CITING SOURCES
Citations of electronic sources and those of print sources should accomplish the same ends and have analogous formats. Both types identify a source and give sufficient information to allow a reader to locate it.
Print culture has developed standard reference tools (library catalogs, bibliographies, and so on) for locating published works.
Electronic media are more difficult to organize because electronic texts are not as fixed and stable as their print counterparts. References to electronic works therefore must provide more information than print citations.
Print Sources
The basic entry for a print source has several divisions and each division is followed by a period:
1 2
Author’s Last Name, First Name. (If there is one, next author’s First then Last Name.) “Article Title.”
3 4 5
Title of the Book. Publishing Place:Publishing Co.,Copyright Date. Page Numbers.
1 2 3 4
Freedman, Richard R. and James L. Mason-Jones. “The History of Modern Trade Unions.” What Do Unions Do?New York:
4 5
Basic,1984. 92-6.
Electronic Sources
The basic entry for an electronic source may have many divisions,each division followed by a period. Underline the name of the print version (if included) and the website:
1 2 3
Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of the Article.” (Information about print version of publication if available.)
4 5 6 7
Website Title. Date Posted Online. Publisher of Website. Date Accessedat <Internet Address> .
1 2 4 56 7
Zeki, Semir. “Artistic Creativity and the Brain.” Science Magazine. 2002. Amer. Assn. for the Advancement of Science. 24
7
Sept.2002 <
Reminders for Works Cited page:
1. Use one-inch margins on all four sides of the page.
2. Double space everything between title (Works Cited) and first entry, between lines of entries, between entries.
3. Alphabetize the list of works by first author’s last name or by title if there is no author; do not number them.
4. Follow the MLA punctuation and spacing exactly (see sample page).
5. Indent each line after the first line six letters (1/2 inch); it makes alphabetized entries easier for a reader to find.
6. Underline titles (instead of italicizing) because it makes punctuation and fonts clearer for readers and editors, especially
when submitted electronically..
7. Useonly one space after punctuations marks: periods, commas, colons, semi-colons, question marks, exclamation marks.
8. If an internet URL is too long to fit on a line, divide it after a period or slash but do not add a hyphen or other punctuation.
9. Check the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers: Sixth Edition if you have questions about an entry. The library
and EHS English teachers all have copies.
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Jones 7
Works Cited
Achenbach, Joel. “America’s River.” Washington Post. 5 May 2002. 20 May 2002 <
wp-dyn/articles/A13425-2202May1.html>. (newspaper 222)
Ackroyd, Peter. Interview. Bold Type. Nov. 2001. 25 June 2002 < 1101/ackroyd/
interview.html/>. (interview 232)
Chang, Kenneth. “The Melting (Freezing) of Antarctica.” New York Times2 Apr. 2002, late ed.: F1+. (daily newspaper 186)
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor. “Dejection: An Ode.” The Complete Poetical Works of Samuel Taylor Coleridge.Ed. Ernest
Hartley Coleridge. Vol.1. Oxford: Clarendon, 1912. 362-68. English Poetry Full-Text Database.CD-ROM. Rel. 2.
Cambridge, Eng.: Chadwyck-Healey, 1993. (CD-Rom 227)
“City Profile: San Francisco.” CNN.com. 2002. Cable News Network. 14 May 2002 <
atevo/city/SanFrancisco/intro.html>. (basic entry for internet document 214)
“Frederick Douglass.” Civil War Journal. Narr. Danny Glover. Dir. Craig Haffner. Arts and Entertainment Network.6 Apr.1993.
(TV or radio program 194)
Gordimer, Nadine. Interview. New York Times10 Oct. 1991, late ed.: C25. (interview 203)
Hawthorne, Nathaniel. “Dr. Heidegger’s Experiment.” Adventures in American Literature. Ed. Francis Hodgins et al.
San Diego: HBJ, 1989. 249-254. (short work in a print anthology, textbook)
Jhabvala, Ruth Prawer, adapt. A Room with a View. By E. M. Forster. Dir. James Ivory. Prod. Ismail Merchant.Perf.
Maggie Smith, Denholm Eliot, Helena Bonham Carter, and Daniel Day-Lewis. Cinecom Intl. Films, 1985. (film 198)
Marsalis, Branford. Creation. Orpheus Chamber Orch. Sony, 2001. (sound recording196)
Sohmer, Steve. “12 June 1599: Opening Day at Shakespeare’s Globe.” Early Modern Literary Studies 3.1 (1997): 46 pars. 26
June 2002 < (article in scholarly journal 222)
Stowe, Harriet Beecher. “Sojourner Truth, the Libyan Sibyl.” Atlantic Monthly Apr. 1863: 473:81.Electronic TextCenter.
Ed. David Seaman. 2002. Alderman Lib., U of Virginia. 19 June 2002<
public/StoSojo.html>. (electronic document with print copy information 214)
“This Day in Technology History: August 20.” History Channel.com. 2002. History Channel. 14 May 2002
< Path: Technology History; This Day in Technology History. (electronic document with path 214)
Weintraub, Arlene, and Laura Cohen. “A Thousand-Year Plan for Nuclear Waste.” Business Week 6 May 2002: 94-96.
(magazine article 187)
Youakim, Sami. “Work-Related Asthma.” American Family Physician 64 (2001): 1839-52. HealthReferenceCenter.
Gale. BergenCounty Cooperative Lib. System, NJ. 12 Jan. 2002. <
(library subscription service 230)
(Note: Entries above are from MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers: Sixth Edition, listed on pages indicated.) 11/30/07