RAJIV GANDHI NIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
KARNATAKA – BANGALORE
COMPLETED PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR
DISSERTATION
“A CLINICO-EXPIREMENTAL STUDY ON TWO SOURCES OF PASHANABHEDA(Aervalanata(Linn)Juss. ex. Schult) & Bryophyllumpinnatum(Lam) Oken) WITH RESPECT TO MOOTRALA KARMA(DIURETIC ACTION)”
By
Dr. NAGARATNA. A
Dept .of P.G.Studies in DRaVYA GUNA
S.D.M. COLLEGE of Ayurveda
HASSAN.
GUIDE Dr. PRAKASH L.HEGDE, MD,Ph.D(Ayu)
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR & HOD
Dept.OF P.G.Studies in DRAVYA GUNA
S.D.M.COLLEGE of Ayurveda
HASSAN
CO-GUIDE
Mr.SudhakarM.Sc. (Medical Pharmacology)
RESEARCH OFFICER
S.D.M Centre for Research in Ayurveda and
Allied Sciences, Udupi.
2012 - 2013
S.D.M.COLLEGE OF AYURVEDA
THANNIRUHALLA, HASSAN-573201
From,
Dr. NAGARATNA. A
Preliminary M. D. (Ayu) Scholar.
Dept. of Post Graduate Studies in Dravyaguna,
S.D.M. College of Ayurveda & Hospital,
P.O. Box 164, Hassan – 573201.
To,
THE REGISTRAR,
Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences.
4th T block, Jayanagar, Bangalore-41, Karnataka.
Through,
The Principal and
Head of the Dept. in Dravyaguna,
S.D.M. College of Ayurveda & Hospital, Hassan.
SUB: “Submission of the completed Proforma for registration of subject for
Dissertation”.
Respected Sir,
I request you to kindly register the below mentioned subject against my name for the submission of the dissertation to Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences Karnataka, Bangalore for partial fulfillment of M.D. (Ayurveda).
TITLE OF THE DISSERTATION:
“A CLINICO-EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON TWO SOURCES OF PASHANABHEDA (Aervalanata(linn) juss. ex. schult. &Bryophyllumpinnatum (lam) oken) WITH RESPECT TO MUTRALA KARMA (DIURETIC ACTION)”
Here with I am enclosing completed proforma of synopsis for registration of subject for Dissertation.
Thanking you,
Place: Hassan Yours faithfully, Date: Dr. NAGARATNA. A
RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES KARNATAKA
BANGALORE.
COMPLETED PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION
1. NAME OF THE CANDIDATE:Dr.NAGARATNA. A
AND ADDRESS Preliminary M.D Scholar
Department of Dravyaguna
S.D.M. College of Ayurveda
Hassan -573201
Karnataka.
PERMANENT ADDRESS :Dr.NAGARATNA. A
D/O Budibasappa
3 NA- 207, T.S.P.L. Colony T.B.Dam
Hospet, Bellary District- 583225.
2. NAME OF THE INSTITUTE:SDM COLLEGE OF AYURVEDA,
HASSAN, KARNATAKA.
3. COURSE OF STUDY : AYURVEDAVACHASPATHI (M.D.)
IN DRAVYAGUNA
4. DATE OF ADMISSION : 22-12-2012
OF COURSE
5. TITLE OF THE TOPIC : “A CLINICO-EXPERIMENTAL
STUDY ON TWO SOURCES OF
PASHANABHEDA (Aervalanata
(linn) juss. ex. schult. &Bryophyllum
pinnatum(lam) oken) WITH
RESPECTTO MUTRALA
KARMA (DIURETICACTION)”
6. BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK:
6.1 NEED FOR THE STUDY
Drugs mentioned in Ayurveda treatises are provided with a few exomorphological characters or therapeutics for the plants known at that time.However with the progress & development of botanical science,several hundreds of new/unknown plants were discovered & added to Materiamedica. The characters & properties described in literature became overlapping & impracticable for many plants. This lacuna coupled with drawbacks created much confusion in the proper identification of drugs mentioned in Ayurveda.Oneof the difficult problems encountered today is the use of several species under same name, these species are claimed to posses similar therapeutic efficacy.Suchdrugs are today named as ‘SandigdhaDravyas (Controversial drugs).
Pashanabheda is an important Ayurvedic drug used in Indian system of medicine. The different parts of plants either used singly or in combination as frontline therapeutic agents for pathologies, where urine flow is obstructed partially (Mutrakricchra) or completely (Mutraghata)as mentioned in Caraka Samita1,Sushruta Samita2, Astanga Hridaya.3It has properties likeMootrala, Ashmaribhedanaused to treat Dysuria, Cough, Cardiac diseases etc assaid in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu.4
The drugs listed in Brihatrayee, in spite of its manifold uses the drug remains Controversial because of several plants are used & sold under the name of Pashanabheda in different parts of Country.5
The drugs which helps in easy & proper excretion of urine are MootraVirecaniya in classics.6,7That which promotes the production of urine is Mootrala.8AcharyaYadavjiTrikamjiAcharya has clearly equated MootralaMutravirechanambased on evidence in classics. Mutravirechanam or Mootrala karma can be equated with pharmacological activity of Diuresis in contemporary medical science.9
The substance that increases the rate of urine volume output are said to beDiuretics.10These drugs generally used in the treatment of Oedema, Hypertension and Congestive Heart Failure (CHF), Nephritis, Toxemia and other UTI disorders. The reestablishment of certain herbal drugs, with a marked Diuretic effect without threatening complications will present an opportunity for the physicians to help patients to minimize their reliance upon more dangerous NSAIDs and other synthetic Diuretic drugs.
In this context the drug pashanabheda, described as Mootrala in BhavaprakashaNighantu may satisfy the need of the day.4Many plants are being used as Pashanabheda, botanically more than ten sources are used as Pashanabheda. However the API & DATABASE ON MEDICINAL PLANTS describedBerginiaciliataas the official botanical source plant.11,12 As per Ayurvedic formulary part 1 published by Govt. of India; Bergeniaciliata is accepted as genuine pashanabedha.11HoweverAervalanata(Linn) Juss. Ex. SchultBryophyllumpinnatum (lam) okenare used by traditional Vaidya’s in South & North Indian respectively.13 And Aervalanata(Linn) Juss. Ex. Schultis considered as substitute forBerginia ligulata5 which is not available and Bryophyllumpinnatum (lam) oken.is available everywhere & easily.Hence With this perspective, the work will be carried out critically to assess the comparative mootrala effect of two sources used as Pashanabheda(Aervalanata.(Linn) Juss. Ex. SchultBryophyllumpinnatum (lam) oken).
6.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Diuresis is a therapeutic modality to treat Edematous conditions like Congestive Heart Failure, Hypertension, Pregnancy Toxemia, Ascites, Nephritic syndrome and some conditions of acute or chronic renal failure in conventional medical science.14
Diuretics bring about physiological alterations like Electrolyte disequilibrium, Metabolic alkalosis, Acidosis and Hyperuricemia, leading to acute medical emergencies like Hypotension, Stroke, Arrhythmia, Seizures, Coma and Chronic conditions like Gout, Tissue calcification, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Depression, Pancreatitis and Breast cancer.15It is also used in the treatment of Pulmonary Congestion & play vital role in Pregnancy and Premenstrual tension. Presently in the market synthetic diuretics are available which are having significant side effects. These synthetic Diuretics significantly inhibit K+ secretion and leads to K+ retention.16Anatural source serves as an additional source for the development of new diuretic agents because of their biological activity. Several plant sources used as diuretics in different systems of traditional medicine likeAyurveda.
Among the Brihatrayees, Charaka has mentioned Pasanabheda in MootraVirecaniyamahakashaya in sutra sthana.7Bhavaprakasha Nighantu4 & Madanapala17, Raja18Priya19Nighantu describeits properties i,eKashayaTiktaRasa,Laghu,SnigdhaTikshnaGuna,KatuVipaka,Mootrala,BasthiShodaka, Ashmaribhedakaindicated in diseases like Asmari, Mootrakricchra, Vrana, Mootravikara, Tamakashwasaetc& same supported by P.V.Sharma.5 In the medieval period, many sources were identified for a single drug by scholars and they claimed good therapeutic activity.
Many plants are being used as Pashanabheda, Botanically more than ten sources are used as Pashanabheda. They are: 1.Bergenialigulata. (Saxifragraceae), 2.Coleus aromaticus.(Lamiaceae), 3.Bryophyllumpinnatum.(Crassulaceae), 4.Aervalanata.(Amaranthaceae), 5.Aervajavanica.(Amaranthaceae) 6.Ammaniabacifera.(Lythraceae) 7.Rotulaaquatica.(Boraginaceae), 8.Brideliamontana.(Euphorbiaceae), 9.Homania riporia Lour. (Euphorbiaceae), 10.Ocimumbasillicum. (Labiate).13,20
Different sources are used for these plants which lead to controversy and created confusion among AyurvedicVaidyas.Hence in order to clear controversies aComparative Mootrala effect of Pashanabheda with two sources are taken up. Two sources of pashanabheda in the study are:
- Botanical Name:Aervalanata(Linn) Juss. Ex. Schult.
Family: Amaranthaceae
Chemical composition: Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Steroids, Polysaccharides, Tannin,
Saponins.21
- Botanical Name:Bryophyllumpinnatum(lam) oken.
Family: Crassulaceae
Chemical constituents:Bryophyllol, Bryophollenone, Bryophynol & two homologous
Phenanthrenederivaties, 2(9-decenyl)-Phenanthrene (1) &
2(undecenyl)-Phenanthrene (2).22
PREVIOUS WORKS DONE:
- ChaturvediAnupama- Kankola ka svaroopatmakaevamgunakarmatmaka
adhyayanamootravahasrotogatavyadhikesandharbhamein.(2003).23
- RaoThimalgins-Mootrala karma with TrunaPanchamoolakashaya &
Pashanabheda, Gujarat Ayurveda University Jamnagar (1965).23
3. Avasthi J P- Pashanabhedavinishchayavignana,p- 24. NIA, Jaipur(1984).23
4. Dubey SD- Studies on Sitvarka its Diuretic & Lithotriptic activity, Banaras Hindu
University,Varnasi,(1977).23
5. MishraUmapati- Madhumehaja-VrikkavikarameinMootraVirechaniya
Kashayake prabhava ka adhyayanna, BHU Varnasi,(1979).23
6. Chava R K – Studies on MootralaDravyas w.s.r. to Tamakashwasa Jamnagar-
(1988).23
7. Murthy akurama- Diuretit effect of Trianthemaprotulacastrum (vaishakha),
BHU, Varnasi-(1993).23
8. Experimental evaluation of Pashanabhedaw.s.r to Ashmarihara
property,Koppa, ALN Rao Memorial Ayurveda Medical College,
RGUHS,(2004).23
9. Rathod S P- A Study of Parnabeeja(Kalanchoepinnatum)w.s.r to its Vranaghna
Raktastambaka properties.Government Ayurvedic College Kerala.
Thiruvanantapuram.(1992).23
10. LakmidharBarik- Studies on Serum & Urinary electrolytes in Urolithiasis under
the influence of Pashanabheda (Bryophyllumpinnatum), Varnasi. BHU.(1996).23
11. Narmita M- Study of KassesaBhasmaw.s.r to its Diuretics activity. Government
AyurvedicCollege Kerela.Tiruvanantapuram.(1992).23
12. Bevin A. Clare, M.S, Richard S. Conroy, Ph.D, Kevin Spelman, Ph.D.(Cand.)
Diuretic effect in human subjects of an extract of TaraxacumofficinaleFolium
over a single day.24
13. Comparison of Diuretic activity of Ethanolic extract of Aervalanata(linn)
juss. ex. schultAervatomentosaforsk. Family; Amaranthaceae.
Deepak kumar, D. N. Prasad, & S. P. Bhatnagar. M Shivalik,
College of Pharmacy, Nangal, Ropar.140126. Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences,b.i.t., Mesra, Ranchi, 835215.25
14. Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review on
Bryophyllum pinnataAnuradha K. Prasad, Shankul Kumar, S.V.Iyer, Rahul
J. Sudaniand S.K.Vaidy. GHB pharmacy College, Aniyad, (Gujrat). India.26
15. Diuretic property of aqueous extract of leaves of Mimosa pudica
Linn.on Experimental albino rats. TultulKoksiSangma, UshamDharmaraj
Meitei, Rita Sanjenbam,SharatchandraKhumbongmayum. Pharmacy
College. New Delhi.27
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
- To evaluate the diureticactivity(Mootrala karma) ofAervalanata(Linn) Juss. Ex. SchultBryophyllumpinnatum(lam) okenby Experimental & Clinical study.
- To compare the Mootrala karma ofAervalanata(Linn) Juss. Ex. SchultBryophyllumpinnatum(lam) oken.
- To carry out Analytical study ofAervalanata(Linn) Juss. Ex. Schult Bryophyllumpinnatum(lam) oken.
7.0. Materials and Methods
7.1Source of Data
- Botanically identified genuine two sources of Pashanabheda (Aervalanata (Linn) Juss. Ex. SchultpanchangaBryophyllumpinnatum(lam) okenpatra) will be procuredfrom herbal garden of SDMAC Hassan & Kerala.
- PaniyaKwatha of two sources will be prepared as per the classical references.28
- Sources of animal: From well-established animal house at the animal house attached to S.D.M Centre for Research in Ayurveda and Allied Sciences, Udupi, Karnataka.
Source of the Volunteers
Healthy volunteers will be selected randomly after subjecting them for thorough clinical examinationfrom SDMCollege of AyurvedaHospital,Hassan.
Preparation of Medicine
Paniyakwatha will be prepared from thetwo sources of Pashanabheda(Aervalanata(Linn) Juss. Ex. SchultpanchangaBryophyllumpinnatum(lam) okenpatra).28
Place of Work
(a)Medicine will be prepared at Dept of DravyaGuna SDM College of Ayurveda
& Hospital, Hassan.
(b)Experimental study- In the animal house atSDM College of AyurvedaUdupi.
(c)Clinical study will be conducted at SDM College of Ayurveda & HospitalHassan.
7.2. Method of Collection of Data
- Pharmacognostic study of test drug.
- Preliminary Phytochemical evaluation for detection of Alkaloids, Tannins etc.
- Animals: Male and female Wistar albino rats with a body weight between 150g to 250g, bred in the animal house at SDM College of AyurvedaUdupi,were used as experimental animals. Rats were selected and grouped into 4 groups. Each group comprising of 6 rats.
- Healthy volunteers will be selected randomly of both sexes between the age group of 18 to 30 years from the SDM College of Ayurveda & Hospital. Totally 30 healthy volunteers will be selected for the study by purposivesampling method following inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Study design:
A)Collected samples of two sources of “PASHANABHEDA” (Aervalanata (Linn) Juss. Ex. SchultpanchangaBryophyllumpinnatum(lam) oken leaves) will be subjected to following procedure:
- Identification, Collection & Authentication of Pashanabheda: (Aervalanata (Linn) Juss. Ex.SchultpanchangapaniyakwathaBryophyllumpinnatum(lam) oken leavespaniya)
- Pharmacognostic study of ‘Pashanabheda’
a)Macroscopic Study
b)Microscopic Study
c)Physicochemical study of ‘Padhanabheda’
d)Moisture content
e)Ash value
f)Acid soluble/insoluble ash
g)Water soluble/insoluble ash
- Different solvent extraction
a)Aqueous extract
b)Alcoholic extract
- Qualitative analysis by instrumental method
a)H.P.T.L.C
- Organoleptic & preliminary phytochemical analysis of Paniyakwatha.
B) A pilot study will be conducted.
C) Animal study will be conducted as follows:
Male and female Wistar albino rats with a body weight between 150g to 250g, bred in the animal house at SDM College of AyurvedaUdupi, were used as experimental animals. Rats were selected and grouped into 4 groups. Each group comprising of 6 rats. Fifteen hours prior to the experiment, food & water are withdrawn.
Each rat in each group is placed in separate cages and is fed with control, standard and trial drug. Control group is fed with gum acacia solution. 24 h urine sample will be collected and measured. Urine collected in 2 trial group are compared with each other, with control and standard group.
Inclusive criteria:
1. Healthy albino rats of either sex were taken for the study.
2. Weighing about 150- 200g
Exclusive criteria:
1. Less than 150 g and more than 250g
2. Pregnant and diseased rats
3. Rats which are under trial of other experiments.
Drugs:
Test drugs: a) Pashanabheda(Aervalanata(Linn) Juss. Ex. Schult panchanga.
b) Bryophyllumpinnatum (lam) okenpatra.
Route of administration: Oral
Duration of study: 1 day
Assessment criteria:
- 24 h urine sample is collected.
- Volume of urine will be measured and compared.
- Urine sample is analyzed for sodium, potassium and chloride.
- Each analysis is compared with control group.
- Total 24 rats are taken for the study,grouped into 4 groups. Each group comprising of 6 rats.
No. / Group / No. of Rats / Drug used
1. / Control group / 6 / Gum acacia solution
2. / Standard group / 6 / Frusemide
3. / Trial group(A) / 6 / Aervalanata(Linn) Juss. Ex. Schultpanchangapaniya
4. / Trial group(B) / 6 / Bryophyllumpinnatum (lam) okenpatrapaniya
Dose selection :
Dose calculation:
Sharangadhara recommended 2 paladose for kashaya. Paniya is one among the type of kashaya28, sohuman dose of Aushadha/ BhesajaSiddhaPaniya is 2 pala, i,e1 pala = 48ml (48 x 2= 96ml). Rat dose is calculated by using standard conversion method ( Paget and Barnes - 1964)(Laurence and Bacharach – Pharmacometrics).29 Rat dose/kg=Human dose×0.018×5.
D) Clinical study will be conducted as follows:30 Healthy volunteers will be studied under 2groups, group ‘A’ &‘B’, with15 in eachgroup.
Group / No. Patients / Drugs / Dose/DayA(Trial Group) / 15 / Paniyakwatha of Aervalanata / 96ml
B (Trial Group) / 15 / Paniyakwatha of Bryophyllumpinnatum. / 96ml
Aushadhasiddhapaniya of respective sourceswill be given muhurmuhu28 once in a hour.
Type of study
Clinico-expiremental study.
Inclusion Criteria
- Healthy volunteers of age group 18-30 years of both sexes.
Exclusion Criteria
- Volunteers of age group below 18 years and above 30 years.
- Volunteers suffering from any kind of ailments like Congestive Cardiac Failure,
Oedema, Hypertension, Diabetic Mellitus, Diabetic Insipidus, BPH,kidney
Disorders,Calculus etc. were excluded from the study.
3. Volunteers on any kind of medications or supplements or any other drugs.
Assessment Criteria:
Objective Parameters:
Investigations:
Physical characteristics:
- Volume
- Frequency
- Specific gravity
- PH
- Colour
Other Investigations if necessary.
Results will be analyzed by statistical method (Students t-test and if required ANNOVA test followed by Dunnet’smultiple‘t’ test as post hoc.)
7.3 Does the study require any investigations intervention to be conducted?
On patients or other animals?
-‘YES’.
1.Investigation- pH, Specific gravity of Human samples.
2. Electrolytes- Na+, K+Cl-of Animal sample.
7.4 Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution?
-‘ YES’.
8. LIST OF REFERENCES
1. Sharma RK, Dash VB.Editor, CharakaSamhita of Agnivesa with English translation.
Varanasi:ChaukambhaSanskrit Series office; 2009. vol 4. P.482,487,489.
2. Murthy SKR. Editor, SushrutaSamhita of Sushruta with English translation.2nded.
Varanasi: ChaukambhaOrientali; 2005.vol 2. p.342.
3. Murthy SKR. Editor, AstangaHridaya of Vagbatha.vol 2 ,1st,Varanasi: Krishnadas
Academy;1992, p.185.
4. Mishra SB. editor. BhavaprakashaNighantuof BhavaMishra, 10thed.
Varanasi: Chaukambha Sanskrit Samsthan; 2002.P.105.
5. Sharma PV. DravyaGunaVijnanaVaranasi: ChaukhambhaBharati
Academy;vol 5.1998.p.189-197.
6. Sharma PV. DravyaGunaVijnana. Varanasi: ChaukhambhaBharati
Academy;Vol 1.2002. P.301.
7. Atmajain TV. Editor, CharakaSamhita of ChakrapaniVirachita. New Delhi: Rastriya
Sanskrit Samsthan;Reprint.2006. p.31,33.
8. Bahadur RRD. Shabdhakalpadruma.2nded.Varanasi:
Chaukambha Sanskrit Saroj office;3rd part.P.756.
9. Acharya YT – DravyagunaVijnanam 6th ed.Nagpur: Sri BaidhyanathAyurvedBhavan
Limited; – 1983,page.52.
10. Hall EJ. Editor. Medicinal Physiologyof Guyton & Hall.12thed, Elsevier a
division of reed Elsevier Indian Pvt Ltd; P.397.
11. SharmaPC,YelneM B,DennisT J. Database on medicinal plants used in Ayurveda.
Newdelhi: CCRAS; vol1. P.348-354.
12. Government of India,Department of AYUSH. The thin layer chromatographic atlas of
Ayurvedicpharmacopoeialdrugs. 1sed. New Delhi. Ministry of Health & Family
Welfare, part 1, vol 1.P-113.
13. Vaidya B. Some Controversial Drugs in Indian Medicine.1st ed. Varanasi:
ChaukambhaOrientalia; 1982.P.3.
14. Boron, Walter f. (2004). Medical Physiology: a cellular and molecular approach.
Elsevier/ Saunders.ISBN 1-4160-2328-3.page. 875.
15. Largent JA,Mceligot AJ, Ziogas A, Reid, Hess J, Leighton N, Peel DAnton-Culver H.
Hypertension, Diuretics and Breast Cancer risk Journal of Human Hypertension (2006)
20, page.727–732.
16.Danamma B, Kumari KA, Goud BJ, Basha SN. Diuretic activity and study of
biochemicalParameters in the methanol extract of Hibiscus esculentus (okra) fresh
fruits. InternationalJournal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences.I.J.P.B.S 2011;
1(3):160-169.
17. Vaidya RP. Editor.MadanapalaNighantu. Mumbai: Kemaraj Sri Krishnadas
Prakashan; 1990.P.38.
18. Tripati ID. Raja Nighantu.1st ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas academy;
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19. Sharma PV. PriyaNighantu. 1st ed. Varanasi: ChaukhambaSurabharati
Prakashan; 1983.P.78.
20. Dixit VK. ContoversialAyurvedic Herbs. Journal of advanced Pharmaceutical
Technology & Research.JAdvPharm Tech Res 2011; 2(2):78-80.
21. Rajesh R, Chitra K, Paarakh PM. Aervalanata(Linn)Juss. exSchult. - An overview.
Indian Journal of Natural Products & Resources: I.J.N.P.R 2011; 1:5-9.
22. Nawali BU, Okaka ANC, Ibiam UA, Aja PM. Phytochemical Composition
ofBryophyllumpinnatum leaves. International Journal of advanced
Biological Research: I.J.A.B.R 2012; 2:614-616.
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&Sales; 2005.p.122, p. 24, p.120, p. 68, p.68, p.26, p.69, p.200, p.153, p.83, p.155.
24. Clare BA, Conroy, RS, Spelman K. The Diuretic Effect in Human Subjects of an Extract
of TaraxacumofficinaleFolium over a Single Day. J Altern Complement Med 2009;
:929-934.
25. Kumar M, Prasad DN, Bhatnagar S.Comparision of Diuretic activity of
ethanolic extract of Aervalanata (linn.) juss. ex. schultAerva
tomentosaforsk. Family: Amaranthaceae. Ancient Science of Life 2005; XXV:66- 68.
26. Prasad AK, Kumar S, Iyer SV, Rahul J Sudani and S.k. Vaidya. Pharmacognostical,
Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review on Bryophyllumpinnata. International
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27. Sangma TK, Meitei UD, Sanjenbam RV, Khumbongmayum S. Diuretic property of
aqueous extract of leaves of Mimosa pudica Linn. on experimental albino rats. Journal of
Natural Products 2010; 3:172-178.
28. Rao P G.BhaisajayaKalpanavignanam.New Delhi: chaukhamba publication; 2008.
P.140,146.
29. Paget G. E. and Barnes J. M. Toxicity studies.In Evaluation of drug activities and
Pharmacometrics.Lawrence D. R. and Bacharach A. L. (Eds.) Vol. 1. New York,
Academic press, 1964.P. 135-165.
9. Signature of the Candidate:
10. Remarks of Guide:
11. Name and Designation of
(IN BLOCK LETTERS)
11.1 Guide :DR. PRAKASH L.HEGDE, MD , Ph.D(Ayu)
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR & HOD
DEPT. OF P.G. STUDIES IN DRAVYAGUNA
S.D.M.C.A, HASSAN.
11.2 signature:
11.3 Co-Guide:MR. SUDHAKARM.Sc. (Medical Pharmacology)
RESEARCH OFFICER,
S.D.M CENTRE FOR RESEARCH IN
AYURVEDA & ALLIED SCIENCES, UDUPI.
Remarks:
11.4 Signature:
11.5 Head of the Department :DR. PRAKASH L.HEGDEMD, Ph.D. (AYU)
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR & HOD
DEPT. OF P.G. STUDIES IN DRAVYAGUNA
S.D.M.C.A, HASSAN
Remarks:
11.6 Signature:
12.1 Remarks of the
Chairman and Principal:
12.2 Principal:DR. PRASANNA N. RAOM.S. (AYU), PhD (AYU)
S.D.M.COLLEGE OF AYURVEDA &
HOSPITAL, HASSAN – 573 201
12.3 Signature: