Table 5: Summary table / part I
Reference no. / Country / Population / Design / Theoretical basis / Instrument / Statistical analysis(1) Adamson et al.,
J Hum Nutr Diet,
1992;5:371-385 / England / 379 students
Age: 11-12 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / Food diary / Descriptive analysis
(17) Musaiger & Gregory,
J Roy Soc Health,
1992;112(4):159-162 / Bahrain / 1,673 students
Age: 6-22 / Cross sectional interview survey / No theory applied / 24-h recall / Descriptive analysis
(182) Ahmed et al.,
Public Health Nutr,
1998;1(2):83-92 / Bangladesh / 384 girls
Age: 10-16 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / FFQ / One-way analysis of variance
(19) Shi et al.,
Eur J Clin Nutr,
2005;59(12):1439-1448 / China / 824 students
Age: 12-14
Junior level 1, 2 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / FFQ / Multiple linear regression analysis
(20) Wang et al.,
J Nutr,
2002;132:430-438 / China / 984 children
Age: 6-13 / Longitudinal questionnaire survey / No theory applied / 24-h recall / Multiple logistic regression analysis
(21) Vijayapushpam et al.,
Publ Health Nutr,
2003;6(7):683-688 / India / 272 students
Age: 12–14
Class: 8 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / FFQ / Chi-square test
(22) De Bourdeaudhuij & Oost,
Psychol Health,
2000;15:751-770 / Belgium / 208 child/parent pairs
Mean age: 15, range: 12-18 / Cross sectional
questionnaire survey / Social Learning Theory / Theory of Planned Behaviour / FFQ / subjective measure / Multiple hierarchical regression analysis
(23) Vereecken et al.,
J Adolesc Health,
2004;34:330-338 / Belgium / 12,490 students
Age: 11-24
Grade: 1-6 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / FFQ / Multiple logistic regression analysis
(24) Vereecken et al.,
Eur J Clin Nutr.
2005a;59(2):271-277 / Belgium-Flanders / 12,360 students/157 school principals
Age: 11-18
Primary school: Grade: 5-6
Secondary school : Grade: 1-6 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / FFQ / Multilevel logistic regression analysis
(25) Vereecken et al.,
Eur J Public Health,
2005b;15(3):224-232 / 28 European countries / 114,558 students
Age: 11, 13, 15 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / FFQ / Multilevel logistic regression analysis
(26) Osler & Hansen,
Scand J Soc Med,
1993;21(2):135-140 / Denmark / 674 students
Mean age: 12.5, 14.5
Class: 6, 8 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / FFQ / Descriptive analysis
(27) Adamson et al.,
J Hum Nutr Diet,
1992;5:371-385 / England / 379 students
Age: 11-12 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / Food diary / Descriptive analysis
(28) Cartwright et al.,
Health Psychol,
2003;22(4):362-369 / England / 4,320 students
Mean age: 11.8, SD=0.35
Grade: 7 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / FFQ / Multiple logistic regression analysis
(29) Crawley & While,
J Epidemiol Community Health,
1996;50:306-312 / England / 2,957 adolescents
Age: 16-17 / Cross sectional questionnaire / interview survey / No theory applied / Food diary / Log-linear models, modelling by Poisson distribution and identity link
(30) Glynn et al.,
J Hum Nutr Diet,
2005;18:7-19 / England / 1,528 children
Age: 7.5, SD=0.12 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / Food diary / Mann-Whitney U-test
(31) New & Livingstone,
Public Health Nutr,
2003;6(5):497-504 / England / 504 students
Mean age: 12.2-15.2
Year: 7-10 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / Information not provided / Mann-Whitney U test
(32) Wardle et al.,
Prev Med,
2003;36:721-730 / England / 4,320 students
Mean age: 11.8 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / FFQ / Chi-square test, multiple logistic regression analysis
(33) Haapalahti et al.,
Public Health Nutr,
2003;6(4):365-370 / Finland / 404 children
Age: 10-11 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / FFQ / Chi-square test
(34) Laitinen et al.,
Scand J Soc Med,
1995;23(2):88-94 / Finland / 691 children/adolescents
Age: 9, 12, 15 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / 48-h recall / Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance
(35) Roos et al.,
Prev Med,
2001;33:282-291 / Finland / 76,201 students
Mean age: 15.3, SD=0.62 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / FFQ / Multiple logistic regression analysis
(36) Yannakoulia et al.,
Eur J Clin Nutr,
2004;58:580-586 / Greece / 4,299 students
Age: 11.5, 13.5, 15.5
Primary education: Grade: 6
Secondary education: Grade: 2,4 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / FFQ / Descriptive analysis, chi square test, analysis of variance
(37) Paulus et al.,
Eur J Clin Nutr,
2001;55:130-136 / Luxembourg / 1,526 students
Age: 12-17 / Cross sectional interview survey / No theory applied / FFQ / Chi-square test
(38) Kremers et al.,
Appetite,
2003;41:43-50 / Netherlands / 1,771 students
Mean age: 16.5, SD = 0.8 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / FFQ + perceived intake / The Tukey-HSD method
(39) Van Lenthe et al.,
Eur J Public Health,
2001;11:43-50 / Northern Ireland / Baseline: 509 students
Age: 12
Follow up: 455 students
Age: 15 / Cross sectional / longitudinal questionnaire survey / No theory applied / Food record / t-test, generalised estimated equations
(40) Warwick et al.,
Nutrition & Food Science,
1999;5:229-236 / Northern Ireland / 764 students / 516 parents
Age: 9-17 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / FFQ / Chi-square test
(41) Bere & Klepp,
Public Health Nutr,
2004;7(8):991-998 / Norway / 1,950 students / 1,647 parents
Mean age: 11.8
Grade: 6, 7 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / Social Cognitive Theory / FFQ / Multiple linear regression analysis
(42) Bere & Klepp,
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act, 2005;2:15 / Norway / 816 students
Mean age (baseline): 11.8
Grade (baseline): 6, 7 / Longitudinal questionnaire survey / Social Cognitive Theory / FFQ / Multiple linear regression analysis
(43) Lien et al.,
Public Health Nutr,
2002a;5(5):671-681 / Norway / 613 students
Age: 15 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / Social Cognitive Theory / Problem Behaviour Theory / FFQ / Multiple linear regression analysis
(44) Inchley et al.,
J Hum Nutr Diet,
2001;14:207-216 / Scotland / 14,669 students
Mean age 11.5, 13.5, 15.5
Primary 7, secondary 2, secondary 4 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / FFQ / Chi-square test, multiple logistic regression analysis, Mantel Haenszel test
(45) Longbottom et al.,
J Hum Nutr Diet,
2002;15:271-279 / Scotland / 36 children
Mean age: 6.5, SD = 1.0 / Cross sectional interview survey / No theory applied / Food record / Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient test
(46) Sweeting et al.,
Eur J Clin Nutr,
1994;48:736-748 / Scotland / 908 adolescents
Age: 15, 18 / Cross sectional /longitudinal survey. Interviews / questionnaires / No theory applied / FFQ / Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis
(47) Wrieden W,
Health Educ J,
1996;55:185-194 / Scotland / 1,880 students
Age: 10-11
Final year at primary school / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / FFQ / 24-h recall / Chi-square test
(48) Höglund et al.,
Eur J Clin Nutr,
1998;52:784-789 / Sweden / 7,605 students
Age: 14-15
Grade: 8 / Cross sectional questionnaire/interview survey / No theory applied / FFQ / Multiple logistic regression analysis, Pearson’s correlation coefficients
(49) Samuelson et al.,
Am J Clin Nutr,
1971;24:1361-1373 / Sweden / 1,401 children
Age: 4, 8, 13 / Cross sectional interview survey / No theory applied / FFQ / Multiple linear regression analysis
(50) Samuelson et al.,
Acta Pædiatr,
1996; Suppl 415:1-20 / Sweden / 411 adolescents
Age: 15 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / FFQ /
Food record / Student’s t-test, multiple regression analysis
(51) Sjöberg et al.,
Eur J Clin Nutr,
2003:57;1569-1578 / Sweden / 1,245 students
Mean age: 15.5, range: 15-16
Grade 9 / Cross sectional questionnaire / interview survey / No theory applied / Record of habitual diet history / One-way analysis of variance
(52) Von Post-Skagegård et al.,
Eur J Clin Nutr,
2002;56:532-538 / Sweden / Baseline: 411 adolescents
Age: 15,
Follow up 1: 338 adolescents Age: 17,
Follow up 2: 208 adolescents Age: 21 / Longitudinal interview survey / No theory applied / FFQ / Multi-factorial analysis of variance
(53) George & Krondl,
Nutr Behav,
1983;1:115-125 / Canada / 135 students
Age: 14-17
Grade: 10 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / FFQ / Kendall’s tau correlations
(54) Myres & Kroetsch,
Can J Public Health,
1978;69:208-221 / Canada / 4,227 children/adolescents
Age: 5-19 / Cross sectional survey. Information on instrument not provided / No theory applied / Information not provided / Descriptive analysis
(553) Baranowski et al.,
J Am Coll Nutr,
1997;16(3):216-223 / USA / 2,924 students
Age: 7-13
Grade: 3 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / Food record / Mixed linear model regression analysis
(456) Baxter & Thompson,
J Nutr Educ Behav,
2002;34:166-171 / USA / 237 students
Grade: 4 / Cross sectional interview / observational survey / No theory applied / Same/next day school lunch recall / Mixed model analysis of variance
(57) Beech et al.,
J Adolesc Health,
1999;24: 244-250 / USA / 2,213 students
Grade: 9 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / FFQ / Chi-square test
(6) Bell & Swinburn,
Eur J Clin Nutr,
2004;58:258-263 / Australia / 1,656 students
Age: 5-15 / Cross-sectional interview survey / No theory applied / 24-h recall / Paired t-test, multiple linear regression analysis
(7) Bere & Klepp,
Public Health Nutr,
2004;7(8):991-998 / Norway / 1,950 students / 1,647 parents
Mean age: 11.8
Grade: 6, 7 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / Social Cognitive Theory / FFQ / Multiple linear regression analysis
(8) Bere & Klepp,
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act, 2005;2:15 / Norway / 816 students
Mean age (baseline): 11.8
Grade (baseline): 6, 7 / Longitudinal questionnaire survey / Social Cognitive Theory / FFQ / Multiple linear regression analysis
(589) Bowman et al.,
Pediatrics,
2004;113(1):112-118 / USA / 6,212 children/adolescents
Age: 4-19 / Cross sectional interview survey / No theory applied / 24-h recall / Multiple linear regression analysis
(5910) Boynton-Jarrett et al., Pediatrics,
2003;112(6):1321-1326 / USA / 548 students
Baseline:
Mean age: 11.7, SD=0.75, Grade: 6, 7
Follow up:
Mean age: 13.25, SD=0.78 / Longitudinal questionnaire survey / No theory applied / FFQ / Multiple (controlling for clustered sample design) linear regression analysis
(6011) Burdine et al.,
J Sch Health,
1984;54(2):87-90 / USA / 2,695 students
Grade: 7, 8 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / FFQ / Chi-square test
(6112) Campbell et al.,
Health Educ Behav,
1999;26(4):513-534 / USA / 2,213 students
Mean age: 14.8, SD=0.5
Grade: 9 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / The Stages-of-Change Trans-theoretical Model / FFQ / Mixed model analysis of variance
(13) Cartwright et al.,
Health Psychol,
2003;22(4):362-369 / England / 4,320 students
Mean age: 11.8, SD=0.35
Grade: 7 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / FFQ / Multiple logistic regression analysis
(14) Crawley & While,
J Epidemiol Community Health;
1996;50:306-312 / England / 2,957 adolescents
Age: 16-17 / Cross sectional questionnaire / interview survey / No theory applied / Food diary / Log-linear models, modelling by Poisson distribution and identity link
(6215) Cross et al.,
J Am Diet Assoc,
1994;94(12):1398-1403 / USA / 290 students
Grade: 5, 6 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / Type of food item eaten for snack / Descriptive analysis
(6316) Cullen et al.,
J Am Diet Assoc,
2000;100(12): 1482-1486 / USA / 594 students
Grade: 4, 5 / Cross- sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / Lunch food record / Pearson’s correlation coefficients, analysis of variance / covariance
(6417) Cullen et al.,
Health Educ Behav,
2003;30(5):615-626 / USA / 287 students / 88 parents
Grade: 4-6 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / Social Cognitive Theory / Food record / Structural equation modelling
(6518) Cullen & Zakari,
Am J Public Health,
2004;94(3):463-467 / USA / 540 students
(two cohorts: 283/257)
Age: 9-11 ((at baseline)
Grade: 4, 5 / Longitudinal questionnaire study / No theory applied / Lunch food record / Wilcoxon signed rank tests
(6619) Cullen et al.,
Obes Res,
2004;suppl 12:S20-S31 / USA / 114 girl student/parent pairs combinations
Age: 8-10 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / 24-h recall / Hierarchical stepwise linear block regression analysis
(20) De Bourdeaudhuij & Oost,
Psychol Health,
2000;15:751-770 / Belgium / 208 child/parent combinations
Mean age: 15, range: 12-18 / Cross sectional
questionnaire survey / Social Learning Theory / Theory of Planned Behaviour / FFQ / subjective measure / Multiple hierarchical regression analysis
(6721) Domel et al.,
Health Educ Res,
1996;11(3):299-308 (xx) / USA / 252 students
Grade: 4, 5 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / Social Cognitive Theory / Food record / Multiple linear regression analysis
(6822) French et al.,
Int J Obes,
2001;25:1823-1833 / USA / 4,746 students
Mean age: 14.9, range: 11-18
Grade: 7-12 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / FFQ / Mixed model linear regression analysis
(6923) Fulkerson et al.,
Prev Med,
2004;38:865-875(xx) / USA / 4,734 students
Mean age/boys: 14.9, SD=1.7 Mean age/girls: 14.7, SD=1.7 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / FFQ / Multiple linear model analysis
(24) George & Krondl,
Nutr Behav,
1983;1:115-125 / Canada / 135 students
Age: 14-17
Grade: 10 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / FFQ / Kendall’s tau correlations
(7025) Gillman et al.,
Arch Fam Med,
2000;9:235-240 / USA / 16,202 children
Age: 9-14 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / FFQ / Multiple logistic regression analysis
(26) Giskes et al.,
Public Health Nutr,
2002;5(5):663-669 / Australia / 654 adolescents
Age 13-17 / Cross sectional interview survey / No theory applied / 24-h recall / Multiple logistic regression analysis, general linear models
(27) Glynn et al.,
J Hum Nutr Diet,
2005;18:7-19 / England / 1,528 children
Age: 7.5, SD=0.12 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / Food diary / Mann-Whitney U-test
(7128) Greger et al.,
Ecol Food Nutr,
1979;7:213-218 / USA / 178 girls
Mean age: 12.8 +/- 0.1
Grade: 6-8 / Cross sectional interview survey / No theory applied / 24-h recall / Descriptive analysis
(29) Haapalahti et al.,
Public Health Nutr,
2003;6(4):365-370 / Finland / 404 children
Age: 10-11 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / FFQ / Chi-square test
(7230) Hanson et al.,
Public Health Nutr,
2005;8(1):77-85 / USA / 902 students/parents pairs
Middle and high school / Cross sectional
questionnaire survey / No theory applied / FFQ / General linear modelling (adjusted),
t-tests of trend
(31) Harding et al.,
J NZ Diet Assoc,
1988;42(1):4-13 / New Zealand / 145 students
Mean age: 15.0 +/-0.4
4th form / Cross sectional interview survey / No theory applied / 24-hour recall / Descriptive analysis
(7332) Hearn et al.
J Health Educ,
1998;29(1): 26-32 / USA / Sample I: Grade 3 students and/ parents from 16 schools (individual level sample size not reported). Family survey: 13 randomly selected families from sample I
Sample II: Students from 45 elementary schools (individual level sample size not reported) / Cross-sectional questionnaire survey.
Family survey based on telephone interview / Social Cognitive Theory / Food record / Multivariate mixed model linear regression analysis, Pearson’s correlation coefficients
(7433) Heunemann et al.,
J Am Diet Assoc,
1968;53:17-24 / USA / 122 students
Age: 16-17
Grade: 11, 12 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / Food diaries / Not described
(34) Höglund et al.,
Eur J Clin Nutr,
1998;52:784-789 / Sweden / 7,605 students
Age: 14-15
Grade: 8 / Cross sectional questionnaire/interview survey / No theory applied / FFQ / Multiple logistic regression analysis, Pearson’s correlation coefficients
(35) Inchley et al.,
J Hum Nutr Dietet,
2001;14:207-216 / Scotland / 14,669 students
Mean age 11.5, 13.5, 15.5
Primary 7, secondary 2, secondary 4 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / FFQ / Chi-square test, multiple logistic regression analysis, Mantel Haenszel test
(7536) Kratt et al.,
Health Educ Behav,
2000;27(4):471-482 / USA / 1,196 child/parentpairscombinations
Grade: 4 / Cross sectional questionnaire / interview survey / Social Cognitive Theory / 24-h recall / Analysis of variance, multi group structural equation modelling
(37) Kremers et al.,
Appetite,
2003;41:43-50 / Netherlands / 1,771 students
Mean age: 16.5, SD = 0.8 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / FFQ + perceived intake / The Tukey-HSD method
(7638) Kubik et al.,
Am J Public Health,
2003;93(7):1168-1173 / USA / 598 students
Grade: 7 / Cross sectional interview / observational survey / No theory applied / 24-h-recall / Multivariate general linear mixed modelling
(39) Laitinen et al.,
Scand J Soc Med,
1995;23(2):88-94 / Finland / 691 children/adolescents
Age: 9, 12, and 15 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / 48-h recall / Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance
(7740) Lantz & Wood,
J Am Diet Assoc,
1958;34:1199-1207. / USA / 365 students
Age: 6-16 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / Food record / No statistical test
(7841) Levine & Gurhrie,
Fam Econ Nutr Rev,
1997;10(3):20-35 / USA / 1,087 adolescents
Age: 13-18 / Cross sectional interview survey / No theory applied / FFQ / Chi-square test, student t-test
(42) Lien et al.,
Public Health Nutr,
2002a;5(5): 671-681 / Norway / 613 students
Age: 15 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / Social Cognitive Theory / Problem Behaviour Theory / FFQ / Multiple linear regression analysis
(7943) Lien et al.,
Am J Health Promot,
2002b;16(4):189-197 / USA / 1,406 students
Grade: 7, 8 / Longitudinal questionnaire survey / Theory of Planned Behaviour / FFQ / Path analysis
(44) Longbottom et al.,
J Hum Nutr Diet,
2002;15:271-279 / Scotland / 36 children
Mean age: 6.5, SD = 1.0 / Cross sectional interview survey / No theory applied / Food record / Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient test
(8045) Lowry et al.,
JAMA,
1996;276(10): 792-797 / USA / 6,321 adolescents
Mean age: 14.5, range 12-17 / Cross sectional interview survey / No theory applied / FFQ / Multiple logistic regression analysis
(8146) Lowry et al.,
J Sch Health;
2002;72(10):413-421 / USA / 15,349 students
Grade: 9-12 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / FFQ / Multivariate logistic regression analysis
(8247) Lytle et al.,
J Nutr Educ Behav,
2003;35:170-178 / USA / 3,878 students
Mean age: 12.8, SD = 0.38
Grade: 7 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / Social Cognitive Theory / Theory of Planned Behaviour / FFQ / Generalised linear mixed model(event rate ratios (ERR) for predictor variable (10th, 25th, 75th, and 90thpercentiles), reference = median)
(8348) Matheson et al.,
Am J Clin Nutr,;
2004;79:1088-1094 / USA / Sample 1: 91 students
Mean age: 8.6, range: 7.8-9.6 Grade: 3
Sample 2: 129 students
Mean age: 9.6, range: 9.0-11.5 Grade: 5 / Cross sectional interview survey / No theory applied / 24-h recall / Two-factor analysis of variance
(84) Melnik et al.,
J Am Diet Assoc,
1998;98:159-164 / USA / 1,397 students
Grade: 2, 5 / Cross sectional
questionnaire survey / No theory applied / FFQ / Least square mean statistics
(49) Melnik et al.,
J Am Diet Assos,
1998;98:159-164 / USA / 1,397 students
Grade: 2 and 5 / Cross sectional
questionnaire survey / No theory applied / FFQ / Least square mean statistics
(50) Milligan et al.,
Aust N Z J Public Health,
1998;22(4):485-493 / Australia / 504 students
Mean age: 18.0, 95%CI 18.0-18.1 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / 24-h recall / Analysis of variance / Mann-Whitney test
(51) Musaiger & Gregory,
J Roy Soc Health,
1992;112(4):159-162 / Bahrain / 1,673 students
Age: 6-22 / Cross sectional interview survey / No theory applied / 24-h recall / No statistical analysis performed
(52) Myres & Kroetsch,
Can J Public Health,
1978;69:208-221 / Canada / 4,227 children/adolescents
Age: 5-19 / Cross sectional survey. Information on instrument not provided / No theory applied / Information not provided / Descriptive analysis
(8553) Neumark-Sztainer et al.,
Prev Med,
1996;25:497-505 / USA / 36,284 students
Mean age: 15.0, SD=1.8
Grade: 7-12 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / FFQ / Multiple logistic regression analysis
(8654) Neumark-Sztainer et al.,
Prev Med,
2003a;37:198-208 / USA / 3,957 students
Mean age: 14.9, SD=1.7 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / Social Cognitive Theory / FFQ / Structural equation modelling
(8755) Neumark-Sztainer et al.
J Am Diet Assoc,
2003b;103:317-322 / USA / 4,746 students
Mean age: 14.9, range: 11-18
Grade: 7-12 / Cross sectional
questionnaire survey / No theory applied / FFQ / Multiple linear regression analysis, test for linear trend
(56) New & Livingstone,
Public Health Nutr,
2003;6(5):497-504 / England / 504 students
Mean age: 12.2-15.2
Year: 7-10 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / Information not provided / Mann-Whitney U test
(8857) Nicklas et al.,
Sch Food Serv Res Rev,
1993;17(2):125-132 / USA / 393 children
Age: 10 / Cross sectional interview survey / No theory applied / 24-h recall / Descriptive analysis
(58) Nowak & Speare,
J Paediatr Child Health,
1996; 32:424-427 / Australia / 791 students
Mean age: 12.9, range: 12-15
Year: 8 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / FFQ / Regression analysis
(59) Osler & Hansen,
Scand J Soc Med,
1993;21(2):135-140 (xx) / Denmark / 674 students
Mean age: 12.5 and 14.5
Class: 6 and 8 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / FFQ / Descriptive analysis
(60) Paulus et al.,
Eur J Clin Nutr,
2001;55:130-136 / Luxembourg / 1,526 students
Age: 12-17 / Cross sectional interview survey / No theory applied / FFQ / Chi-square test
(8961) Pearman et al.,
Am J Health Behav,
2000;24(3):220-28 / USA / 6,627 students
Grade: 9-12 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / No theory applied / Eating FV on the previous day (yes/no) / Chi-square test
(9062) Rafiroiu et al.,
Am J Health Behav,
2002;26(3):200-212 / USA / 2,021 students
Grade: 8, and 11 / Cross sectional interview survey / Social Cognitive Theory / Responses to questions on compliance with recommen-dationsrecommen-dations / Chi-square test
(9163) Resnicow et al.,
Health Psychol,
1997;16:272-276 / USA / 1,398 students
Mean age: 8.7, range: 7-11
Grade: 3 / Cross sectional questionnaire survey / Social Cognitive Theory / Food diary / Mixed linear model regression analysis
(9264) Reynolds et al.,
J Am Coll Nutr,
1999a;18(3):248-254 / USA / Alabama: 1,169 students,
Age: 8-10 / Grade:4
Georgia: 1,481 students,
Age: 8-10 / Grade: 3
Louisiana: 608students,
Age: 14-16 / Grade: 9
Minnesota: 500 students,
Age: 9-11 / Cross sectional questionnaire / interview surveys / No theory applied / Alabama: 7 day 24-h recall
Georgia: 7 day food records
Louisiana: 1 day 24-h recall
Minnesota: 3-4 day 24-h recall / Mixed linear regression model
(9365) Reynolds et al.,
J Nutr Educ,
1999b;31:23-30 / USA / 414 students
Grade: 3 / Cross sectional questionnaire / interview survey / Social Cognitive Theory / 24-h recall / Structural equation modelling
(66) Rojas,
Arch Latinoam Nutr,
2001;51(1):81-85 / Costa Rica / 274 students