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Muscular – Skeletal System Study Guide
Know and write the definitions of the following terms:
3 functions of muscles- movement, maintaining body temp., maintaining posture
smooth muscle-involuntary movement, what the stomach is made up of. Found inside lungs, stomach, & intestines
skeletal muscles- controls the blinking of your eyes- voluntary movement, attached to your sketeton
cardiac muscle- found in the heart
tendons-connects skeletal muscles to the bone
voluntary- another name for skeletal muscle – is controlled by you.
involuntary- another name for smooth. We do not have control of it.
functions of skeletal system- serve as anchor for all of the body’s movement, provides support, and protects soft organs inside the body.
compact bone- hard tissue and surrounds the soft spongy bone.
spongy bone - strong tissue but light weight
marrow - what blood cells are made up of, fills up space in spongy bone
joint - where bones meet
what are bones made of?
Hard material, soft material, and living tissue
Ligaments- tissues that hold the bones together at moveable joints
growth plates - where bones growth occurs- made of cartilage and connective tissue
humerous bone-the upper arm bone
patella bone – A bone in the knee that guards the kneecap
number of bones in foot and ankle
26 bones
Know the function and main skeletal parts of:
axial skeleton - includes the skull and the spinal column – provides support and protection
appendicular skeleton - allows movement, legs, arms, hips, wrists, and hands
Know how bones change through:
Infancy- skull is made up of several bones with spaces between them. As the brain grows the skull grows and the spaces close up.
Childhood - bones grow at the growth plate
Adolescence - bones stop growing. Growth plate is the last part of the bone to become hard and arms and legs stop growing.
Adulthood - bones go through cycles. Old bones are broken down and new bones form. The older you get the less dense bones are.
8 types of joints:
Fibrous -little to no movement found in the skull
cartilaginous -moveable in childhood, fixed when adult- found in spinal column
plane - found where bones are flat, hands
ball & socket-found in the shoulders and hips
hinge -found in the elbow and knee- move back and fourth
pivot- found in the neck and where the radius and ulna meet, below the elbows
saddle- where the thumb meets the palm
condyloid - occur between fingers