Ecology-Symbiosis and Succession
Ecology
•All living and ______components
•Balance between ______and ______(remember the Kaibab deer)
•Specialists and ______
•Living things fill various ______
•A niche is the way of life or the ______
Example:A rabbit fills the niche of an herbivore and it is prey for carnivores
Symbiosis in the Ecosystem
•Close relationship between ______species
•There are four types
–______
–______
–______
–______
Types of Symbiosis
–Mutualism is when ______
–Commensalism is when one benefits and the other is ______
–Predation is when one species ______the other
–Parasitism is when one species benefits and the other is ______, but not ______(at least not right away!)
Mimicry and Camouflage
•______techniques
•Some species use camouflage to ______
•Others use scare tactics to mimic a ______organism or a ______
Range of Tolerance
•The range of environmental factors in which an organism can ______
•Can be increased if ______
•If factors change too ______for an organism to acclimate, it may _____
Human Impact
•Humans are ______all over the earth
•Rainforests are being destroyed by ______every minute for:
•______
•______
•______
•______
Global Warming and Greenhouse Effect
•The earth has ______(become tropical) several times in its history
•The earth has had several ______
•We are currently in a warm, ______period
•Certain ______in the atmosphere act like the ______of a greenhouse
•They let the sunlight in, but do not let the ______escape
•CO2, ______, & methane are a few such gases
•Also, ______helps shield us from ultra violet rays to keep us from getting too much heat
•______are chemicals that harm the ozone layer
•The Greenhouse Effect is the ______that humans are speeding up the natural process by our activities
Human activities may increase the Greenhouse Effect
•______fossil fuels (gas, oil, coal) releases CO2
•CO2 is being added ______than it can be recycled by photosynthesis
•CFCs are released when we use ______and certain ______
Succession
•The sequence that living things ______in an ecosystem
–Primary succession begins with ______
–Secondary succession begins after a ______. Soil is already present
Example: Lichen can grow where there is only rock
•Primary succession
–______& mosses
•Break down rock to begin forming soil
–______
–______
–______
•Secondary succession
–______
–______
–______
Stability in the Environment
•When predators and prey are in ______, there is more diversity of species.
•When a ______occurs, the stability is altered
•Example:Humans may remove all predators from an area and the prey exceed their carrying capacity, remember the Kaibab.