Name:______SCT 204
Sec II Science and Technology Final Exam Review
Properties of Matter
Mass
1. What unit would you use to measure the mass of the following objects: milligrams (mg), grams (g) or kilograms (kg)?
a. Your school bag full of books ___Kg______b. A skateboard____kg______
c. A pencil __g______d. An Orange______g______
e. A stamp______mg______
Volume
2. What unit would you use to measure the volume of the following objects: litre (L), millilitres (mL), cubic centimeters (cm3), or cubic meters (m3).
a. water in a swimming pool _____L______b. a box of facial tissues ___cm3______
c. a box of Smarties____cm3______d. A can of juice______mL______
e. a bus______m3______
3. Determine the volume of the object in the graduated cylinders?
a. _____10.0 mL____ b.____4.0 mL____
4. What is the volume of the objects?
a.___1600 cm3______b. ______160 cm3___
20 cm 2 cm
2 cm
4 cm 40 cm
20 cm
Density
5. Express the following information as a density:
a. An irregular object with a mass of 18 kg displaces 2.5 L of water. 18 kg or 7.2 kg/L
2.5 L
b. A 250 g piece of rock has a volume of 50 cm3. 250g or 5 g/cm3
50 cm3
6. Metal A has a mass of 600 g and displaces 100 cm3 of water while Metal B has the same mass and has a volume of 75 mL. Which metal has a higher density? Metal B because it has a higher mass to volume ratio.
7. What happens to the density of air in a balloon if the volume is increased while the mass remains constant? Since density is the ratio of mass to volume, it would decrease as the volume increases.
Particle Model
8. Identify the following states of matter
a._solid__ b.__liquid__ c.____gas___
9. Describe what happens to particles
a. when they are heated ______move away from each other______
b. when they are cooled ______move closer to each other______
Pure Substances and Mixtures
10. A pure substance contains only ______one______type______of ______molecule______. Examples are salt, sugar, distilled water, diamond, and carbon dioxide.
11. A mixture contains at least 2 types of particles. There are 2 types of mixtures:_homogeneous____
mixtures (called solutions) and _heterogeneous____ mixture. Both have at least two types of particles.
12. Homogeneous mixtures have particles that are ___evenly ____ _distributed_______
or spread out evenly in the mixture so it appears when you look at it that there are only 1 types of particle but there are at least 2 types of particles there. Examples are ______salt water__,
____milk______, ____Kool-aid______and ______air______.
13. Heterogeneous mixtures have particles that are not uniformly distributed so that when you see at least ___two______type______of _particle______either with your eyes or with the help of a microscope. Examples are __salt and sugar____, __oil and vinegar___ and ___starch and water__.
14. Solutions are ___homogeneous______mixtures.
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15. Complete the table by putting ONE check in the correct box for each substance.
Example / Homogeneous / Heterogeneous / Pure SubstanceSugar / X
Tap water / X
Pond water / X
Plant cells / X
7-up / X
Olympic medals / X
Porphyritic rock / x
Silver chain / X
Corn syrup / X
Milk / X
Atomic Structure
16. Match the formula with the following molecular model given
gray = oxygen white = hydrogen black = carbon
Carbon dioxide (CO2) Oxygen (O2) Water (H2O) Methane (CH4)
a.______Oxygen (O2)______b.___ Water (H2O)______
c._ Carbon dioxide (CO2)______d.______Methane (CH4)______
17. How is it determined where in the periodic table an element is placed? By the number of protons. Example, since calcium has 20 protons, it has an atomic number of 20 and is 20th in the periodic table.
18. For each of the following state the location, mass, and charge:
a. Proton: In the nucleus, mass of 1 a.m.u., positive charge.
b. Electron: Orbiting the nucleus in orbitals (energy levels or shells), mass is negligible, negative
charge
c. Neutron: In the nucleus, mass of 1 a.m.u., no charge
Cells
19. Match the cell organelles on the left to their appropriate roles on the right
a. Cell membrane___4______1) Produce energy
b. Cytoplasm___2______2) Holds organelles in place
c. Nucleus_____7______3) Absorbs energy from the sun for photosynthesis
d. Endoplasmic reticulum____8______4) Controls what comes in and goes out of the cell
e. Vacuoles ______5______5) Storage of nutrients and other substances
f. Mitochondria____1______6) Thick support for the cell
g. Cell wall____6______7) Directs cell’s activities
h. Chloroplast_____3______8) Cellular transport
20. Label the diagram of photosynthesis
21. Determine whete the substances are acid, base, or neutral, by putting ONE check in the appropriate box.
Substance / pH Value / Acid / Base / NeutralGlass Cleaner / 10.9 / X
Bottle Water / 7.0 / X
Antacid / 8.2 / X
Orange Juice / 2.0 / X
Spaghetti Sauce / 6.6 / X
22. Beside each of the following, determine if the substance tested is acidic, basic, or neutral.
a) Red litmus stays red, blue litmus turns red:______Acidic______
b) Red litmus turns blue, blue litmus stays blue:_____Basic______
c) Red litmus stays red, blue litmus stays blue:______Neutral______
Physical and Chemical Change
22. From the statement below, circle the ones which ARE signs of chemical change:
a. A gas is formed b. A precipitate is formed c. The substance melts
d. The object breaks e. Light is emitted f. A substance dissloves into another
g. Heat is emitted h. The color changes i. The substance evaporates
23. Fill in the blanks by writing “Physical Change” OR “Chemical Change” in the space provided.
a. A ______physical change______is a change of matter from one form to another
without a change in chemical properties.
b. A _chemical change______is irreversible
c. Sublimination is an example of a ____physical change______.
d. A _chemical change______is a change that occurs when a substance changes
composition by forming one or more new substances.
e. A _physical change______is reversible.
24. Changes in state are ___physical______changes. In physical changes, the particles of the substance remain the ___same______.
25. In physical changes, the only thing that changes is the ___appearance______of the substance, The substance retains its __chemical______properties.
26. A substance that undergoes a physical change can return it its __original state______.
27. Changes in state are physical changes. Substances can undergo:
a. Melting: solid state to ____liquid______state. Temperature of transition is
called the ___melting______point.
b. Boiling and Evaporation: liquid state to the gaseous state. Temperature of tansition is called
the _____boiling______point______. Examples
are boiling water and an example of evaporation is clothes drying in the sun.
c. Sublimation: solid state to the ____gaseous______state. Example – ice cubes
gradually disappearing in the freezer.
d. Condensation: _gaseous______state to liquid state – Temperature of
trnsition is called the condensation point. (It happens at the same temperature as the
boiling point). Example – water vapour forms clouds.
e. Solidification: _liquid______state to ______solid______state.
Temperature of transition is called the freezing point. Example – liquid water freezing
into ice.
f. sublimation (or deposition): gaseous state to solid state. Example – water vapour freezing
to form frost.
28. Unlike physical changes, chemical changes result in new ___substances______that have their own properties. Chemical changes can be recogniced by the following signs:
a. ____Gas formed______
b.____Light and heat emitted______
c.____Precipitate formed______
d.____Colour change______
29. Determine whether the following are physical (P) or chemical (C) changes.
a. Adding chlorine to water in a pool. ____P______
b. Humidity in the air from a shower transformed into droplets on the mirror ____P______
c. Moulding a figure out of plasticine. ____P______
d. Preparing hot chocolate using a concentrated syrup and water (or milk) ____P______
e. Melting ice that has built up under skis ____P______
f. Clothes drying in the sun ____P______
g. Making frozen treats with fruit juice ____P______
h. Snoow crystals froming from water vapour in the air ____P______
i. Using dry ice to make smoke during a concert ____P______
Phase Changes
30. Identify the process in the following diagram:
a.___ sublimation or deposition______
b.___ sublimation______
c.___ condensation______
d.___ evaporation______
e.___ liquefaction or melting______
f.___ solidification or freezing______
31. Label the following diagram with the appropriate: state of matter for A, C, and E; phase change for changes B and D (Ignore F)
32. Name the three methods of asexual reproduction in plants: stems, leaves, and roots
33. Name the three methods of sexual reproduction in plants: flowers, cones, and spores
34. Define the following:
a. Asexual reproduction: Method of reproduction that does not require male and female parts. The offspring is identical to parent.
b. Sexual reproduction: Requires male and female parts. The offspring is similar to parents but unique.
c. Embryo: A small immature plant.
d. Fertilization: Combination of the male and female gametes (sex cells)
e. Ova: The female gamete (sex cell), also known as the eggs.
f. fetus: At the end of the 8th week after fertilization, the embryo is considered a fetus
g. Spermatozoa: The male gamete (sex cell)
h. Zygote: After fertilization, the union of the egg and sperm are call the zygote
34. Describe, in steps, the reproductive process of human: 1) The egg, which is released by the follicle in the ovary is picked up by the ends of the fallopian tube and it travels through the fallopian tube.
2) Sperm is released in the vagina and they swim past the cervix, through the uterus and up the fallopian tube. 3) In the fallopian tube, the sperm encounter the egg and one eventually penetrates the egg (fertilization). 4) After fertilization the zygote moves from the fallopian tube to the uterus. As it travels there, the zygote undergoes cell divisions- by the time it reaches the uterus it is a group of about 16 cells. The inner most cells will form the embryo, and the outer cells the placenta 5) Around the 14th day of development the embryo which now has travelled to the uterus, implants itself in the lining of the uterus. Amniotic fluid that protects it and the placenta has formed and the embryo continues to undergo cell division. 6) At about 8 weeks the embryo becomes a fetus and continues to develop until birth.
35. What are the stages of Human Development starting at fertilization with the zygote?
◦ Zygote (fertilization – 2 weeks)
◦ Embryo (2 weeks – 8 weeks)
◦ Fetus (8 weeks – Birth)
36. Label the following diagram of the human reproductive systems
A. Female system
.
Follicle (F) Cervix (E)
A._____Ovary______B _____Fallopian Tube______
C.____Uterus______D.______Vagina______
E. Label the cervix F. Add follicles to the diagram and label them
B. Male system
Scrotum (10) Cowper’s gland (9)
1.____bladder______2._____urtethra______
3._____seminal vesicles______4.______penis______
5.______prostate______6._____epididymis______
7._____vas defrens______8.___testicles______
9. Label the cowper’s gland 10. Label the scrotum
37. Where in the human body is the pituitary gland located? ___Brain______
Rocks and Minerals
38. Complete the table below on rocks
Type of Rock / How it is formedIgneous / Through the cooling and solidification of magma
Sedimentary / Through the erosion and transportation of fragments that are subsequently deposited, compacted and cemented
Metamorphic / From already-formed rocks that change under the action of pressure and heat
39. Complete the following for the 3 types of igneous rocks
Name / How they are formed / Crystal size / ExamplePorphyritic / Undergoes two cooling phases / Crystals vary in size / Certain types of Granite
Extrusive or Volcanic / Formed when lava cools in contact with air or water / Has microscopic crystals / Obsidian
Intrusive (or Plutonic) / Slow cooling of magma within the Earth’s crust / Has large crystals / Gabbro
Energy Transformations
40. Fill in the blanks
a.
_____chemical______mechanical______
b.
_____solar______chemical______
c.
_____chemical______mechanical______
d.
__electrical______heat______
Scientific Reasoning
41. Tommy wishes to conduct an experiment. He records the mass of a piece of paper. The mass is 4.4g. He then sets the piece of paper on fire and collects the resulting ashes. He records the mass of the ashes and notices that it is 3.2 g. Explain what has happened in this experiment.
Since mass cannot be created nor destroyed, Tommy can conclude that part of the mass was lost to the environment in the form of gas or perhaps smoke.
42. List the steps of the scientific method and briefly describe each:
Initial Observation: Notice a phenomenon in nature.
Question: Ask a question about your observation that can be answered by doing an experiment.
Hypothesis: Answer to your question with as much detail as possible (an educated guess)
Controls and Variables: Controls are factors that are staying the same or constant. Variables
are factors that change.
Materials: List the exact quantity and size of materials you will be using - be as specific as possible.
Procedure: Enumerate all the steps, as specifically as possible, that you will follow to complete your
experiment
Results: Present your quantitative (numerical) and/or qualitative (descriptive) observations in point
form and/or table form
Analysis: Describe your results in sentences and using graphs
Conclusion: Accept or reject your hypothesis and why. Explain the scientific principle behind your
Experiment. List any possible errors
43. List the parts of a lab report and briefly describe the characteristics of each step: