History 30: Canada & Confederation

History 30: Canada & Confederation

1. American Civil War (1861-65)
The ______was a conflict of armies and ideals. The armies of the ______fought against the ______. The war broke out because southern states like Alabama, Louisiana, Georgia, etc. resented interference in their affairs by the northern states. The main source of tension between the two sides was the issue of ______and incorporating new states in to the union. Northern states did not want new states to practice slavery. Southern states wanted new states to have the option. A compromise was reached: slavery was allowed in new states below the so-called ______.

The South was concerned the North was stacking the odds in favor of eventually ______slavery altogether. So the South rebelled in an attempt to maintain their economic and political systems which heavily depended upon slavery. People who wanted to abolish slavery were called abolitionists.

The elite of Britain supported the South while the common people in England supported the North. The South actually counted on getting direct support from either France or Britain in order to achieve independence. Britain did not intervene on the side of the South; however, the ______nearly brought England and the North in to a state of war. The North, consequently, turned its gaze northward to Canada as a potential target to direct its armies following the end of the Civil War.

The Trent Affair
The ______(a Union ship) intercepted a British vessel called the ______. The Jacinto seized two Confederate diplomats sailing on the Trent bound for ______. The British government demanded an apology for this insult to their honor. Britain took steps to strengthen its military forces on Canada. ______did not want to risk war so he released the two diplomats. The Confederacy failed in their efforts to gain British financial and military support.

Influence of the Civil War on Canada
The various colonies of ______were encouraged by Britain to form in to a single country. England hoped their North American colonies would be able to ______better if they confederated.

______is the union of political units for common action in relation to other groups. Confederation is usually achieved initially through a treaty but later through the adoption of a shared ______.

2. The End of Reciprocity
Between 1854-65 British North America and the United States had a free trade agreement called the ______. This agreement allowed for the ______and services over the ______. Britain’s support of the South during the Civil War influenced the American decision to end ______. The end of the treaty meant factories in Canada were suddenly cut off from American markets. This hurt the economy of the British North American colonies; therefore, England encouraged these colonies to increase ______between the various British colonies.

The Canadian Solution to the End of Reciprocity
When the colonies of British North America joined together the economy changed from a ______to an east-west one. This meant there were more opportunities inside Canada to make money, access markets, grow the economy, etc. Canada also depended heavily upon trade with Great Britain. ______(or trade walls) between the different British colonies were lifted creating new markets for Canadian factories to sell their goods.

3. American Expansionism
Policy makers in the United States were influenced by the idea of “______,” e.g. All of North America was destined to be directly controlled by the United States. Britain feared the Americans would expand in to ______if it remained a simple territory owned/operated by the ______.

Canadian Solution to American Expansionism
Confederation resulted in the eventual incorporation of the ______(Rupert’s Land and British Columbia) in to Canada. The Canadian Government established the ______to administer justice and be a military presence in the West. The “Mounties” maintained ______in the territories and prevented Americans from gaining too much influence in the sparsely populated West.

Short Answer Questions for Unit 5 Exam
Chapter 4
1). Identify two examples of racism in Canadian immigration policy during the Laurier era.
2). Why did Canadians during the Laurier era fear immigrants?

Chapter 5
1). Although Confederation included guarantees to Quebec, French-speaking Canadians living outside of Quebec (such as Metis and the Acadians) had no such guarantees. Provide evidence of this by referring to issues such as the Riel rebellions and the ManitobaSchools Act.
2). Why would it be inaccurate to charge Louis Riel with treason?

Chapter 6
1). According to John A. MacDonald’s vision of Canada as shown in the National Policy, the East and West were to play separate and distinct roles. What were these roles? Why would the railway be instrumental in enabling each region to fulfil its role?
2). Does MacDonald’s National Policy continue to affect Canada in the 21st century? Explain.

General
1). What three factors compelled the colonies of British North America to confederate in 1867?

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