DATASHEET FOR CABI INVASIVE SPECIES COMPENDIUM

DRAFT GENERIC INVASIVE SPECIES TEMPLATE

[LC Revised 19/06/07]

Templates for the different organism types will be designed to provide more guidance to authors. This template shows the full range of data elements that are outlined in the ISC Blueprint and is being circulated for comment.

This form should be completed electronically, but please save the text sections followed by all references (for text and tables) in a separate file. A checklist of the text sections and suggested subheadings is repeated at the end of this form. See Instructions to Authors for further information. Please note that we hope to include a number of case studies to illustrate location-specific information, on impact and management for example. If you feel you have more details than seem appropriate for a particular section of this datasheet, we would be pleased to hear from you - please see the note on Case Studies at the end of this document.

The template is divided into 6 sections:

1. Identity, 2. Distribution, 3. Biology and Ecology, 4. Impacts, 5. Management, 6. Further information.

The Compendium is intended for worldwide use, please consider this when writing datasheets.

1. IDENTITY SECTION

SPECIES (or group) SCIENTIFIC NAME

/ AUTHOR (taxonomic authority, date)

Taxonomic groups (irrelevant groups may be left blank).

CLASS: / SUPERFAMILY:
ORDER: / FAMILY:
SUBORDER: / SUBFAMILY:

NON-PREFERRED SCIENTIFIC NAMES

/ AUTHOR (taxonomic authority)

OTHER NAMES

Specify internationally used common names in one of the six International Languages accepted by the UN: Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian or Spanish. For other common names, specify country/region in which used with the language in parentheses. Only include common names actually in use in the original language (do not translate here), and transliterate names from non-Roman alphabets (e.g. Chinese, Cyrillic). Please add extra rows, the names are useful for searching. Asterisk (*) the most globally recognized common name.

INTERNATIONALLY USED COMMON NAME/S
/
INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE
OTHER COMMON NAMES
/
COUNTRY (add language if necessary)
(use defined areas listed under ‘Distribution’)


NOTES ON TAXONOMY AND NOMENCLATURE (text section)

Include nomenclatural history, noting any recent taxonomic revisions, related species and races, cultivars, hybrids and varieties, etc. Include here English translations of common names and their origin if of interest.

SUMMARY OF INVASIVENESS (text section; guide max. 150 words)

Please provide a brief description of the species and summarize why it is considered to be invasive, where it occurs and when it was first recorded as invasive, please also provide details of the characteristics that indicate its invasiveness, e.g. ease of spread, establishment and impacts. State whether the species is on an alert list (e.g. IUCN, ISSG) or listed as a regulated pest etc. Consider only major introductions of ecological or economic importance.

2. DISTRIBUTION SECTION

DISTRIBUTION (table, see next page)

The Current Distribution is essential for geographic searches, please complete as fully as possible and provide references for all records, either published references or national collection data. Please enter 1 reference per row, completing each column according to the information in that source.

Where present, please state whether “invasive” using the following definition for guidance:

Invasive (alien) species: an (alien) species whose establishment and spread threaten ecosystems, habitats or species with economic or environmental harm.”

McNeely JA, Mooney HA, Neville LE, Schei PJ, Waage JK, eds, 2001. Global Strategy on Invasive Alien Species. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. A species may be recorded as invasive in its native range.

Please note that we are interested in compiling geospatial (point distribution data) for a sample of species. If you have this type of data, please contact the Compendium Editor for further details.

DISTRIBUTION TABLE

Current Distribution: (P) present, no further details; (W) widespread; (L) localized; (O) present, few occurrences; (C) present only in captivity/cultivation; (G) present, only under cover/indoors
(D) reported in the past, but no longer present; (E) eradicated; (I) absent, intercepted only; (J) invalid record (recorded in error); (K) unreliable record
Country/Region / Reference
Include citation (author/s, date), ensuring that full bibliographic details are in the reference list / Current distribution
(See codes above; also include year of last report) / (N)ative / (E)xotic
(also year of first introduction if known) / Cultivated/
domesticated/
in captivity
(P)resent
(W)idespread
(L)ocalized / Invasive?
Y(es)
N(o)
? (not known) / Note
e.g. locality, particularly list islands
Example country1 / Smith et al., 2006 / W / E 1800 / P / Y / First recorded in area x in 1970
Example country1 / Jones, 2002 / P / ?
Example country1 / Charles, 1998 / P / P / ? / Grown as an ornamental along the coast
Example country 2 / Dewson & Molly, 2005 / E 2002 / E / Eradicated from small area of infestation around port
SEA AREAS
ATLANTIC, NORTHWEST
ATLANTIC, NORTHEAST
ATLANTIC, WESTERN CENTRAL
ATLANTIC, EASTERN CENTRAL
MEDITERRANEAN AND BLACK SEA
ATLANTIC, SOUTHWEST
TABLE TRUNCATED…
ASIA
AFGHANISTAN
ARMENIA
AZERBAIJAN
BAHRAIN
BANGLADESH
BHUTAN
BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
CAMBODIA
CHAGOS ARCHIPELAGO
CHRISTMAS ISLAND
COCOS (KEELING) IS
CHINA*
Anhui
Chongqing
TABLE TRUNCATED….

DISTRIBUTION – FURTHER INFORMATION (text section)

Provide further/summary information on native and exotic distribution and any disagreements between sources. Include the area of origin if known.

HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION (table)

Enter details of human-mediated introductions to new countries or provinces in the table below. Include deliberate and accidental introductions but note which applies in the Comment field if not otherwise clear.

Introduced to
country; use defined areas listed under ‘Distribution’ / Introduced from
country; use defined areas listed under ‘Distribution’ /

Year or range

/ Reason
please choose from list under Means of Movement and Dispersal: Causes / Established/
naturalized
(yes, no, unknown) / Comment / Reference
please write (name, date) citation here and include full bibliographic details in reference list

HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION / SPREAD (text section)

Please provide further historical notes on introduction, routes and spread with dates and references as far as possible e.g. “plant X was planted as a living hedge in its native Australia in the 1800s and was introduced to South Africa in 1879 for this purpose. It escaped around 1900...., then spread to Namibia in the 1930s aided by cattle movements where it is now considered an invasive species....(Smith et al., 2002).”

PHYTOSANITARY RISK / RISK OF INTRODUCTION (text section)

Please discuss the potential for further spread including the risks associated with identified pathways for accidental introduction of the organism to new areas. Also discuss the likelihood of deliberate introductions associated with any intended uses (e.g. biological control agent, ornamental, etc.; see Uses section) and possible pathways (e.g. mail order). Indicate whether and in which regions the organism is already listed as a quarantine pest.


3. BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY SECTION

DESCRIPTION (text section)

Give a generalized description followed by morphological details of each stage of the life cycle. Include measurements where known. Information on the type species is useful. Give sources of detailed descriptions.

[Include the PLANT TYPE table for plants only. Any other “types” needed?]

SIMILARITIES TO OTHER SPECIES / CONDITIONS (text section)

Describe other species, subspecies, varieties or forms with which the organism could be confused in the field. Please indicate how they may be distinguished.

NOTES ON HABITAT (text section)

Include any information on major regional or country variations in habitats affected, citing important references. Attempt to avoid replicating information that is requested in other sections (e.g. in Biology and Ecology, Impact).

Please complete the Habitat Table on the next page, selecting the habitat types in which this species is currently found.

HABITAT TABLE

Please indicate, presence as (X) present, no further details; (1) principal habitat/s; or (2) secondary/tolerated habitat/s, and status – as (N) natural; (P) productive/non-natural; and/or (H) harmful (pest or invasive). If uncertain about inclusion of a chosen habitat in the classification below, add to the ‘Additional’ spaces below.

Present
X/1/ 2 / Status
N/P/ H / Present
X/1/ 2 / Status
N/P/ H
Terrestrial
- Managed / Cultivated / agricultural land / Freshwater / Irrigation channels
Protected agriculture (e.g. glasshouse production) / Lakes
Plantation crops / Reservoirs
Managed grasslands (grazing systems) / Rivers/streams
Industrial / intensive livestock production systems / Ponds
Disturbed areas / Brackish / Estuaries
Rail/roadsides / Lagoons
Urban areas / Inland saline areas
Buildings / Marine / Inshore marine
Terrestrial
- Natural / Semi-natural / Natural forests / Coral reefs
Natural grasslands / Pelagic zone (offshore)
Riverbanks / Benthic zone
Wetlands / Sea caves
Cold lands / tundra / Other / Host
Land caves / Vector
Rocky areas / lava flows / Stored products
Scrub / shrublands / Soil
Deserts / Ice
Arid regions / Additional / Please specify
Littoral / Coastal areas
Coastal dunes
Mangroves
Mud flats
Intertidal zone
Salt marshes


HOSTS

[The following table is for crop pests, different tables are available for animal diseasese etc.]

If appropriate, please indicate the taxonomic groups of crops or other plants (e.g. 'Brassica spp.', 'palms', 'Gramineae') that are affected by this weed. Where possible, please give individual species: for example, Brassica napus, Brassica oleracea in the first column. In the three ‘host’ columns, please tick boxes to indicate whether each is a crop (main or other) or wild plant species. Where known, please rank plants affected in order of importance. Continue on a separate sheet if required.

HOST / MAIN CROP AFFECTED
(main crop on which pest causes damage) / OTHER CROPS AFFCETED / SIGNIFICANT WILD PLANTS AFFECTED

If relevant, please tick one or more crop/plant growth stage(s) that are most affected by the pest.

PRE-EMERGENCE / VEGETATIVE GROWTH STAGE / FRUITING STAGE
SEEDLING STAGE / FLOWERING STAGE / POST-HARVEST

NOTES ON HOSTS (text section)

Include additional information not covered by the listing(s) above. Cite important references here (rather than in above list). Describe aspects of particular hosts that predispose them to pest attack or disease: for example, environmental (climatic) susceptibilities. Indicate any breed/variety disposition and factors associated with husbandry systems/cultural methods.

[Include SYMPTOMS and SIGNS tables and text sections from CPC/AHPC/AC for pests and diseases]

SYMPTOMS - DESCRIPTION (text section)

Please supply further information to describe symptoms (e.g. how symptoms vary on different trees). Is infection latent?

BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY (text section)

Recommended subheadings include:

Genetics: e.g. chromosome number, genetic variation and hybridisation.

Reproductive biology: describe the life cycle and reproductive strategy, fecundity, cues and periods of development with relation to environmental factors.

Physiology and phenology: e.g. survival strategies, evidence for adaptability and phenological variation. Note differences observed between the native and exotic ranges.

Nutrition: (do not repeat information given under Hosts; this section is not needed for plants)

Associations: describe here any floral and faunal associations that are outside the above such as symbionts and include here any information on ecological succession - natural enemies, hosts and vectors of pests and diseases and threatened species are handled separately..

Environmental requirements: Please add any information to this text section that is not covered in the climate and soil and water tables below e.g. physiogeography (altitude, aspect, other site conditions) and notes on occurrence at extremes of its range. Please complete the following Environmental Requirements Tables on the next pages, where applicable to the organism.


ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS TABLES

Climate tolerances table (please refer to supplied map)

Climate (modified Köppen classification of major climatic regions) / Preferred
Tick / Tolerated
Tick
A. Equatorial climates
Af Equatorial full humid rainforest
Am Equatorial monsoon
As Equatorial savannah with dry summer
Aw Equatorial savannah with dry winter
B. Arid climates
BS Steppe
BW Desert climate
C. Warm temperate climates
Cs Warm temperate climates with dry summer
Cw Warm temperate climate with dry winter
Cf Warm temperate fully humid climate
D. Snow climates
Ds Snow climate with dry summer
Dw Snow climate with dry winter
Df Snow climate, fully humid
E. Polar climates
EF Tundra climate
ET Frost climate
Latitude range / °N / °S
Approximate limits north to south
Air temperature / Lower limit / Upper limit
Mean annual temperature (°C, lower/upper tolerance limits)
Mean maximum temperature of hottest month (°C, lower/upper tolerance limits)
Mean minimum temperature of coldest month (°C, lower/upper tolerance limits)
Absolute minimum temperature (°C)
(= minimum lowest temperature tolerated/ever recorded)
Rainfall
Mean annual rainfall
(mm; lower/upper limits)
Rainfall regime
(underline or bold one or more) / Summer Winter
Bimodal Uniform
Dry season duration
(number of consecutive months with <40 mm rainfall; give range)

Soil tolerances table (please enter Y(es) against all that are appropriate)

Soil texture / Soil drainage
light (sands, sandy loams) / Free
medium (loams, sandy clay loams) / Impeded
heavy (clays, clay loams, sandy clays) / seasonally waterlogged
Soil reaction / Special soil tolerances
very acid / (pH <4.0) / Shallow
Acid / (pH 4.0-6.0) / Saline
Neutral / (pH 6.1-7.4) / Sodic
Alkaline / (pH 7.4-9.4) / Infertile
very alkaline / (pH > 9.4) / other (please specify)

Water tolerances table

Parameter / Indicate optimal and harmful values or ranges / Remark
Preferred / Tolerated
Water temperature (°C)
Salinity (ppt)
Dissolved oxygen (mg/l)
Water pH
Hardness (mg/l CaCO3)
Carbon dioxide (mg/l)
Ammonia [unionised] (mg/l)
Ammonium [ionised] (mg/l)
Turbidity (JTU)
Velocity (cm/h)
Conductivity (µmhos/cm)
Depth (m b.s.l.)
Other (describe and give units)

MOVEMENT AND DISPERSAL – SUMMARY (text section)

Include information on pathways and rates of dispersal, at local, national or international levels.

Use the following headings: Natural dispersal (non-biotic), e.g. water, wind; Vector transmission (biotic), e.g. carried or eaten by animals; Accidental introduction e.g. associated with trade and transport; and Intentional introduction e.g. as an ornamental or crop plant, as a pet etc.; include legal and illegal movement. The Movement and Dispersal Tables below are designed to capture searchable data, please complete as fully as possible.

[SEEDBORNE ASPECTS – to be included for seedborne pathogens].

MOVEMENT AND DISPERSAL TABLES