Cell Energy Notes

Why do cells need energy?All ______need ______

To undergo ______To maintain ______

To make more ______Transport

______transmission______Contraction

Bioluminescence (______)

Heterotrophs=______Use ______only!

Autotrophs=______Use ______AND ______

How do Cells Store Energy?

–______= Adenosine ______

–Made of :

•______Adenine molecule

•1 ______sugar molecule

•3 ______molecules

–Energy is stored in the ______between theses molecules!

  • Why the need for ATP?

–______energy is not absorbed in plants quickly enough without ATP

–In animals, energy is used very______

  • How is ATP made? (sketch ATP cycle below)

Photosynthesis Photo= ______Syntheis= ______

•The process in which ______use solar energy to create energy (ATP)

•Plants use the ______(carbon dioxide) that animals breathe

•Plants make ______(oxygen) and ______

•Photosynthesis happens in the ______

–Chloro= ______-Plast= ______

–Contains ______l which absorbs the sun’s energy

–______: Membrane that absorbs the sun’s energy

–Grana: Stacks of ______

–______: Fluid found inside of the chloroplast

•Equation for Photosynthesis

______

6 CO2 + ______+ 6O2

______

Raw Materials: ______and ______which are both inorganic

Product: ______

•Light Dependant vs. Light Independent

–Light dependant: needs energy from the ______to act as a catalyst for reactions to happen

–Light independent: does not need energy from the sun, uses molecules made in the ______to make energy

–Also called the ______

•Process of Light Dependant Photosynthesis:

–______energy is absorbed and changed to chemical energy

–Light energy is then transferred to the chlorophyll molecules in the ______membrane

•______acts as a catalyst

•The energy level of the electrons rises due to light energy

•This creates enough energy for photosynthesis to begin

–Water splits into ______and ______

•ADP is made into ______and ______energy

•O2 is released and used for ______

  • Process of Light Independent Photosynthesis (Calvin Cycle)

–______and ______(energy “helper” molecule) molecules are used- products of light dependant reaction

–A carbon molecule in a carbohydrate is changed, which makes ______

•“______”

•Glucose is a high energy molecule

Cell Respiration

•Chemical energy from glucose and other food molecules is ______

•Is the process in which ______and ______release ATP

•Cell respiration happens on the ______

•The mitochondria is a double layered organelle

•Folds inside are called ______(increase surface area so more ______can be made)

•Equation for cell respiration

______

C6H12O6 + ______6CO2 + 6H2O + ______ATP

______

•Two stages of cell respiration

  1. Glycolysis: – ______

–Happens in the ______of cell

–Produces ______ATP molecules

  1. Kreb’s Cycle:– ______

–Electron Transport Chain (______ATP)

–Happens in the ______

–For every cycle of the Kreb’s Cycle, 1 ATP is made

•Fermentation: has the end product of glucose

–Happens after the Kreb’s Cycle if oxygen ______present

–IN PLANTS: ______fermentation

•End product is ______alcohol

•Used in brewing and baking (______)

–IN ANIMALS______fermentation

•Accumulates in human muscle tissue. End product is ______fatigue

•Used to make pickles, yogurt, buttermilk, sauerkraut

•Cell Respiration ATP Totals

Glycolysis______ATP

Kreb’s Cycle______ATP

Electron Transport______ATP

Total 38 ATP