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United States of America
Preliminary draft proposals for WRC-2000
Attached are the preliminary draft proposals of the United States concerning the 2000 World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-2000). These draft proposals reflect deliberations in the United States as of 4 May 1999 and will be kept up to date as the our preparatory process continues.
The United States intends to take into account comments and views expressed by other administrations as progress in proposal development continues.
This document presents our preliminary draft proposals. Each of the individual proposals has been annotated, in the individual agenda title, to indicate the date of its last revision.
Table of Contents
Proposals for Agenda Item 1.2......
to finalize remaining issues in the review of Appendix S3 to the Radio Regulations with respect to spurious emissions for space services, taking into account Recommendation 66 (Rev.WRC97) and the decisions of WRC-97 on adoption of new values, due to take effect at a future time, of spurious emissions for space services (20March99)
Proposals for Agenda Item 1.8......
to consider regulatory and technical provisions to enable earth stations located on board vessels to operate in the fixed-satellite service (FSS) networks in the bands 3700 - 4200MHz and 5925 - 6425MHz, including their coordination with other services allocated in these bands (20March99)
Proposals for Agenda Item 1.9......
to take into account the results of ITU-R studies in evaluating the feasibility of an allocation in the space-to-Earth direction to the mobile-satellite service in a portion of the 1559-1567MHz frequency range, in response to Resolutions 213 and 220 (WRC-97) (20March99)
Proposals for Agenda Item 1.11......
to consider constraints on existing allocations and to consider additional allocations on a worldwide basis for the non-GSO/MSS below 1 GHz, taking account the results of ITU studies conducted in response to Res. 214 (Rev. WRC-97) and 219 (WRC-97); (20March99)
Proposals for Agenda Item 1.12......
to consider progress of studies on sharing between feederlinks of non-geostationary satellite networks in the mobile satellite service and geostationary-satellite networks in the fixed satellite service in the bands 19.3-19.7 GHz and 29.1-29.5 GHz, taking into account Resolution 121 (Rev.WRC97) (20March99)
Proposals for Agenda Item 1.13......
on the basis of results of the studies in accordance with Resolutions 130(WRC97), 131(WRC-97), and 538(WRC-97); (16April99)
Proposals for Agenda Item 1.15.2......
to consider the addition of the space-to-space direction to the radionavigation-satellite service allocations in the bands 1 215 -1 260 and 1 559 - 1610MHz
Proposals for Agenda Item 1.16......
to consider allocations of frequency bands above 71 GHz to the earth-exploration satellite (passive) and radio astronomy services, taking into account Resolution 723; (20March99)
Proposals for Agenda Item 1.16......
to consider allocations of frequency bands above 71 GHz to the earth-exploration satellite (passive) and radio astronomy services, taking into account Resolution 723; (20March99)
Analysis of Passive Services 71 – 275 Proposal......
Proposals for Agenda Item 1.17......
to consider possible worldwide allocation for the earth exploration-satellite (passive) and space research (passive) service in the band 18.6 - 18.8 GHz, taking into account the results of the ITU-R studies (20March99)
Proposals for Agenda Item 1.20......
to consider the issues related to the application of Nos. S9.8, S9.9 and S9.17 and the corresponding parts of Appendix S5 with respect to Appendices S30 and S30A, with a view to possible deletion of Articles 6 and 7 of Appendices S30 and S30A, also taking into consideration Recommendation 35 (WRC-95); (16April99)
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Proposals for Agenda Item 1.2
to finalize remaining issues in the review of Appendix S3 to the Radio Regulations with respect to spurious emissions for space services, taking into account Recommendation 66 (Rev.WRC97) and the decisions of WRC-97 on adoption of new values, due to take effect at a future time, of spurious emissions for space services (20March99)
Background Information: Recommendation No. 66 (Rev. WRC–97) directs the ITU-R to submit a report to WRC-2000 with a view to finalizing the space services spurious emissions limits in Appendix S3 of the Radio Regulations. The United States proposes text that would remove the “design objectives” designation from the space services spurious emissions limits and make related appropriate modifications applicable to deep-space systems, satellites with spurious emissions falling within the necessary bandwidth of another transmitter on the same satellite, and amateur earth stations below 30MHz. Also the United States proposes to adequately recognize the case of very narrowband and unmodulated signals, particularly for the space services. Furthermore, the United States proposes to correct an oversight in Appendix S3 regarding limits for the radiodetermination service, and specify that spurious emission levels for radar systems be determined from radiated emissions.
Proposals:
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APPENDIX S3
Table of Maximum Permitted Spurious
Emission Power Levels
(See Article S3)
APS3
1.The following sections indicate the maximum permitted levels of spurious emissions, in terms of power as indicated in the tables, of any spurious component supplied by a transmitter to the antenna transmission line. Section 1 is applicable until 1January 2012 to transmitters installed on or before 1January2003; Section 2 is applicable to transmitters installed after 1 January 2003 and to all transmitters after 1 January 2012. This Appendix does not cover out-of-band emissions. Out-of-band emissions are dealt with in No. S4.5 of the Radio Regulations.
2.Spurious emission from any part of the installation, other than the antenna and its transmission line, shall not have an effect greater than would occur if this antenna system were supplied with the maximum permitted power at that spurious emission frequency.
3.These levels shall not, however, apply to emergency position-indicating radiobeacon (EPIRB) stations, emergency locator transmitters, ships' emergency transmitters, lifeboat transmitters, survival craft stations or maritime transmitters when used in emergency situations.
4.For technical or operational reasons, more stringent levels than those specified may be applied to protect specific services in certain frequency bands. The levels applied to protect these services, such as safety and passive services, shall be those agreed upon by the appropriate world radiocommunication conference. More stringent levels may also be fixed by specific agreement between the administrations concerned. Additionally, special consideration of transmitter spurious emissions may be required for the protection of safety services, radio astronomy and space services using passive sensors. Information on the levels of interference detrimental to radio astronomy, Earth exploration satellites and meteorological passive sensing is given in the most recent version of Recommendation ITU-RSM.329.
5.Spurious emission limits for combined radiocommunication and information technology equipment are those for the radiocommunication transmitters.
Section I.Spurious Emission Limits for Transmitters Installed on
or Before 1January 2003 (valid until 1 January 2012
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6. Radar systems are exempt from spurious emission limits under this section.The measurement methods for radar systems should be guided by RecommendationITU-R M.1177. For those radar systems for which acceptable methods of measurement do not exist, the lowest practicable power of spurious emission should be achieved.
TABLE I
Attenuation values and absolute mean power levels used to calculate maximum
permitted spurious emission power levels for use with radio equipment
(lower limit exclusive,
upper limit inclusive) / For any spurious component, the attenuation (mean power within the necessary bandwidth relative to the mean power of the spurious component concerned) shall be at least that specified below and the absolute mean power levels given shall not be exceeded
(Note 1)
9 kHz to 30MHz / 40 decibels
50 milliwatts
2), 3), 4)
30MHz to 235MHz
–mean power above 25 watts / 60 decibels
1 milliwatts
5)
– mean power 25 watts or less / 40 decibels
25 microwatts
235 MHz to 960 MHz
– mean power above 25 watts / 60 decibels
20 milliwatts
6), 7)
– mean power 25 watts or less / 40 decibels
25 microwatts
6), 7)
960 MHz to 17.7 GHz
– mean power above 10 watts / 50 decibels
100 milliwatts
6), 7), 8), 9)
– mean power 10 watts or less / 100 microwatts
6), 7), 8), 9)
Above 17.7 GHz / The lowest possible values achievable shall be employed (see Recommendation 66 (Rev.WRC-97)).
Notes to Table I
1)When checking compliance with the provisions of the table, it shall be verified that the bandwidth of the measuring equipment is sufficiently wide to accept all significant components of the spurious emission concerned.
2)For mobile transmitters which operate below 30MHz, any spurious component shall have an attenuation of at least 40 decibels without exceeding the value of 200 milliwatts, but every effort should be made to comply with the level of 50 milliwatts wherever practicable.
3)For transmitters of a mean power exceeding 50 kilowatts which can operate on two or more frequencies covering a frequency range approaching an octave or more, while a reduction below 50 milliwatts is not mandatory, a minimum attenuation of 60 decibels shall be provided.
4)For hand-portable equipment of mean power less than 5watts, the attenuation shall be 30 decibels, but every practicable effort should be made to attain 40 decibels attenuation.
5)Administrations may adopt a level of 10 milliwatts provided that harmful interference is not caused.
6)Where several transmitters feed a common antenna or closely spaced antennas on neighbouring frequencies, every practicable effort should be made to comply with the levels specified.
7)Since these levels may not provide adequate protection for receiving stations in the radio astronomy and space services, more stringent levels might be considered in each individual case in the light of the geographical position of the stations concerned.
8)These levels are not applicable to systems using digital modulation techniques, but may be used as a guide. Values for these systems may be provided by the relevant ITU-R Recommendations, when available (see Recommendation 66 (Rev.WRC97)).
9)These levels are not applicable to stations in the space services, but the levels of their spurious emissions should be reduced to the lowest possible values compatible with the technical and economic constraints to which the equipment is subject. Values for these systems may be provided by the relevant ITU-R Recommendations, when available (see Recommendation 66 Rev.WRC-97)).
Section II.Spurious Emission Limits for Transmitters
Installed After 1January 2003 and for All
Transmitters After 1 January 2012
Application of these limits
7.The frequency range of the measurement of spurious emissions is from 9kHz to 110 GHz or the second harmonic if higher.
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8.Guidance regarding the methods of measuring spurious emissions is given in the most recent version of Recommendation ITU-R SM.329. The e.i.r.p. method specified in that Recommendation should be used when it is not possible to measure the power supplied to the antenna transmission line, or where it is more appropriate, due to the antenna signal attenuation characteristics. Additionally, the e.i.r.p. method may need some modification for special cases, e.g. beam-forming radars.
9.Guidance regarding the methods of measuring spurious emissions from radar systems is given in the most recent version of Recommendation ITU-R M.1177. The reference bandwidths required for proper measurement of radar spurious emissions should be calculated for each particular radar system. Thus, for the three general types of radar pulse modulation utilized for radionavigation, radiolocation, acquisition, tracking and other radiodetermination functions, the reference bandwidth values should be:
–for fixed-frequency, non-pulse-coded radar, one divided by the radar pulse length, in seconds (e.g. if the radar pulse length is 1microsecond, then the reference bandwidth is 1/1s=1MHz);
–for fixed-frequency, phase coded pulsed radar, one divided bythephase chip length, in seconds (e.g. if the phase codedchipis 2microseconds long, then the reference bandwidth is 1/2s=500kHz);
–for frequency modulated (FM) or chirped radar, the square root of the quantity obtained by dividing the radar bandwidth in MHz by the pulse length, in seconds (e.g. if the FM is from 1250 to 1280MHz or 30MHz during the pulse of 10 microseconds, then the reference bandwidth is (30MHz/10s)1/2 = 1.73MHz).
For those radar systems for which acceptable methods of measurement do not exist, the lowest practicable power of spurious emission should be achieved.
10.The spurious emission levels are specified in the following reference bandwidths:
–1 kHz between 9 kHz and 150 kHz
–10 kHz between 150 kHz and 30MHz
–100 kHz between 30MHz and 1 GHz
–1MHz above 1 GHz
As a special case, the reference bandwidth of all space service spurious emissions should be 4kHz.
11.For the purpose of setting limits, all emissions, including harmonic emissions, intermodulation products, frequency conversion products and parasitic emissions, which fall at frequencies separated from the centre frequency of the emission by 250%, or more, of the necessary bandwidth of the emission will generally be considered as spurious emissions. However, this frequency separation may be dependent on the type of modulation used, the maximum bit rate in the case of digital modulation, the type of transmitter and frequency coordination factors. For example, in the case of digital (including digital broadcasting) modulation systems, broadband systems, pulsed modulation systems and narrow-band high power transmitters, the frequency separation may need to differ from the ±250% factor. For multichannel or multicarrier transmitters/transponders, where several carriers may be transmitted simultaneously from a final output amplifier or an active antenna, the centre frequency of the emission is taken to be the centre of the –3dB bandwidth of the transmitter or transponder and the necessary bandwidth is taken to be the transmitter or transponder bandwidth.
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11 bis. As an emitted signal becomes more and more narrow (to the limiting case of an unmodulated carrier with theoretical necessary bandwidth of zero), the application of the term “necessary bandwidth” as used in determining the region where spurious emission limits apply to space services, becomes more and more difficult. In the limit, +/-250% of necessary bandwidth (generally recognised as establishing the region beyond which spurious emissions are defined), approaches zero. Beacon and other unmodulated signals, such as those used in uplink and downlink circuits in control and tracking of satellites, are examples of a case where it is difficult to practically apply the term “necessary bandwidth” in determining where out-of-band emissions end, and spurious emissions begin. Pending further studies and definitive action by a future World Radiocommunication Conference, in calculating the region where spurious emission limits apply for transmitters using amplifiers to pass essentially an unmodulated signal (or a signal with very small bandwidth), the amplifier bandwidth is taken to be the necessary bandwidth (in calculating the regions where spurious emissions apply.
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11 ter For satellites employing more than one transponder, and when considering the limits for spurious emission as indicated by Headnote 11 to Appendix S3, spurious emissions from one transponder may fall on a frequency at which a companion, second transponder is transmitting. In this situation, the level of spurious emission from the first transponder is well exceeded by fundamental emissions of the second transponder. Therefore, limits in this appendix do not apply to those spurious emissions on a satellite which fall within the bands where there are transmissions from the same satellite into the same service area.
12.Examples of applying 43 + 10 log (P) to calculate attenuation requirements
Where specified in relation to mean power, spurious emissions are to be at least xdB below the total mean power P, i.e. –x dBc. The power P (in watts) is to be measured in a bandwidth wide enough to include the total mean power. The spurious emissions are to be measured in the reference bandwidths given in the Recommendation. The measurement of the spurious emission power is independent of the value of necessary bandwidth. Because the absolute emission power limit, derived from 43 + 10 log (P), can become too stringent for high-power transmitters, alternative relative powers are also provided in TableII.
Example 1
A land mobile transmitter, with any value of necessary bandwidth, must meet a spurious emission attenuation of 43 + 10 log (P), or 70dBc, whichever is less stringent. To measure spurious emissions in the frequency range between 30MHz and 1000MHz, Recommendation ITU-R SM.329-7 recommends 4.1 indicates the use of a reference bandwidth of 100kHz. For other frequency ranges, the measurement must use the appropriate reference bandwidths given in recommends 4.1.
With a measured total mean power of 10watts:
–Attenuation relative to total mean power = 43 + 10 log (10) = 53dBc.
–The 53dBc is less stringent than 70dBc, so the 53dBc value is used.
–Therefore: Spurious emissions must not exceed 53dBc in a 100kHz bandwidth, or converting to an absolute level, spurious emissions must not exceed 10dBW – 53dBc = –43dBW in a 100kHz reference bandwidth.
With a measured total mean power of 1000 watts:
–Attenuation relative to total mean power = 43 + 10 log (1000) = 73 dBc.
–The 73dBc is more stringent than 70dBc limit, so the 70dBc value is used.
–Therefore: Spurious emissions must not exceed 70dBc in a 100kHz bandwidth, or converting to an absolute level, spurious emissions must not exceed 30dBW – 70dBc = –40dBW in a 100kHz reference bandwidth.
Example 2
A space service transmitter with any value of necessary bandwidth must meet a spurious emission attenuation of 43 + 10 log (P), or 60dBc, whichever is less stringent. To measure spurious emissions at any frequency, Note 1 to TableII indicates using a reference bandwidth of 4kHz.
With a measured total mean power of 20watts:
–Attenuation relative to total mean power = 43 + 10 log (20) = 56dBc.
–The 56dBc is less stringent than the 60dBc limit, so the 56dBc value is used.
–Therefore: Spurious emissions must not exceed 56dBc in a 4kHz reference bandwidth, or converting to an absolute level, spurious emissions must not exceed 13dBW – 56dBc = –43dBW in a 4kHz reference bandwidth.
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TABLE II
Attenuation values used to calculate maximum permitted spurious emission
power levels for use with radio equipment
accordance with Article S1, or equipment type15) / Attenuation (dB) below the power
supplied to the antenna transmission line
All services except those services quoted below: / 43 + 10 log (P), or 70 dBc, whichever is less stringent
Space services (earth stations)
10), 14), 16 / 43 + 10 log (P), or 60 dBc, whichever is less stringent
Space services (space stations)
10), 14), 17) / 43 + 10 log (P), or 60 dBc, whichever is less stringent
Radiodetermination 14) / 43 + 10 log (PEP), or 60 dB, whichever is less stringent
Broadcast television11) / 46 + 10 log (P), or 60 dBc, whichever is less stringent, without exceeding the absolute mean power level of 1 mW for VHF stations or 12mW for UHF stations. However, greater attenuation may be necessary on a case by case basis.
Broadcast FM / 46 + 10 log (P), or 70 dBc, whichever is less stringent; the absolute mean power level of 1mW should not be exceeded
Broadcasting at MF/HF / 50 dBc; the absolute mean power level of 50mW should not be exceeded
SSB from mobile stations12) / 43 dB below PEP
Amateur services operating below 30 MHz (including with SSB)12), 16) / 43 + 10 log (PEP), or 50 dB, whichever is less stringent
TABLE II (end)