Eadmer - Precentor of Canterbury and Historian

E

Eadmer - Precentor of Canterbury and historian

Eanbald I - The first Archbishop of York by that name

Eanbald II - Date of birth unknown; died 810 or 812

East Indies, Patriarchate of the - In consequence of an agreement between the Holy See and the Portuguese Government in 1886

Easter - Includes information on the feast and customs

Easter Controversy - The dispute regarding the proper time of observing Easter

Eastern Churches - Eastern Churches depended originally on the Eastern Empire at Constantinople

Eastern Schism - From the time of Diotrephes (III John 1:9-10) there have been continual schisms, of which the greater number were in the East

Easterwine - Abbot of Wearmouth, nephew of St. Benedict Biscop; born 650, died 7 March, 686

Easton, Adam - Cardinal, born at Easton in Norfolk; died at Rome, 15 September (according to others, 20 October), 1397

Eata, Saint - Second bishop of Hexham, d. 686

Ebbo - Archbishop of Reims, b. towards the end of the eighth century; d. 20 March, 851

Ebendorfer, Thomas - German chronicler, professor, and statesman, b. 12 August, 1385, at Haselbach, in Upper Austria; d. at Vienna, 8 Jan., 1464

Eberhard, Matthias - Bishop of Trier, b. 15 Nov., 1815, at Trier (Germany), d. there 30 May, 1876

Eberhard of Ratisbon - A German chronicler about the beginning of the fourteenth century

Ebermann, Veit - Theologian and controversialist, born 25 May, 1597, at Rendweisdorff, in Bavaria; died 8 April, 1675

Ebionites - Two varieties: the earlier group called Ebionites denied the divinity of Christ; the later Ebionites were a Gnostic sect who believed that matter was eternal and was God's body

Ebner - The name of two German mystics

Ecclesiastes - The name given to the book of Holy Scripture which usually follows the Proverbs; the Hebrew Qoheleth probably has the same meaning

Ecclesiastical Addresses - Rules as to what is fitting and customary in the matter of ecclesiastical correspondence

Ecclesiastical Architecture - All ecclesiastical architecture may be said to have been evolved from two distinct germ-cells, the oblong and the circular chamber

Ecclesiastical Archives - A collection of documents, records, and memorials, pertaining to the origin, foundation, growth, history, and constitutions of a diocese, parish, monastery, or religious community under the jurisdiction of the Church

Ecclesiastical Art - Article explores the origin, history, and types

Ecclesiastical Buildings - This term comprehends all constructions erected for the celebration of liturgical acts, whatever be the name given to them, church, chapel, oratory, and basilica

Ecclesiastical Forum - Ecclesiastical jurisdiction is distinguished into that of the internal and external forum

Ecclesiasticus - The longest of the deuterocanonical books of the Bible, and the last of the Sapiential writings in the Vulgate of the Old Testament

Eccleston, Samuel - Fifth Archbishop of Baltimore, U.S.A (1801-1851)

Eccleston, Thomas of - Thirteenth-century Friar Minor and chronicler

Echard, Jacques - Historian of the Dominicans, born at Rouen, France, 22 September, 1644; died at Paris, 15 March, 1724

Echave, Baltasar de - Painter, born at Zumaya, Guipuzcoa, Spain, in the latter part of the sixteenth century; died in Mexico about the middle of the seventeenth

Echinus - A titular see of Thessaly, Greece

Echternach, Abbey of - A Benedictine monastery in the town of that name, in the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg and the Diocese of Trier

Echter von Mespelbrunn, Julius - Prince-Bishop of Würzburg, b. 18 March, 1545, in the Castle of Mespelbrunn, Spessart (Bavaria); d. 13 Sept., 1617, at Würzburg

Eck, Johann - Theologian and principal adversary of Luther. Detailed profile by J.P. Kirsch

Eckart, Anselm - Missionary, born at Bingen, Germany, 4 August, 1721; died at the College of Polstok, Polish Russia, 29 June, 1809

Eckebert - Abbot of Schönau, born in the early part of the twelfth century

Eckhart, Johann Georg von - German historian, b. at Duingen in the principality of Kalenberg, 7 Sept., 1664; d. at Würzburg, 9 Feb., 1730

Eckhart, Meister - Biographical article on the Dominican theologian and mystic. Includes bibliography

Eckhel, Joseph Hilarius - German numismatist (1737-1798)

Eclecticism - A philosophical term meaning either a tendency of mind in a thinker to conciliate the different views or positions taken in regard to problems, or a system in philosophy which seeks the solution of its fundamental problems by selecting and uniting what it regards as true in the various philosophical schools

Economics - The social science which treats of man's activities in providing the material means to satisfy his wants

Ecstasy - Offers details of false views

Ecuador - An independent state of South America, bounded on the north by Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the south by Peru, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean

Ecumenical Councils - Article looking at the definition, place in church governance and short historical sketches of each council until Vatican I

Ecumenism - Includes the Catholic Church together with the many other religious communions which have either directly or indirectly, separated from it

Edda - A title applied to two different collections of old Norse literature, the poetical or 'Elder Edda' and the prose or 'Younger Edda'

Edelinck - The family name of four engravers

Eden, Garden of - The name popularly given in Christian tradition to the scriptural Garden of Eden

Edesius and Frumentius - Tyrian Greeks of the fourth century, probably brothers, who introduced Christianity into Abyssinia; the latter a saint and first Bishop of Axum, styled the Apostle of Abyssinia, d. about 383

Edessa - A titular archiepiscopal see in that part of Mesopotamia formerly known as Osrhoene

Edgeworth, Henry Essex - Confessor of Louis XVI, and vicar-general of the Diocese of Paris at the height of the French Revolution (1745-1807)

Edinburgh - Derives its name from the time (about A.D. 620) when the fortress of Edwin's burgh was raised on a lofty spur of the Pentland Hills, overlooking the Firth of Forth, and established the Anglian dominion in the northern part of the NorthumbrianKingdom

Editions of the Bible - Includes Hebrew and Greek editions

Edmund, Congregation of Saint - Founded in 1843, by Jean-Baptiste Muard, at Pontigny, France, for the work of popular missions

Edmund Arrowsmith, Venerable - English Jesuit and martyr, d. 1628. Short biography

Edmund Campion, Saint - English Jesuit, martyr, d. 1581. Biographical article

Edmund Rich, Saint - This Archbishop of Canterbury died in 1240, and was canonized within six years. Biography

Edmund the Martyr, Saint - Short biography of the King of East Anglia, who died in 870

Education - In the broadest sense, education includes all those experiences by which intelligence is developed, knowledge acquired, and character formed. In a narrower sense, it is the work done by certain agencies and institutions, the home and the school, for the express purpose of training immature minds

Educational Association, The Catholic - A voluntary organization composed of Catholic educators and other persons who have an interest in the welfare of Catholic education in the United States

Education of the Blind - Includes statistics and history

Education of the Deaf - History, aids, and alphabets are discussed

Edward III - Detailed biographical article on the King of England

Edward Powell, Blessed - Biography of the Welsh priest, Bl. Thomas Abel's companion in martyrdom, d. 1506

Edward the Confessor, Saint - Short biography of the King of England, who died in 1066

Edward the Martyr, Saint - King of England, assassinated at the age of 16 or 17 at the behest of his stepmother. St. Edward was murdered in 979

Edwin, Saint - Biography of the first Christian King of Northumbria, who died in 633. Also known, in Latinized form, as Aeduini

Edwy - King of the English, eldest son of Edmund and St. Aelfgifu, born about 940; died 959

Egan, Boetius - Archbishop of Tuam, born near Tuam, Ireland, 1734; died near Tuam, 1798

Egan, Michael - First bishop of Philadelphia, U.S.A., b. in Ireland, most probably in Galway, in 1761; d. at Philadelphia, 22 July, 1814

Egbert, Saint - A Northumbrian by birth, became a monk in Ireland, died in 729 at the age of 90

Egbert - Frequently though incorrectly called 'First King of England', died A.D. 839

Egbert, Archbishop of Trier - Belonged to the family of the Counts of Holland. Died 8 or 9 December, 993

Egbert, Archbishop of York - Son of Eata, brother of the Northumbrian King Eadbert and cousin of King Ceolwulf, to whom the Venerable Bede dedicated his history; date of birth unknown; d. 19 November, 766

Egfrid - King of Northumbria, b. 650; d. 685

Eginhard - Historian, born c. 770 in the district watered by the River Main in the eastern part of the Frankish Empire; d. 14 March, 840, at Seligenstadt

Egloffstein, Frederick W. von - Born at Aldorf, near Nuremberg, Bavaria, 18 May, 1824; died in New York, 1885

Egmont, Lamoral, Count of - Born at the Château de La Hamaide, in Hainault, 18 Nov., 1522; beheaded at Brussels, 5 June, 1568

Egoism - Synopsis of this ethical system, and short refutation

Eguiara y Eguren, Juan José - Mexican scholar (d. 1763)

Egwin, Saint - Third bishop of Worcester, founded the Benedictine monastery of Evesham, d. 717 or 720

Egypt - Provides information on history, religion, and literature

EgyptianChurch Ordinance - An early Christian collection of thirty-one canons regulating ordinations, the liturgy, and other main features of church life

Eichendorff, Josef Karl Benedikt - Poet (1788-1857)

Eichstätt - Diocese in Bavaria, north of the Danube, and suffragan to Bamberg

Eimhin, Saint - Abbot and Bishop of Ros-mic-Truin, d. first half of the sixth century. Some believe that Eimhin is the author of the Tripartite Life of St. Patrick

Einhard - Historian, born c. 770 in the district watered by the River Main in the eastern part of the Frankish Empire; d. 14 March, 840, at Seligenstadt

Einsiedeln, Abbey of - A Benedictine monastery in the Canton of Schwyz, Switzerland, dedicated to Our Lady of the Hermits

Eisengrein, Martin - Catholic theologian and polemical writer, born of Protestant parents at Stuttgart, 28 December, 1535; died at Ingolstadt, 4 May, 1578

Eithene, Saint - Sixth-century Irish woman, visionary

Eithne, Saint - Irish princess, converted to Christianity by St. Patrick, died immediately after receiving her First Communion (433)

Ekkehard - Name of five monks of the (Swiss) Abbey of St. Gall from the tenth to the thirteenth century

Ekkehard of Aura - Benedictine monk and chronicler, b. about 1050; d. after 1125

Elaea - A titular see of Asia Minor

Elba - The largest island of the Tuscan Archipelago

Elbel, Benjamin - Bavarian moral theologian (1690-1756)

Elcesaites - A sect of Gnostic Ebionites

El Cid - Popular hero of the chivalrous age of Spain, born at Burgos c. 1040; died at Valencia, 1099. He was given the title of seid or cid (lord, chief) by the Moors and that of campeador (champion) by his admiring countrymen

Elder, George - Educator, b. 11 August, 1793, in Kentucky, U.S.A.; d. 28 Sept., 1838, at Bardstown

Elder, William Henry - Third Bishop of Natchez, Mississippi, U.S.A., and second Archbishop of Cincinnati, b. in Baltimore, Maryland, 22 March, 1819; d. in Cincinnati, 31 Oct., 1904

Eleazar - Includes information on three uses of this name

Elect - Denotes in general one chosen or taken by preference from among two or more; as a theological term it is equivalent to 'chosen as the object of mercy or Divine favour, as set apart for eternal life'

Election - In its broadest sense election means a choice among many persons, things, or sides to be taken. In the stricter juridical sense it means the choice of one person among many for a definite charge or function

Election, Papal - The method of electing the pope has varied considerably at different periods of the history of the Church. . .

Eleutherius, Pope Saint - Native of Nicopolis, served as deacon in the Roman Church, d. about 189

Eleutherius, Saint - First Bishop of Tournai, early sixth century

Eleutheropolis - A titular see in Palaestina Prima

Elevation, The - The Elevation of the Mass is a rite of comparatively recent introduction

El Greco - Spanish artist. Born in Crete, between 1545 and 1550; died at Toledo, 7 April, 1614

Elhuyar y de Suvisa, Fausto de - Mineralogist and chemist (1755-1833)

Eli - Discusses the Old Testament priest, and the New Testament father of Joseph

Elias - Old Testament prophet

Elias of Cortona - Minister General of the Friars Minor, b., it is said, at Bevilia near Assisi, c. 1180; d. at Cortona, 22 April, 1253

Elias of Jerusalem - Died 518; one of the two Catholic bishops (with Flavian of Antioch) who resisted the attempt of the Emperor Anastasius I (491-518) to abolish the Council of Chalcedon (451)

Elie de Beaumont, Jean-Baptiste-Armand-Louis-Léonce - Geologist, b. at Canon (Dép. Calvados), near Caen, France, 25 Sept., 1798; d. at Canon, 21 Sept., 1874

Eligius, Saint - Or Eloi. Bishop of Noyon-Tournai, founded several monasteries, d. 660

Elijah - Old Testament prophet

Elined, Saint - British princess, virgin, and martyr, fl. c. 490. Venerated especially in Wales

Eliseus - A Prophet of Israel

Elisha - A Prophet of Israel

Elishé - Armenian historian of the fifth century, place and date of birth unknown, d. 480

Eliud, Saint - Archbishop of Llandaff, born at Eccluis Gunniau, near Tenby, Pembrokeshire; died at Llandilo Vawr, Carmarthenshire, probably in or before 560

Elizabeth - The wife of Zachary, mother of St. John the Baptist, and relative of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Some believe that it was Elizabeth who proclaimed the Magnificat

Elizabeth Ann Seton, Saint - Biography of the founder of the Sisters of Charity in the United States

Elizabeth, Sisters of Saint - From an association established by Dorothea Klara Wolff, in connection with the sisters, Mathilde and Maria Merkert, and Franziska Werner, 1842, in Nelsse (Prussia), to tend in their own homes, without compensation, helpless sick persons who could not or would not be received into the hospitals

Elizabeth Associations - Charitable associations of women in Germany which aim for the love of Christ to minister to the bodily and spiritual sufferings of the sick poor and of neglected children

Elizabeth of Hungary, Saint - Also called St. Elizabeth of Thuringia. Biographical article on the princess, widow, Third Order Franciscan, who died in 1231

Elizabeth of Portugal, Saint - Queen, also known as St. Isabel, d. 1336

Elizabeth of Reute, Saint - Even in her childhood was called 'the good Betha.' Third Order Franciscan, d. 1420

Elizabeth of Schönau, Saint - Benedictine visionary, friend of Hildegarde of Bingen. Elizabeth died in 1165

Ellis, Philip Michael - First Vicar Apostolic of the Western District, England, subsequently Bishop of Segni, Italy, b. in 1652; d. 16 Nov., 1726

Ellwangen Abbey - The earliest Benedictine monastery established in the Duchy of Wurtemberg, situated in the Diocese of Augsburg about thirty miles north-east of the town of Stuttgart

Elohim - The common name for God

Elphege, Saint - Also called Alphege or Godwine. Hermit, abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury, martyred in 1012. Biographical article

Elphin - Suffragan of Tuam, Ireland, a see founded by St. Patrick

Elusa - A titular see of Palaestina Tertia, suffragan of Petra

Elvira, Council of - Held early in the fourth century at Elliberis, or Illiberis, in Spain, a city now in ruins not far from Granada

Ely - Ancient diocese in England

Elzéar of Sabran - Married, Third Order Franciscan, d. 1323

Emanationism - The doctrine that emanation (Lat. emanare, 'to flow from') is the mode by which all things are derived from the First Reality, or Principle

Emancipation, Ecclesiastical - In ancient Rome emancipation was a process of law by which a slave released from the control of his master, or a son liberated from the authority of his father (patria potestas), was declared legally independent. The earliest ecclesiastical employment of this process was in the freeing of slaves

Ember Days - The days at the beginning of the seasons ordered by the Church as days of fast and abstinence

Embolism - An insertion, addition, interpretation. The word has two specific uses in the language of the Church; in the prayer and in the calendar

Embroidery - In Christian worship embroidery was used from early times to ornament vestments

Emerentiana, Saint - Virgin and martyr, d. at Rome in the third century

Emery, Jacques-André - Superior of the Society of St-Sulpice during the French Revolution, b. 26 Aug., 1732, at Gex; d. at Paris, 28 April, 1811

Emesa - A titular see of Phœnicia Secunda, suffragan of Damascus, and the seat of two Uniat archdioceses, Greek Melchite and Syrian

Emigrant Aid Societies - Details of several organizations, the earliest being the Charitable Irish Society of Boston, Massachusetts, founded 17 March, 1737

Emiliana and Trasilla, Saints - Aunts of St. Gregory the Great, virgins in the sixth century

Emiliani, Saint Jerome - Soldier, priest, founder of the Order of Somascha, d. 1537

Emmanuel - Signifies 'God with us' (Matthew 1:23), and is the name of the child predicted in Isaias 7:14: 'Behold a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and his name shall be called Emmanuel'

Emmaus - A titular see in Pa1æstina Prima, suffragan of Cæsarea

Emmeram, Saint - Late seventh-century missionary to Bavaria, where he was martyred

Emmeram, Saint, Abbey of - A Benedictine monastery at Ratisbon (Regensburg), named after its traditional founder, the patron saint of the city

Emmerich, Anne Catherine - An Augustinian nun, stigmatic, and ecstatic, born 8 September, 1774, at Flamsche, near Coesfeld, in the Diocese of Munster, Westphalia, Germany; died at Dulmen, 9 February, 1824

Empiricism - Primarily, and in its psychological application, the term signifies the theory that the phenomena of consciousness are simply the product of sensuous experience, i.e. of sensations variously associated and arranged

Ems, Congress of - A meeting of the representatives of the German Archbishops Friedrich Karl von Erthal of Mainz, Maximilian Franz of Cologne, Clemens Wenceslaus of Trier, and Hieronymus von Colloredo of Salzburg, at the little town of Bad-Ems, near Coblenz, in August, 1786, for the purpose of protesting against papal interference in the exercise of episcopal powers and fixing the future relations between these archbishops and the Roman pontiff

Emser, Hieronymus - The most ardent literary opponent of Luther, born of a prominent family at Ulm, 20 March, 1477; died 8 Nov., 1527 at Dresden

Encina, Juan de la - Biographical article commenting on his musical and writing abilities and his priestly positions

Enciso, Diego Ximenez de - Dramatic poet, b. in Andalusia, Spain, c. 1585; date of death unknown

Enciso, Martín Fernández de - Navigator and geographer, b. at Seville, Spain, c. 1470; d. probably about 1528 at Seville

Encolpion - The name given in early Christian times to a species of reliquary worn round the neck, in which were enclosed relics

Encratites - Literally, 'abstainers' or 'persons who practised continency', because they refrained from the use of wine, animal food, and marriage

Encyclical - According to its etymology, an encyclical is nothing more than a circular letter. In modern times, usage has confined the term almost exclusively to certain papal documents which differ in their technical form from the ordinary style of either Bulls or Briefs, and which in their superscription are explicitly addressed to the patriarchs, primates, archbishops, and bishops of the UniversalChurch in communion with the Apostolic See

Encyclopedia - An abridgment of human knowledge in general or a considerable department thereof, treated from a uniform point of view or in a systematized summary