Neuropsychological Assessment
General intellectual functioning / Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (1)
Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) Scale (2) / Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (1)
Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) Scale (2)
Verbal long-term memory / California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) (3) / Rey word list (4)
Verbal and visuo-spatial short-term memory / Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition (WAIS-III) - Digit Span (5)
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition (WAIS-III) - Spatial Span (5) / Digit Span Forward (6)
Corsi Blocks-Tapping Task (7)
Visuo-spatial abilities / Copy of the original version of the Rey–Osterrieth Figure (8) / Copy of the modified version of the Rey–Osterrieth Figure (9).
Executive functions / Trail Making Test (TMT) (10)
Backward digits span (5) / Trail Making Test (TMT)(11)
Backward digits span (5)
General Language Evaluation
Single-word and sentence repetition, word-picture matching / Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) (17) / Battery for the Analysis of the Aphasic Deficit (BADA) (13)
Syntactic comprehension / Curtiss Yamada Comprehension Language Evaluation-Receptive (CYCLE-R) (16) / Battery for the Analysis of the Aphasic Deficit (BADA) (13)
Confrontation Naming / Boston Naming test (BNT) (12) / Battery for the Analysis of the Aphasic Deficit (BADA) (13)
Verbal Fluency / Semantic Fluency (3)
Phonological Fluency (3) / Semantic Fluency (7)
Phonological Fluency (7)
Semantic Abilities / Pyramid and Palm Trees Test (PPT): picture version (15) / Pyramid and Palm Trees Test (PPT): picture version (15)
Apraxia of speech and dysarthria / Motor Speech Evaluation (MSE) (14) / N/A
E-Table 1. Neuropsychological and language tests used in the US and Italian patients.
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2. Morris JC. The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR): current version and scoring rules [see comments]. Neurology 1993;43:2412-2414.
3. Delis C, Kaplan E, Kramer J. D-KEFS, Technical Manual. San Antonio, Texas: The Psychological Corporation, 2001.
4. Carlesimo G, Caltagirone C, Gainotti G. The Mental Deterioration Battery: normative data, diagnostic reliability and qualitative analyses of cognitive impairment. The Group for the Standardization of the Mental Deterioration Battery. Eur Neurol 1996;36:378-384.
5. Wechsler D. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition (WAIS-III). San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation, 1997.
6. Orsini A, Grossi D, Capitani E, Laiacona M, Papagno C, Vallar G. Verbal and spatial immediate memory span: normative data from 1355 adults and 1112 children. Italian Journal of Neurological Sciences 1987;8:539-548.
7. Spinnler H, Tognoni G. Standardizzazione e taratura italiana di test neuropsicologici. Italian Journal of Neurological Sciences 1987;suppl. 8.
8. Osterreith PA. Le test de copie d'une figure complexe. Arch Psychologie 1944;30:206-256.
9. Caffarra P, Vezzadini G, Dieci F, et al. Rey-Osterrieth complex figure: normative values in an Italian population sample. Neurol Sci 2002;22:443-447.
10. Delis D, Kaplan EB, Kramer J. The Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System: The Psychological Corporation, 2001.
11. Giovagnoli AR, Del Pesce M, Mascheroni S, et al. Trail making test: normative values from 287 normal adult controls. Italian Journal of Neurological Sciences 1996;17:305-309.
12. Kaplan E, Goodglass H, Weintraub S. Boston Naming Test (revised 60 item version). Philadelphia: Lea and Febige, 1983.
13. Miceli G, Laudanna A, Burani C, Capasso R. Batteria per l'analisi dei deficit afasici: B.A.D.A. Milano: CEPSAG - Univeristà Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 1994.
14. Wertz R, LaPointe L, Rosenbek J. Apraxia of Speech: The Disorders and Its Management. New York: Grune and Stratton, 1984.
15. Howard D, Patterson K. Pyramids and Palm Trees: A test of semantic Access from Pictures and Words. Suffolk, 1992.
16. Curtiss S, Yamada J. Curtiss-Yamada Comprehensive Language Evaluation: Unpublished test, 1988.
17. Kertesz A. Western Aphasia Battery. London, Ontario: University of Western Ontario Press, 1980.