Cell Transport Silent Tea Party
1. What is Diffusion?
Movement of particles or molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
2. What is Osmosis?
Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
3. What is a Selectively pemeable membrane?
A membrane that allows certain materials to pass through, but not others
4. What is an Equilibrium?
The condition that exists in system when there is a relatively equal distribution of a particular molecule
5. What is Hypertonic?
A solution that has a higher concentration of solutes than another.
6. What is Hypotonic?
A solution that has a lower concentration of solutes than another.
7. What is Isotonic?
Two solutions that have an equal concentration of solutes.
8. What is Solute?
substance that is dissolved in a solution
9. What is a Solvent?
the liquid that contains the dissolved solute in a solution.
10. What does the Cell Membrane do?
regulates and controls what enters or leaves the cell
11. What is Facilitated Diffusion?
Use of carrier PROTEINS for diffusion, does not require energy for a molecule to travel across the membrane
Moves molecules from high to low solute concentration
12. What is Active Transport?
movement of molecules or ion into or out of the cell against its concentration gradient (from low to high) and requires an input of energy.
13. What is Endocytosis?
movement of substances into the cell by creating a new vacuole at the cell membrane. requires energy.
14. What is Exocytosis?
movement of substances out of a cell by merging a vacuole with the cell membrane. requires energy.
15. What is a dynamic equilibrium?
Result of diffusion where there is continuous movement of particles but no overall change in concentration
16. What is turgor pressure?
the pressure that is exerted on the inside of cell walls and that is caused by the movement of water into the cell
17. What is a Phospholipid?
molecule that makes up cell membranes. It has a hydrophilic "head" and two hydrophobic "tails".
18. What is Hydrophilic?
water loving. substances that easily mix with water.
19. What is Hydrophobic?
water hating. substances that will not mix with water.
20. What is a Transport Protein?
Proteins within the cell membrane that function to move substances into or out of the cell.
21. What is Passive Transport?
molecules move with the concentration gradient from high to low concentration NO energy required.
22. What are the Types of Passive Transport?
Diffusion, Osmosis and Facilitated Diffusion
23. What are the Types of Types of Active Transport?
Endocytosis (phagocytosis and pinocytosis)
Exocytosis, and Protein Pumps - Lower Concentration to Higher Concentration
24. What is a Membrane pump?
These transport from low to high concentration
Requiring the expenditure of energy (ATP). Proteins in the cell membrane.(Sodium-Potassium Pump)
25. What is phagocytosis?
"Cell eating" a type of endocytosis in which large substances or small organisms are taken up by a cell. It's carried out by some protists and by certain immune cells of animals.
26. What is pinocytosis?
Cellular "drinking"; a type of endocytosis in which the cell takes fluid and dissolved solutes into small membranous vesicles.
27. What is fluid mosaic model?
the currently accepted model of cell membrane structure, which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.
28. What is plasmolysis?
a phenomenon in walled cells in which the cytoplasm shrivels and the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall; occurs when the cell loses water to a hypertonic environment
29. What is a sodium-potassium pump?
a transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that actively transports 3 sodium out of the cell an 2 potassium into the cell
30. What is a concentration gradient?
a region along which the density of a chemical substance increases or decreases.
31. What is a Carrier protein?
an embedded protein that helps a certain type of substance to cross the membrane
32. What is diffusion?
the movement of a substance down its concentration, from a region where it is more concentrated to a region where it is less concentrated.
33. What is a concentration gradient?
a region along which the concentration of a substance increases or decreases.
34. What is passive transport?
the diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane with no expenditure of energy
35. What is ATP?
the molecule that provides energy for cellular processes by breaking a bond
36. What is the sodium-potassium pump?
A special transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their concentration gradients.
37. What is a hypotonic solution?
contains less solute concentration than the cell; water will tend to enter the cell and swell it
38. What is ahypertonic solution?
when a cell is placed in a solution and the concentration of the solute outside of the cell is higher than it is inside
39. iWhat is an isotonic solution?
A solution in which the concentration of solutes is essentially equal to that of the cell which resides in the solution