Use the Quotation to Answer Question P-2

USE THE QUOTATION TO ANSWER QUESTION 1

The state is no more than the sum of all the individual people in it. Its only purpose should be to do what its people want done. The government should be the servant of the people, not their master.

..... 20th century economist.

1. Which political and economic value is supported by this quotation?

A. Authoritarian

B. Collectivism

C. Individualism

D. Egalitarian

USE THE POLITICAL VIEWS TO ANSWER QUESTION 2

EXPRESSION OF POLITICAL VIEWS

" I will support substantial change if it is legally accomplished."

" I am more inclined to change than to 'stay put'."

" I will tolerate some disorder to promote individual freedom."

" I am optimistic and trusting about human nature."

2. The political views expressed are most characteristic of a

A. conservative.

B. liberal.

C. radical.

D. reactionary

3. "To express thoughts and opinions freely is one of the most precious rights of man." This opinion places the highest priority on

A. collectivism.

B. individualism.

C. citizenship.

D. justice.

USE THE CARTOON TO ANSWER QUESTION 4

4. The individual in the cartoon could best be described as a

A. radical.

B. reactionary.

C. liberal.

D. progressive.

5. The belief that societal change is necessary for a state to return to its past glory is most closely associated with the ideology of

A.  communism

B.  socialism

C.  fascism

D.  liberalism

USE THE STATEMENT TO ANSWER QUESTION 6

Respect for the dignity of the individual is of the utmost importance -- a respect that requires equal rights and justice in law and society and an acceptance of the will of the majority as long as that will operates under the law, with respect for the rights and interests of minorities.

6. The values inherent in this statement would be most strongly supported by

A. collectivists

B. classical conservatives

C. fascists

D. liberals

7. In modern democracies, voters on the political 'left' commonly regard voters on the political 'right' as

A. radical.

B. liberal.

C. progressive.

D. conservative.

USE THE INFORMATION TO ANSWER QUESTIONS 8

An individual holds the following political and economic views:

·  citizens should follow the will of the group.

·  significant change is required to bring society back to its neglected traditions and values.

·  economic activity must reflect national goals.

·  all people must accept that a basic and natural inequality exists among races and individuals.

8. These views would be found at what point on the following political spectrum?

left wing right wing

_____|______| ______|______|______

point I point II point III point IV

A. Point I.

B. Point II.

C. Point III.

D. Point IV.

USE THE DIAGRAM TO ANSWER QUESTIONS 9

9. Which ideology would be best represented at Point I on the spectrum?

A. Fascism.

B. Communism.

C. Social democracy.

D. Classical liberalism.

USE THE CHARACTERISTIC TO ANSWER QUESTIONS 10 and 11

Characteristics associated with positions on the political spectrum

POSITION I: * is willing to change the existing system with progressive reforms.
* respects the concept of law and attempts to change it through legal means.
* remains optimistic about people's ability to solve their own problems.
* maintains faith in human reason and basic equality.

POSITION II: * supports policies that will return society to a previous time, condition or value system.
* proposes retrogressive change to the status quo.
* advocates any means of restoring society to a former state ( either violent or nonviolent ).
* reflects extreme dissatisfaction with existing institutions.

POSITION III: * favours immediate and fundamental progressive change to the existing system.
* indicates varying degrees of dissatisfaction with the status quo.
* argues that revolution ( violent or nonviolent ) is the only way to effect change in society.
* challenges the basic values and institutions underlying society.

POSITION IV: *supports the status quo and advocates very little change to existing systems.
* places great emphasis on the importance of maintaining traditional values and institutions.
* has an essentially cautious view of people's ability to reason and solve problems.
* favours less control over the individual and opposes governmental remedies to society's inequities.

10. Position I reflects the characteristics associated with a

A. conservative.

B. reactionary.

C. liberal.

D. radical.

11. If you were to arrange these positions on the political spectrum from the extreme left to the extreme right, what would the correct order be?

A. Position II, Position IV, Position I, Position III.

B. Position III, Position I, Position IV, Position II.

C.  Position I, Position II, Position IV, Position III.

D.  Position IV, Position III, Position II, Position I.

USE THE CARTOON TO ANSWER QUESTIONS 12 and 13

12. The speaker in the cartoon is advising caution about

A. preserving the status quo.

B. reforming the political order.

C. maintaining existing traditions.

D. revising revolutionary ideologies.

13. The speaker in the cartoon can best be described as a

A. radical.

B. reactionary.

C. liberal.

D. conservative.

USE THE SOURCE TO ANSWER QUESTIONS 14

An individual holds the following political and economic views:

* Citizens should follow the will of the leader.

* Significant change is required to bring society back to its original traditions and values.

* Economic activity must reflect state goals.

* Citizens must accept that natural inequality exists among races and individuals.

14. To most Canadians, these views would be considered

A. liberal.

B. reactionary.

C. moderate.

D. conservative.

USE THE FOLLOWING SOURCES TO ANSWER QUESTIONS 15 to 17

Source I

A Political Spectrum

Liberals Conservatives

Radicals Moderates Reactionaries

l

The Future ------l------The Past

Left Wing l Right Wing

The Radical is quite impatient and would strongly support a revolution to bring about rapid, massive, progressive change.

The Liberal is ready to move forward and accept change but would be considered a reformer rather than a revolutionary.

The Conservative is generally satisfied with things the way they are and would maintain the status quo.

The Reactionary desires fundamental change but wants to return to the past and restore the order of times remembered.

Source II

15. An individual's position on the political spectrum shown in Source I is determined mainly by his or her

A. opinions about allowing special interest groups to influence government decisions.

B. beliefs about the amount of government intervention needed in economic affairs.

C. ideas regarding the role and power of individual citizens in a political system.

D. attitudes toward, and acceptance of, fundamental change in society.

16. Individuals who hold the extreme positions on the political spectrum in Source I share the belief that

A. substantial change is necessary for society to move in a desired direction.

B. violent revolution is a viable option to bring about effective change in society.

C. moderate change is needed to ensure that society continues as directed by the government.

D. sudden change is necessary to make society more equitable for individual citizens.

17. According to the definition of the term "the radical" and the placement of radicals on the spectrum in Source I, the term "right-wing radicalism" in Source II should be more accurately worded as

A. right-wing reaction.

B. left-wing socialism.

C. left-wing liberalism.

D. right- wing libertarian.

USE THE FOLLOWING SOURCES TO ANSWER QUESTION 18

18. The comment made by the speaker in the cartoon and the content of Source II represent, respectively, moderate and extreme versions of

A.  liberalism

B.  radicalism

C.  socialism

D.  conservatism

USE THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION TO ANSWER QUESTIONS 19 to 21

The characteristics listed below are associated with different positions on the political spectrum

Position I

·  Is willing to change the existing system through progressive reforms

·  Respects the concept of law and attempts to change it through legal means

·  Remains optimistic about people’s ability to solve their own problems

·  Maintains faith in human reason and basic equality

Position II

·  Supports policies that will return society to a previous time, condition, or value system

·  Proposes retrogressive change to the status quo

·  Advocates any means (violent or non-violent) of restoring society to a former state

·  Reflects extreme dissatisfaction with existing institutions

Position III

·  Favours immediate and fundamental progressive change to the existing system

·  Indicates varying degrees of dissatisfaction with the status quo

·  Argues that revolution (violent or non-violent) is the only way to effect change in society

·  Challenges the basic values and institutions underlying society

Position IV

·  Supports the status quo and advocates very little change to existing systems

·  Places great emphasis on the importance of maintaining ‘traditional’ values and institutions

·  Has an essentially cautious view of people’s ability to reason and solve problems

·  Favours less control over individuals and opposes governmental remedies to society’s inequities

19. The opposite ends of the political spectrum are represented by

A.  positions I and II

B.  positions II and III

C.  positions I and IV

D.  positions III and IV

20. On the political spectrum, Position III would be located

A.  on the extreme left

B.  somewhat left of center

C.  somewhat right of center

D.  on the extreme right

21. Position II reflects the characteristics usually associated with individuals labeled as

A.  liberal

B.  radical

C.  reactionary

D.  conservative

______

22. Extreme political right-wing reactionaries and left-wing radicals would agree with which of the following aspects of societal change?

A.  Change is needed to improve the lives of the economically disadvantaged

B.  Political power and authority must eventually rest in the hands of all citizens

C.  Violence may be necessary if there are forces that resist proposed changes

D.  A new society must eliminate all traditional elements of the society it has replaced

USE THE OPINIONS TO ANSWER QUESTIONS 23 to 25

SPEAKER 1
We must pursue a society that frees the competitive nature of its citizens, encourages their initiative, and permits technical advances necessary to economic growth.

SPEAKER 2
We must aim for the progress of all through an end to class conflict. By placing production in a vast association of the whole nation the apparatus of the state shall eventually disappear.

SPEAKER 3
We must follow our leader's national goals of military and economic strength through conquest to achieve a strong, unified, and well organized society.

SPEAKER 4
We must, through consensus, reform our social environment to allow citizens to develop their potentials and to reach equitable material comforts in a co-operative society.

23. The speaker who would most strongly encourage individualism over the collective good is

A. Speaker 1.

B. Speaker 2.

C. Speaker 3.

D. Speaker 4.

24. Which issue are the speakers addressing?

A. Is it desirable for a nation to encourage economic growth or national prestige?

B. Is it desirable for a nation to pursue goals of national self-determination or prosperity.

C. Should the organization of society allow for individual freedom or state control?

D. Should the organization of society allow for traditions to be preserved in the face of pressures for change.

25. The diversity of the speakers' opinions best supports the generalization that

A. there are many different causes of historical events.

B. society can be advanced through state control of its citizens.

C. there are many different ways individuals interpret their political and economic environments.

D. society can be hindered by strict government regulation of the market-place.

______

26. Which ideology, in theory, allows individuals the most freedom in buying and selling private property?

A. Fascism.

B. Socialism.

C. Capitalism.

D. Communism.

USE THE POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC VIEWS TO ANSWER QUESTION 27

·  I believe government should be chosen by popular vote

·  I believe free university education should be available to everyone

·  I believe inequalities of income must be eliminated

27. The views expressed above are characteristic of a

A. communist

B. capitalist

C.  fascist

D. liberal

28. In which of the following situations is the value of economic individualism most clearly evident?

A. A worker receives government unemployment insurance benefits during a layoff

B. A worker invests his savings by purchasing stock in a company listed on the stock exchange.

C. A factory worker helps to determine the manner in which the factory's profits will be used.

D. A collective farm worker is allowed a plot of land to grow vegetables to supplement the family diet.

USE THE INFORMATION TO ANSWER QUESTIONS 29 and 30

An individual holds the following political and economic views:
**That the existing political and legal authority is exploitive and tyrannical
**That all major industries should be owned by the government
**That the status quo is oppressive and bourgeois
**That "private property is theft".

29. To most Canadians, the above views would be considered

A. liberal.

B. radical.

C. reactionary.

D. conservative.

30. An individual holding the above views would be placed at what point on the following political spectrum?

Left Wing Right Wing

___*______*______|______*______*__

Point I Point II Point III Point IV

A. Point I.

B. Point II.

C. Point III.

D. Point IV.

______

31. At which point would you most likely find a laissez-faire capitalist?

left wing right wing

____*______* ______* ______* ____

point I point II point III point IV

A. Point I.

B. Point II.

C. Point III.

D. Point IV.

USE THE OPINION TO ANSWER QUESTIONS 32

Great wealth favours the status quo and supports the political party in power that maintains it, no matter how unpopular that party may be. Great wealth rarely exerts itself for reform, for it instinctively fears change.

32. The speaker implies that the political views of those possessing "great wealth" would most likely be

A. liberal.

B. radical.

C. anarchistic.

D. conservative.

USE THE INFORMATION BELOW TO ANSWER QUESTIONS 33

ISSUE: Should governments emphasize the goals of the common good in their economies?