta

4. DATE of Admission to Course:15-11-2010

5. TITLE of the topic:

“A CRITICAL STUDY ON SAMAVASTHA AND NIRAMAVASTHA OF THE DOSHAS AND ITS CLINICAL APPLICATION.”

6.BRIEF RESUME OF THEINTENDED WORK.

6.1) Need for theStudy:

Agni plays a prime role in maintenance of health. The malfunctioning of agni and the production of Ama as a consequence of thatare important causes in the pathogenesis of the disease. One of the synonym given to vyadhi is Amaya; which reflects the importance given to Ama in pathogenesis.

In classical literature of Ayurveda, the concept of Samavastha and Niramavastha of the doshas and diseases is given importance because it plays an important role in proper management of the disease. Alsothe line of treatment for both theseavastha’sis different from one another.

In AstangaHrudaya, it is quoted that, when a fruit is squeezed in itsunripenstage it does not yield juice, but instead gets destroyed. In the same way, if shodhana is done in Samavastha, the doshas will not be expelled but damage will be imposed on the body.1

Various studies have been already done on the concept of Ama. But in recent days lot of emphasis is given for evidence based studies. Specific parameters are required to understand and confirm the prevalence of Ama, its severity and also the Nirama stage in the body. There are only few studies conducted on conceptualisation of Sama-Niramaavastha of doshas with their clinical application.

This study is an effort to develop a scale to clinically assess theSama and Nirama stages of the doshas; which will help physicians in their clinical practice.

In present study three diseases each having involvement of Ama with predominance of specific doshasare selected. Hence Amavata, Amlapitta and Amajeerna are selected representingAma involved with Vata, Pitta, Kaphadosha respectively.

6.2)Review of literature:

The word Ama is derived from the root ‘am’ with suffix ‘ninj’.2 which means- the substance which is not digested properly and has yet to undergo for digestion.3

In AstangaHrudaya, the definition of Ama is given as; due to malfunctioning of ushma (agni) theannarasa is improperly formed, gets vitiated and the same is retained in the amashaya. This state of apakvarasa is termed as Ama.4

In CharakaSamhita and SushrutaSamhitathe concept of Samavastha and Niramavastha is mentioned in the context of management of disease. InAstangaHrudaya a detail description of Sama and Niramaavastha in general is described with specific symptomatology of Samavastha; which includesrotorodha, balabhramsha, gourava, anilamudhata, alasya, apakti, nishthiva, mala sanga, aruchi and klama. The Niramalakshanas is opposite to that of Sama lakshanas.5

Sama and Niramalakshanas for individual doshas are also explained in teeka on AstangaHrudaya.

The literature about Amavata and Amlapitta is not present in Brahattrayi. In laghutrayi detail description about the same is available.

Amavata is a disease pertaining to joints and where there is involvement of Ama and predominance of Vatadosha; it is characterized by sandhishotha, sandhishoola and vrishchikadamshavat vedana.6

Amlapitta is a disease where in the Pitta will be in its vidagdhavastha and will be amla in rasa, though its prakruta rasa is tikta and katu. The patients will be having amlodgara, hrt-kanthadaha, avipaka, klama, utklesha, gourava and aruchi.7

Amajeerna is one of the type of ajeerna dominated by Kapha along with Ama. Patient will be complaining of sadyo-bhuktaudgara, avidagdhaudgara, praseka, utklesha and gourava.8

Previous Work done:

  1. Raval V. D: A study of sama-niramapitta with special reference to amlapitta, 1977.
  2. SenguptaApala: Studies on the concept of amaw.s.r to clinic- Pathological and biological parameter, Kolkata, 2000
  3. Vrinda. N. kaka: An applied concept of amapitta and samapittaw.s.r to amlapitta, IPGT & RA , Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, 2006.

6.3)Objectives of the study:

To systematically compilethe available literature regarding Samavastha and Niramavastha of the doshas,analyse & interpret.

To develop a Scale for assessing the Samavastha and Niramavastha of the doshas clinically.

To clinically evaluate the Samavastha and Niramavastha of doshas in the patients of Amavata, Amlapitta and Amajeerna

7. MATERIALS AND METHODS:

7.1) Source of Data:

  • Literary: For the present study the primary sourceof literaturewill be different classicaltexts books of Ayurveda. Along with that relatedinformations will also be compiled from other sources such as Vedic and Upanishad scripts, the literature on different Indian philosophies. Information will also be gathered from different Journals. Previousstudies conducted on similar subjects at different universities and research centers will be compiled. Information available on internet will also be incorporated in the study.
  • The scale for the assessment of Samavastha and Niramavastha of the doshas will be developed by referring different literatures of Ayurveda.

Sample: A minimum of 10 patients of each disease fulfilling the diagnostic criteria will be selected for the study.

7.2) Methods of collection of Data:

Patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for respective disease with respect to age will be selected for the study, irrespective of sex, caste, religion & socio-economic status.

Patients who fulfill the diagnostic criteriaapproaching the OPD of Government Ayurveda Medical College and Hospital, Mysore and special camps conducted in and around Mysore will be selected for the study.

By purposive sampling method patients will be assigned to three groups consisting of a minimum of 10 patients each.

The results of the present study will be analysed statistically by usingDescriptive statistics, Chi-Square Test, Contingency co-efficient analysisby using SPSS for windows.

Inclusion Criteria:

Individuals fulfilling theDiagnostic criteria for the respective disease between the age group of 16-60 years will be selected for the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

Systemic disorders that interfere with the study will be excluded.

Pregnant & Lactating women will be excluded.

Diagnostic Criteria:

For amavata9

Chief complaints:

  • Sandhishotha
  • Sandhishoola
  • Sandhistabdhata

Associated complaints(Samajalakshanas)

  • Jwara
  • Aruchi
  • Alasya
  • Gaurava
  • Apaka

For Amlapitta10

Chief complaints:

  • Amlodgara
  • Hrt-kanthadaha

Associated complaints( Samajalakshanas)

  • Aruchi
  • Klama
  • Gaurava
  • Avipaka

For Amajeerna11

Chief complaints:

  • Sadyo-bhuktaudgara
  • Avidagdhaudgara

Associated complaints(Samajalakshanas)

  • Gaurava

7.3) Does the study requires any investigations or interventions to be conducted on patients or other animals? If so, please describe briefly.

YES

The study requires interventions to be conducted on patients of Amavata, Amlapittaand Amajeerna

INVESTIGATIONS: No specific investigations will be done for the study.

Intervention:

For Amavata

  • Yoga :Ajamodadi churna12
  • Dose :4gms; twice a day; before food.
  • Duration :Till Niramalakshanas are observed subjected to a maximum of 10 days.
  • Anupana : Ushnodaka
  • Pathyapathya : Advised as per classical literature of Ayurveda..

For Amlapitta

  • Yoga :Jirakadi churna13
  • Dose :4gms; twice a day; before food.
  • Duration :Till Niramalakshanas are observedsubjected to a maximum of 10 days.
  • Anupana : Ushnodaka
  • Pathyapathya : Advised as per classical literature of Ayurveda.

For Amajeerna

  • Yoga :Trikatu churna14
  • Dose :4gms; twice a day; before food.
  • Duration :Till Niramalakshanas are observedsubjected to a maximum of 10 days.
  • Anupana : Ushnodaka
  • Pathyapathya : Advised as per classical literature of Ayurveda.

7.4)Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution in case of 7.3?

YES

8. LIST OF REFERENCES:

  1. Anna MoreshwarKunte and Krishna RamachandraShastriNavre,Vagbhata, AstangaHrudaya, Varanasi,ChowkhambaSurabharathiPrakashana, , 6th Ed 2006, Page: 217.
  2. Raja radha kanta deva,Shabda kalpa druma, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit series office, 3rd edition, 1967, Page:180.
  3. Monier Monier-Williams,Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary, New Delhi, Motilal Banarsidass publishers, 1990, Page:146.
  4. Anna MoreshwarKunte and Krishna RamachandraShastriNavre,Vagbhata, AstangaHrudaya, Varanasi,ChowkhambaSurabharathiPrakashana, 6th Ed, 2006, Page: 216.
  5. Anna MoreshwarKunte and Krishna RamachandraShastriNavre,Vagbhata, AstangaHrudaya, Varanasi,ChowkhambaSurabharathiPrakashana, , 6th Ed, 2006, Page: 216.
  6. Brahmananda Tripathi,Madhavakara, Madhava Nidana, volume 1, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Bhavan, 2006, Page:575.
  7. Brahmananda Tripathi,Madhavakara, Madhava Nidana, volume 2, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Bhavan, 2005, Page:226.
  8. Brahmananda Tripathi,Madhavakara, Madhava Nidana, volume 1, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Bhavan, 2006, Page:288.
  9. Brahmananda Tripathi,Madhavakara, Madhava Nidana, volume 1, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Bhavan, 2006, Page:575.
  10. Brahmananda Tripathi,Madhavakara, Madhava Nidana, volume 2, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Bhavan, 2005, Page:226.
  11. Brahmananda Tripathi,Madhavakara, Madhava Nidana, volume 1, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Bhavan, 2006, Page:288.
  12. Brahmananda Tripathi,Sharangadharacharya, Sharangadhara samhita, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Surabharathi Prakashana, 2004, Page:187.
  13. Indradeva Tripathi and Prof Ramanath Dwivedy,Chakrapanidatta, Chakradatta, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Samsthan, 2005, Page:551.
  14. Brahmananda Tripathi,Sharangadharacharya, Sharangadhara samhita, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Surabharathi Prakashana, 2004, Page:174.

9. Signature of the Candidate:

10. Remarks of Guide:

11. Name and Designation of (In Block Letters)

11.1) Guide: Dr. V. RAJENDRA M.D. (Ayu)

PROFESSOR

DEPARTMENT OF POST GRADUATE

STUDIES IN AYURVEDA SIDDHANTA,

GOVT.AYURVEDA MEDICAL COLLEGE,

MYSORE-570021

11.2) Signature:

11.3) Head of the Department: Dr. K.NASEEMA AKHTARM.D. (Ayu)

PROFESSOR &HEADOF THE

DEPARTMENT OF POST GRADUATE

STUDIES IN AYURVEDA SIDDHANTA,

GOVT.AYURVEDA MEDICAL COLLEGE,

MYSORE-570021

11.4): Signature:

12.1) Remarks of Chairman & Principal:

12.2) Signature:

1