BuildaWallMockup
Description
Allwalls in a house must bebuilt to correctspecifications and size in order to meet building coderequirements. Inthis Activity Plan,students will buildmockwall sections, with48"(1200mm) topandbottomplatesandfour24"(600mm)studs.
Thepurposeofthis activity istohavestudentspractisemeasuring,cutting,andnailingbybuilding a small mock wallsection.This lesson will be followedbythelayoutand construction ofa full-sized wallusingtheskillsgained.
LessonOutcomes
The student willbeableto:
•Identify theparts of a wall
•Layout a mini mock wallaccordingto specifications
•Install wall componentsinappropriatelocations
•Demonstratesafe useofhandand power tools
•Demonstrate correct nailingtechniquesfor a wall section
Assumptions
The student will:
•Befamiliarwiththe safeuse of mitre saws and portable circularsaws
•Havehad theopportunity touse basicmeasurement and layout tools
•Be familiarwithextractinginformation from drawings
Terminology
Baseplate(also calledfloorplateorbottomplate):ahorizontalstructuralmembertowhichthewallstudsarethroughnailedandwhichformsthebaseofthewallwhenassembled.
Doubletopplate:asecondsetofplatesaddedafterthewallsareraisedtoposition.Theseplatescontinuepastthepointofintersectionbetweensideandendwallsandarenaileddownthroughthetopinordertolockthewalls into asolidunit.
Endnailtechnique:toinstallastudorjoistbynailingthroughtheplatesorrimjoistintotheendofthestudorjoist(typicallytwonailsateachendofastudareused).
Exteriorwall:aframedwallusedontheoutsideofastructurethatcontainsinsulation,typicallyframedwith2×6"material.
Flush:atermusedinconstructiontoindicatethattwomeetingsurfacesarealignedonthesameplane.
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Interiorwalls:aframedwallusedontheinsideofastructurethatdoesnotcontaininsulationandistypicallyframedwith2×4” material.
Level:atermusedinconstructionto refer toahorizontalsurface.
OnCentre(OC):Thistermimpliesthatthemeasurement fromthecentreofonestudorjoisttothecentreofthenextidenticalcomponentwillbe exactly thedistancespecified.
Plumb:atermusedinconstructiontorefertoaverticalsurface.
Square:atermusedinconstructionto refertoa90°angle.
Toenailtechnique:toinstallastudinawall by nailingthroughthesideedgeofthestudatabouta60°angledown into the plate. Thenailsneedtobedriven into the plate sothat approximatelyhalfofthelengthofthenailisinthe plate.
Topplate:ahorizontalstructuralmembertowhichthewallstudsarethroughnailedandwhichformsthetopofthewallwhenassembled.
Wallstud:averticalmemberinlightframewallconstruction,usuallyspacedat 16"or 24" centretocentre.
EstimatedTime
1.5–2hours
Timefor this activity depends onthe familiarity of students with tools andaccess totools—thenumber ofmitreand portable circularsaws available,etc.
RecommendedNumberofStudents
20, basedontheBritishColumbiaTechnology Educators’BestPractice Guide. Theidealis
16.Studentswill work ingroupsoftwo or individually,depending on class numbersandspaceavailable.
Facilities
Technologyeducationshopfacilityrequired. A securespaceto work outsideisadvantageousaswellasopen floor areain which tobuildthe mock walls.
Tools
•Mitresaw
•Portablecircular saw
•Extensioncord
•Tape measures
•Hammersandnailpullers
•Nailgunand compressor (optional)
•Combination or speedsquare
•Level
•Aprons
•Hard hats
•Eyeprotection
Materials
•2×4"sor 2×6"s forwall plates and studs
•3"common nails
Resources
Graphic/photooffinishedexteriorwall, crosssection offinishedexteriorwall.Figures 1 and 2showexamplesthat could be used.Drawingsof a varietyofwalls could be providedand typicalmethods of constructioncouldbediscussed.
Studsarespaced16"oncentreCripple studs are
16" on centre
Topplate
Header
Jack studs are theheight ofyourroughopenings
Kings go tothe outsides of the jack studs
Treated lumber forbottomplate in basement
Figure1—The mainfeatures of atypical fullheight wall witha framed-indoor section
Wall section (8')Topplate(`regular´ 2" × 4")
Bottomplate(treated 2" × 4")
**Leave ½" of spacetoallowyouto tip the wallintoplace.
Figure 2—Typicalinterior wallshowingcorrect spacingfor wallstuds.Note that the second stud is located 16" from the outside of the first stud to the centre of the second stud. Each remaining stud will be 16" OC.
Activity
1.Reviewterminologyandsafepractices.
2.Determine thelengthsofthewallplates, studspacing,size,andpositioning. Note:16" (406mm)outsidetocentrespacing.Recommendedmeasurementsforthe mock wallare48"(1200mm)topand base plates with four 24" (600mm)studs.
3.Generateamaterial list.
4.Cutthetopandbaseplatestolength(two pieces at48" or 1220mm)using a compoundmitresaw(Figure3) or portablecircularsaw.
Figure 3—Typical compoundmitre sawused tocut platesand studsto length
5.Layoutthetopandbaseplatesbymarkingthe correct locations ofstudsusing a tapemeasure and combination square(orspeed square).Mark the locationofthe studs bymarkingan X on the correct sideof a measuredpencilline.Notethatthe second studmust be located16" from theoutsideofthefirststudtothecentreofthe second stud. Allremainingstudswill be located16"OC.
6.Whenlayingoutwalls, a tape measureishooked on theendofplates(or on floors, on therim joists).Layout on both16" OC or 24" OC is started byrunningthe tape measurealongthe plate.Marks are thenmade ⅜"shortof the 16"marks on thetape(15¼",31¼",47¼",etc.).An X isthenplacedtotherightofeach mark toindicatetheside on which thestudor joistisplaced.Theendresultwill be studs on joistbeing16"OC.Thissame process isused for24" OC (i.e.,23¼",47¼",71¼").
7.Cutthewallstudcomponentstolength(four pieces at12" or 300mm)using a compoundmitresaw or portable circularsaw.
8.Assemblethewallframingcomponentswith a hammerandnails(two3" common nailsthroughthetopplate,andtwo3" common nailsthroughthebaseplate).Notethatstudentswillhavemore success workingtogether on thispartoftheactivity,asthey can assistinholdingcomponentsinthe correct position.
Figure 4—Typicalnailingprocedureforawall
9.Note: Thenailing process should be completed whilethematerialis on a flat horizontalsurface, inordertofacilitateeasynailing(Figure4).
10.Students needto check the mockwall to ensure thatthestructureissquareand that studsareflushwithplates.(Wallonlyneedsto be squared if itisto be sheathed on thefloor.)
EvaluationGuidelines
•All framingcomponentsareflush.
•Layoutis correct (e.g.,studspacing).
•Componentsarecutto correct length.
•Walls are square.
•Safework practicesare followed.
•Thework environment istidy,withtoolsand materials stored properly and waste materialremoved.
OptionalActivities
•Theteacher could demonstratetheassemblyofpartofthe mock wallbyusing apneumaticnailgun, if available.
•Theteacher could alsodemonstratetoenailingtechniques,andstudents could practisetoenailingonestudinthewall.